基于振动减阻原理的旋转中耕机关键部件设计与试验
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摘要
针对传统中耕机粘重土壤环境作业时切削阻力大、能耗高等问题,借鉴农业机械设计中振动减阻方法,对旋转中耕机关键部件进行设计。通过建立旋转单体运动方程,对碎土刀切削土壤阻力及旋转单体减阻机理进行分析,为旋转中耕机关键部件设计提供理论依据。采用二次正交旋转组合试验,以机器前进速度、刀辊转速和弹簧刚度为试验因素,以作业功耗、碎土率为试验指标,在室内进行台架试验,并运用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行方差分析和响应面分析,得到影响因素与响应指标之间的数学模型,对数学模型进行优化及验证。试验结果表明,在刀辊转速为247～268 r/min、机器前进速度为0. 5～1. 0 m/s、弹簧刚度为11. 39～15. 16 N/mm时,相应试验指标作业功耗为1. 55～1. 90 k W、碎土率为91. 3%～92. 9%。选取最优水平组合中的一组进行验证及对比试验,结果表明,通过振动可有效降低旋转中耕机的作业功耗,与传统机型相比,其作业功耗下降了32%。在最优组合参数下进行田间试验,得到其作业功耗为1. 95 k W,碎土率为92. 8%,其作业性能满足中耕机作业要求。
Aiming at the problems of large cutting resistance and high energy consumption when working on rotating monomer of traditional cultivators,the key component of rotary cultivator was designed according to the method of vibration reducing resistance in agricultural machinery design. The motion equation of rotating monomer was established,and the analysis of reducing resistance was done. The analysis can provide theoretical basis for the design of the rotating monomer. For the study on performance of rotary cultivator,the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combined design was used for the experiment. The forward speed,spring stiffness coefficient and rotational speed of knife were taken as the influential factors,the rate of broken soil and the power consumption were taken as test indexs,and the test was conducted in the indoor soil bin. Through the variance analysis and response surface analysis by Design-Expert software,the mathematical model between influencing factors and response indexes was obtained,and the mathematical model was optimized and validated. The field test showed that when rotational speed of knife was 247 ～ 268 r/min,forward speed was 0. 5 ～ 1. 0 m/s and the spring stiffness coefficient was 11. 39 ～ 15. 16 N/mm, the rate of broken soil was 91. 3% ～ 92. 9%, the power consumption was 1. 55 ～ 1. 90 kW,the result of contrast test showed that the vibration can effectively reduce the operating power consumption of the rotating monomer,compared with the traditional device,the results showed that the vibration rotating monomer can reduce the power consumption by 32%. To the optimal level combination of field experiment,the rate of broken soil was 92. 8%,and the power consumption was 1. 95 kW. The results showed that the vibrating rotary monomer can meet the requirements of operation technology of cultivator. The research result provided important theoretical and technical reference for the improvement and optimization of the key components of rotary cultivator.
Aiming at the problems of large cutting resistance and high energy consumption when working on rotating monomer of traditional cultivators,the key component of rotary cultivator was designed according to the method of vibration reducing resistance in agricultural machinery design. The motion equation of rotating monomer was established,and the analysis of reducing resistance was done. The analysis can provide theoretical basis for the design of the rotating monomer. For the study on performance of rotary cultivator,the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combined design was used for the experiment. The forward speed,spring stiffness coefficient and rotational speed of knife were taken as the influential factors,the rate of broken soil and the power consumption were taken as test indexs,and the test was conducted in the indoor soil bin. Through the variance analysis and response surface analysis by Design-Expert software,the mathematical model between influencing factors and response indexes was obtained,and the mathematical model was optimized and validated. The field test showed that when rotational speed of knife was 247 ～ 268 r/min,forward speed was 0. 5 ～ 1. 0 m/s and the spring stiffness coefficient was 11. 39 ～ 15. 16 N/mm, the rate of broken soil was 91. 3% ～ 92. 9%, the power consumption was 1. 55 ～ 1. 90 kW,the result of contrast test showed that the vibration can effectively reduce the operating power consumption of the rotating monomer,compared with the traditional device,the results showed that the vibration rotating monomer can reduce the power consumption by 32%. To the optimal level combination of field experiment,the rate of broken soil was 92. 8%,and the power consumption was 1. 95 kW. The results showed that the vibrating rotary monomer can meet the requirements of operation technology of cultivator. The research result provided important theoretical and technical reference for the improvement and optimization of the key components of rotary cultivator.
