城市古树名木综合价值货币化评估研究—以北京市古树"遮荫侯"为例
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摘要
当前对于城市古树名木历史文化内涵、景观价值等挖掘尚不深入,价值评价标准并不完善、合理,在实际问题出现时,并不能提供很好的指导。在此背景下,以北京市北海团城古树"遮荫侯"为例,从历史文化价值、景观价值、生态价值三个方面构建古树名木综合价值货币化评估体系,采用层次分析法确定三方面价值重要性的比例关系,采用回归分析法、9分位比率法、调整系数的确定方法计算历史文化价值,并根据三方面价值重要性的比例关系,来间接对景观价值、生态价值进行量化,三方面价值相加,即为最终要得到的古树名木综合价值。结果显示:历史文化价值、景观价值、生态价值三者重要性的比例关系为11.84:3.28:1,历史文化价值的评估值为3037680元,景观价值的评估值为841519元,生态价值的评估值为256561元,综合价值的评估值为4135760元。评估结果可为北京市古树名木管理保护的投入、损失案件的计算提供依据。
At present, the excavation of historical and cultural connotations and landscape values of old and valuable trees in cities are not enough, and the standard of value evaluation is not perfect and reasonable. It can not provide a good guidance when the actual problems arise. Under this background, taking "Marguis of Shade" as an example, which is in Tuancheng, Beijing, from historical and cultural value, landscape value, ecological value aspects to build an system for evaluation of comprehensive value; using analytic hierarchy process to determine the proportion of value importance in three aspects; using regression analysis, 9-points ratio method, and adjustment coefficient method to calculate historical and cultural value, and quantify the landscape value and ecological value according to the proportion indirectly, then add up the three aspects of value, that is the final comprehensive value of old and valuable trees. The results show that the proportion of historical and cultural value to landscape value and to ecological value is 11.84:3.28:1; the evaluation value of historical and cultural value is 3037680 Yuan, the evaluation value of landscape value is 841519 Yuan, the evaluation value of ecological value is 256 561 Yuan, and the evaluation value of the comprehensive value is 4 135760 Yuan. The evaluation results can provide evidences for investment of protection, loss calculation and determination of pledging adoption standard.
At present, the excavation of historical and cultural connotations and landscape values of old and valuable trees in cities are not enough, and the standard of value evaluation is not perfect and reasonable. It can not provide a good guidance when the actual problems arise. Under this background, taking "Marguis of Shade" as an example, which is in Tuancheng, Beijing, from historical and cultural value, landscape value, ecological value aspects to build an system for evaluation of comprehensive value; using analytic hierarchy process to determine the proportion of value importance in three aspects; using regression analysis, 9-points ratio method, and adjustment coefficient method to calculate historical and cultural value, and quantify the landscape value and ecological value according to the proportion indirectly, then add up the three aspects of value, that is the final comprehensive value of old and valuable trees. The results show that the proportion of historical and cultural value to landscape value and to ecological value is 11.84:3.28:1; the evaluation value of historical and cultural value is 3037680 Yuan, the evaluation value of landscape value is 841519 Yuan, the evaluation value of ecological value is 256 561 Yuan, and the evaluation value of the comprehensive value is 4 135760 Yuan. The evaluation results can provide evidences for investment of protection, loss calculation and determination of pledging adoption standard.
引文
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[15] Rico T. Are trees rooting for us? The heritage of greening in Qatar[J].Culture Agriculture Food & Environment, 2017,39(2):72-79.
[16] 崔峰,丁风芹,何杨,等.城市公园游憩资源非使用价值评估-以南京市玄武湖公园为例[J].资源科学,2012,34(10):1988-1996.
[17] 北京市园林科学研究所.公园古树名木[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
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[2] Lindenmayer D B, Laurance W F, Franklin J F. Global decline in large old trees[J].Science,2012, 338(7):1305-1306.
[3] Ridb?ck U, Vike E, Dietzeschirdewahn A. A battle of values: a case study of a blacklisted heritage tree represented by European silver Fir Abies alba Mill. in a protected landscape in Norway[J]. Arboricultural Journal, 2018,40(5): 1-14.
[4] 郑涛,张林.洛阳市城区古树名木保护管理现状分析与思考[J].现代园艺,2016(6):154-155.
[5] Jim C Y. Formulaic expert method to integrate evaluation and valuation of heritage trees in compact city[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2006,116(1-3):53-80.
[6] Mohamad R S, Bteich M R, Cardone G, et al. Economic analysis in organic olive farms: the case of the ancient olive trees in the rural parkland in Apulia[J].New Medit,2013,12(4):55-61.
[7] 寇建良.福州城区古树名木旅游资源综合评价与旅游产品策划[D].福州:福建师范大学,2009.
[8] 董冬,周志翔,何云核,等.基于游客支付意愿的古树名木资源保护经济价值评估-以安徽省九华山风景区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(11):1334-1340.
[9] 李记,徐爱俊.古树名木旅游最优路线设计与实现[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(1):153-160.
[10] Pandya I Y. Estimation of carbon storage in Mitragyna parviflora heritage tree species of Purna Wildlife Sanctuary of Dangs District of Vibrant Gujrat[J].Indian Journal of Scientific Research,2012,2(1):77-79.
[11] 马龙波.开发建设项目占用林地价值损失计量与恢复效益研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[12] 王碧云,修新田,兰思仁.古树名木文化价值货币化评估[J].林业经济问题,2016,36(6):565-570.
[13] 安迪,孙亚平.古树名木价值评价指标体系初探[J].安装,2015(11):63-64.
[14] 首都园林绿化政务网.见证古都-北海团城白袍将军和遮荫侯[EB/OL]http://www.bjyl.gov.cn/ztxx/jzgd/jzbjls/201510/t20151013_164609.html,2015-10-13/2018/03-10.
[15] Rico T. Are trees rooting for us? The heritage of greening in Qatar[J].Culture Agriculture Food & Environment, 2017,39(2):72-79.
[16] 崔峰,丁风芹,何杨,等.城市公园游憩资源非使用价值评估-以南京市玄武湖公园为例[J].资源科学,2012,34(10):1988-1996.
[17] 北京市园林科学研究所.公园古树名木[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[18] 李子奈,潘文卿.计量经济学(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015.