生物炭对白浆土养分含量及水稻产量的影响
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摘要
白浆土物理结构致密、养分含量及生物学活性低,是典型低产土壤。生物炭具备丰富养分数量,具备提高白浆土养分含量理论基础。试验采用盆栽方式,研究不同作物生物炭对白浆土养分含量及水稻产量影响。结果表明,生物炭增加白浆土各生育时期有机质、速效磷、全氮、全磷含量。在成熟期,BD、BY有机质含量分别较BCK增加0.52%、0.78%,BD、BY速效磷含量分别较BCK增加10.06%、11.80%,BD、BY全氮含量分别较BCK增加2.57%、2.06%。在成熟期,BD、BY净光合速率分别较BCK增加4.25%、0.33%。生物炭可增加水稻产量,水稻秸秆生物炭、玉米秸秆生物炭处理产量分别较对照增加7.00%、5.00%。
Albic soil was a typical low-yielding soil with dense structure and low nutrient content. Biochar had abundant nutrients and theoretical basis for improving albic soil.The effects of albic soil nutrient and rice yield with different crop biochar were studied by pot experiment.The results showed that biochar increased the contents of organic matter,available phosphorus,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in all growth stages of rice. In the mature stage,the content of organic matter in BD and BY treatments increased by0.52% and 0.78% than BCK,the content of available phosphorus in BD and BY treatments increased by 10.06% and 11.80% than BCK,and the content of total nitrogen in BD and BY treatments increased by 2.57% and 2.06% than BCK,respectively. In the mature stage,the rice net photosynthetic rates of BD and BY increased by 4.25% and 0.33% than BCK,respectively. The yield of rice straw biochar and corn straw biochar were increased by 7.00% and 5.00% than BCK,respectively.
Albic soil was a typical low-yielding soil with dense structure and low nutrient content. Biochar had abundant nutrients and theoretical basis for improving albic soil.The effects of albic soil nutrient and rice yield with different crop biochar were studied by pot experiment.The results showed that biochar increased the contents of organic matter,available phosphorus,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in all growth stages of rice. In the mature stage,the content of organic matter in BD and BY treatments increased by0.52% and 0.78% than BCK,the content of available phosphorus in BD and BY treatments increased by 10.06% and 11.80% than BCK,and the content of total nitrogen in BD and BY treatments increased by 2.57% and 2.06% than BCK,respectively. In the mature stage,the rice net photosynthetic rates of BD and BY increased by 4.25% and 0.33% than BCK,respectively. The yield of rice straw biochar and corn straw biochar were increased by 7.00% and 5.00% than BCK,respectively.
引文
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[2] Wang J,Gu JD.Dominance of Candidatus Scalindua species in anammox community revealed in soils with different duration of rice paddy cultivation in Northeast China[J].Applied Microbiology Biotechnology,2013,97:1785-1798.
[3]潘根兴,李恋卿,刘晓雨,等.热裂解生物质炭产业化:秸秆禁烧与绿色农业新途径[J].科技导报,2015,33(13):92-101.
[4]陈温福,张伟明,孟军.生物炭与农业环境研究与展望[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):821-828.
[5]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[6] Smebye A,Alling V,Vogt RD,et al. Biochar amendment to soil changes dissolved organic matter content and composition[J].Chemosphere,2016,142:100-105.
[7] Harris K,Gaskin J,Cabrera M,et al.Characterization and Mineralization Rates of Low Temperature Peanut Hull and Pine Chip Biochars[J].Agronomy,2013(2):294-312.
[8] Wu M,Han X,Zhong T,et al. Soil organic carbon content affects the stability of biochar in paddy soil[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2016,223:59-66.
[9]张晗芝,黄云,刘钢,等.生物炭对玉米苗期生长、养分吸收及土壤化学性状的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2713-2717.
[10]邓万刚,吴鹏豹,赵庆辉,等.低量生物质炭对2种热带牧草产量和品质的影响研究初报[J].草地学报,2010,18(6):844-847.
[11] Smebye A,Alling V,Vogt RD,et al. Biochar amendment to soil changes dissolved organic matter content and composition[J].Chemosphere,2016,142:100-105.
[12] Shang J,Geng ZC,Chen XX,et al. Effects of biochar on soil organic carbon and nitrogen and their fractions in a Rainfed farmland[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(3):509-517.
[13] Tian J,Wang J,Dippold M,et al.Biochar affects soil organic matter cycling and microbial functions but does not alter microbial community structure in a paddy soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,556:89-97.
[14] Domene X,Hanley K,Enders A,et al.Short-term mesofauna responses to soil additions of corn stover biochar and the role of microbial biomass[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2015,89:10-17.
[15] Ding Y,Liu Y,Liu S,et al. Biochar to improve soil fertility.A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2016,36(2):36.
[16] Purakayastha TJ,Das KC,Gaskin J,et al.Effect of pyrolysis temperatures on stability and priming effects of C3 and C4biochars applied to two different soils[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2016,155(4):107-115.
[17]隋跃宇,赵军,冯学民.关于黑土、白浆土、沼泽土的论文论述[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨地图出版社,2013.
[18] Marx MT,Yan X,Wang X,et al.Soil Fauna Abundance,Feeding and Decomposition in Different Reclaimed and Natural Sites in the Sanjiang Plain Wetland,Northeast China[J].Wetlands,2016,36(3):445-455.
[19] Wang XH.The characteristic and influence factors of extinction depth of shallow groundwater on the high-latitude region:a case study on the Sanjiang Plain,northeast China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(7):6695-6706.
[20]孟军,陈温福.中国生物炭研究及其产业发展趋势[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2013,15(1):1-5.
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