球形硝基胍粒径对改性单基发射药热安定性和力学性能的影响
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摘要
为了改善改性单基发射药的安定性和力学性能,制备了含3种不同粒径(50、80和110μm)球形硝基胍(NQ)的改性单基发射药,通过差示扫描量热法、真空安定性试验和甲基紫试验研究了其热分解过程和热安定性,并测试了其抗冲击和抗压缩强度,分析了NQ粒径变化对改性单基发射药热行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,3种含球形NQ的改性单基发射药试样有两个热分解过程,第一个分解过程对应的是混合硝化棉的分解,第二个分解过程是RDX和NQ的分解,但是第二个分解过程不明显;随着NQ粒径从50μm增至110μm,发射药试样的热分解峰温从176.84℃提高至179.71℃;真空安定性试验中试样48h放气量从0.7558mL/g降至0.5964mL/g,甲基紫试纸变为橙色的时间从44min延长至54min,且加热5h后未发生爆炸;发射药试样的抗冲击强度从4.23kJ/m~2降至3.81kJ/m~2,抗压缩强度从56.93MPa降至53.85MPa。表明球形NQ粒径的增加有利于提高发射药的热安定性,但会降低其力学性能。
To improve the stability and mechanical properties of modified single-base gun propellant, three kinds of modified single-base gun propellants with different particle sizes(50,80 and 110 μm) were prepared. Their thermal decomposition process and thermal stability were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, vacuum stability test and methyl violet test and their impact strength and compression strength were tested. The effects of particle size change of nitroguanidine(NQ) on the thermal behavior and mechanical properties of modified single-base gun propellants were analyzed. The results show that the three kinds of modified single-base gun propellant samples with spherical NQ have two thermal decomposition processes. The first decomposition process corresponds to the decomposition of mixed nitrocellulose, and the second decomposition process is the decomposition of RDX and NQ, but the second decomposition process is not obvious. With increasing the particle size of NQ from 50μm to 110μm, the peak temperature of thermal decomposition of gun propellant samples increases from 178.44℃ to 179.71℃, the amount of gas evolved from the sample in vacuum stability test decreases from 0.7558 mL/g to 0.5964 mL/g within 48 h, the time for methyl violet test paper to turn orange increases from 44 min to 54 min, and no explosion occurs after heating for 5 h, the impact strength of the gun propellant sample decreases from 4.23 kJ/m to 3.81 kJ/m, and the compressive strength decreases from 56.93 MPa to 53.85 MPa. Indicting that the increase of the particle size of spherical NQ is beneficial to improving the thermal stability of gun propellant, but it will decrease the mechanical properties of gun propellant.
To improve the stability and mechanical properties of modified single-base gun propellant, three kinds of modified single-base gun propellants with different particle sizes(50,80 and 110 μm) were prepared. Their thermal decomposition process and thermal stability were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, vacuum stability test and methyl violet test and their impact strength and compression strength were tested. The effects of particle size change of nitroguanidine(NQ) on the thermal behavior and mechanical properties of modified single-base gun propellants were analyzed. The results show that the three kinds of modified single-base gun propellant samples with spherical NQ have two thermal decomposition processes. The first decomposition process corresponds to the decomposition of mixed nitrocellulose, and the second decomposition process is the decomposition of RDX and NQ, but the second decomposition process is not obvious. With increasing the particle size of NQ from 50μm to 110μm, the peak temperature of thermal decomposition of gun propellant samples increases from 178.44℃ to 179.71℃, the amount of gas evolved from the sample in vacuum stability test decreases from 0.7558 mL/g to 0.5964 mL/g within 48 h, the time for methyl violet test paper to turn orange increases from 44 min to 54 min, and no explosion occurs after heating for 5 h, the impact strength of the gun propellant sample decreases from 4.23 kJ/m to 3.81 kJ/m, and the compressive strength decreases from 56.93 MPa to 53.85 MPa. Indicting that the increase of the particle size of spherical NQ is beneficial to improving the thermal stability of gun propellant, but it will decrease the mechanical properties of gun propellant.
引文
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[2] 周诚,陈智群,黄新萍,等.硝基胍标准物质的制备及其均匀性和稳定性研究[J].化学分析计量,2009:18(5):4-6.ZHOU Cheng,CHEN Zhi-qun,HUANG Xin-ping,et al.Preparation of reference material of NQ and study of its homogeneity and stability[J].Chemical Analysis & Meterage,2009:18(5):4-6.
[3] 郑丹,郭效德,林海勇,等.超细硝基胍的制备及其性能研究[J].固体火箭技术,2015,38(6):847-852.ZHENG Dan,GUO Xiao-de,LIN Hai-yong,et al.Preparation and performance research of ultra-fine nitroguanidine[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,2015,38(6):847-852.
[4] 高思静,胡炳成,金兴辉.溶剂/非溶剂法制备球形硝基胍[J].火炸药学报,2014,37(6):44-47.GAO Si-jing,HU Bing-cheng,JIN Xing-hui.Preparation of spherical nitroguanidine by solvent/non-solvent method[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2014,37(6):44-47.
[5] 朱登攀,刘志涛,刘琼,等.KH550改善硝基胍发射药低温力学性能研究[J].火炸药学报,2016,39(6):90-93.ZHU Deng-pan,LIU Zhi-tao,LIU Qiong,et al.Study on improving the mechanical properties of nitroguanidine gun propellant with KH550 at low temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2016,39(6):90-93.
[6] 刘宏英,李春俊,白华萍,等.采用LG系列超细粉碎机对猛炸药进行超细化研究[J].火炸药学报,2000,23(4):5-10.LIU Hong-ying,LI Chun-jun,BAI Hua-ping,et al.Investigation of micronizing for explosives by LG grinders[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants(Huozhayao Xuebao),2000,23(4):5-10.
[7] 刘杰,姜炜,李凤生,等.纳米级奥克托今的制备及性能研究[J].兵工学报,2013,34(2):174-181.LIU Jie,JIANG Wei,LI Feng-sheng,et al.Preparation and study of nano octahydro-1,3,5,7tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine[J].Acta Armamentarii,2013,34(2):174-181.
[8] Song X L,Wang Y,An C W,et al.Dependence of particle morphology and size on the mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoeine[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,159(23):222-229.
[9] GJB 772A-1997,501.2 真空安定性试验压力传感器法[S].1997.
[10] GJB 772A-1997,503.3 安定性试验甲基紫法[S].1997.
[11] GJB 772A-1997,502.1 安定性和相容性差热分析和差式扫描量热法[S].1997.
[12] 刘子如.含能材料热分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[13] 任务正,王泽山.火炸药理论与实践[M].北京:中国北化公司,2001.
[14] 张永丽,杨慧群,马忠亮,等.RDX基发射药相容性和安定性的研究[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2013,11(3):60-62.ZHANG Yong-li,YANG Hui-qun,MA Zhong-liang,et al.Studies on compatibility and stability of RDX-based propellants[J].Chemical Propellants & Polymeric Materials,2013,11(3):60-62.
[15] Wang B,Liao X,Wang Z,et al.Effects of particle size and morphology of NQ on thermal and combustion properties of triple-base propellants[J].Combustion and Flame,2018,193:123-132.
[16] Li Y,Cheng Y.Investigation on the thermal stability of nitroguanidine by TG/DSC-MS-FTIR and multivariate non-linear regression[J].Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry,2010,100(3):949-953.
[17] Volk F.Determination of gaseous and solid decomposition products of nitroguanidine[J].Propellants,Explosives,Pyrotechnics,1985,10(5):139-146.
[18] 郑丹.超细硝基胍的制备技术及其性能研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2015.ZHENG Dan.Preparation and performance research of ultra-fine nitroguanidine[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science & Technology,2015.Effect of Spherical Nitroguanidine Particle Size on Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Modified Single-base Gun PropellantHAN Jin-chao,YANG Hui-qun,WANG Yong-qiangChinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants,2019,42(2):180-184.Thermal decomposition,stability and mechanical properties of the modified single-base gun propellant with different particle size of spherical NQ were investigated by means of DSC,VST and methyl violet test.
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