引文
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[12]蒋建东,高洁,赵颖娣,等.土壤旋切振动减阻的有限元分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(1):58-62.JIANG Jiandong,GAO Jie,ZHAO Yingdi,et al. Finite element simulation and analysis on soil rotary tillage with external vibration excitation[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(1):58-62. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20120112&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012.01. 012.(in Chinese)
[13]邱立春,李宝筏.自激振动深松机减阻试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):72-76.QIU Lichun,LI Baofa. Experiment study on the self-excited vibration subsoiler for reducing draft force[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2000,16(6):72-76.(in Chinese)
[14]李霞,付俊峰,张东兴,等.基于振动减阻原理的深松机牵引阻力的试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):32-36.LI Xia,FU Junfeng,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Experiment analysis on traction resistance of vibration subsoiler[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):32-36.(in Chinese)
[15]刘宏俊,赵淑红,谭贺文,等.基于刮削与振动原理的减粘降阻镇压装置研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):86-92.LIU Hongjun,ZHAO Shuhong,TAN Hewen,et al. Investigation on press device in reducing adhesion and resistance based on scrape and vibration principle[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(1):86-92.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20180110&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 01. 010.(in Chinese)
[16]孙一源.农业土壤力学[M].北京:农业出版社,1985.
[17]陈滨.分析动力学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1987.
[18]西涅阿科夫.土壤耕作机械的理论和计算[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1981:273-354.
[19]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:上册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[20]石永刚,吴央芳.凸轮机构设计与应用创新[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[21] JB/T 7864—1999旱田中耕追肥机试验方法[S]. 1999.
[22]徐仲儒.试验回归设计[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科技出版社,1998.
[23]葛宜元,梁秋艳,王桂莲.试验设计方法与Design-Expert软件应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015.
[2] FRASCONI C,FONTANELLI M,RAFFAELLI M,et al. Dsign and full realization of physical weed control(PWC)automated machine within the RHEA project[C]∥Proceedings of International Conference of Agriculture Engineering,Zurich,2014,C0705.
[3]陈子文,张春龙,李楠,等.智能高效株间锄草机器人研究进展与分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):42-46.CHEN Ziwen,ZHANG Chunlong,LI Nan,et al. Study review and analysis of high performance intra-row weeding robot[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(5):42-46.(in Chinese)
[4]周福君,王文明,李小利,等.凸轮摇杆式摆动型玉米株间除草装置设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):77-85.ZHOU Fujun,WANG Wenming,LI Xiaoli,et al. Design and experiment of cam rocker swing intra-row weeding device for maize[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(1):77-85. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/create_pdf. aspx? file_no=20180109&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018.01. 009.(in Chinese)
[5]李守仁,林金天.驱动型土壤耕作机械的理论与计算[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[6]宋建农,李自华.反转旋耕理论分析[J].北京农业工程大学学报,1990,10(3):15-22.SONG Jiannong,LI Zihua. Theoretical studies of reverse rotary tillage[J]. Journal of Beijing Agricultural Engineering University,1990,10(3):15-22.(in Chinese)
[7]韩豹,申建英,李悦梅. 3ZCF-7700型多功能中耕除草机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):124-129.HAN Bao,SHEN Jianying,LI Yuemei. Design and experiment on 3ZCF-7700 multi-functional weeding-cultivating machine[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(1):124-129.(in Chinese)
[8]韩豹,吴文福,申建英.水平圆盘式苗间除草装置试验台优化试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):142-146.HAN Bao,WU Wenfu,SHEN Jianying. Optimization experiment on test-bed of horizontal disk weeding unit between seedlings[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(2):142-146.(in Chinese)
[9]吕金庆,王英博,兑瀚,等.驱动式马铃薯中耕机关键部件设计与碎土效果试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(10):49-58.LJinqing,WANG Yingbo,DUI Han,et al. Design of key components of driving-type potato cultivator and its soil-broken effect experiment[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(10):49-58. http:∥www.j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/create_pdf. aspx? file_no=20171006&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 10. 006.(in Chinese)
[10]张军昌,闫小丽,林泽坤,等.自激式振动深松整地机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):44-49.ZHANG Junchang,YAN Xiaoli,LIN Zekun,et al. Design and experiment of self-exciting vibration deep-loosening and subsoiling machine[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):44-49. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20160907&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 09.007.(in Chinese)
[11]崔涛,史智栋,杨丽,等.弹簧预紧力可调式振动深松机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(增刊):96-102.CUI Tao,SHI Zhidong,YANG Li,et al. Design and experiment of vibration subsoiler with adjustable spring pre-tightening force[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(Supp.):96-102. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=2016S015&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. S0.015.(in Chinese)
[12]蒋建东,高洁,赵颖娣,等.土壤旋切振动减阻的有限元分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(1):58-62.JIANG Jiandong,GAO Jie,ZHAO Yingdi,et al. Finite element simulation and analysis on soil rotary tillage with external vibration excitation[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(1):58-62. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20120112&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012.01. 012.(in Chinese)
[13]邱立春,李宝筏.自激振动深松机减阻试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):72-76.QIU Lichun,LI Baofa. Experiment study on the self-excited vibration subsoiler for reducing draft force[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2000,16(6):72-76.(in Chinese)
[14]李霞,付俊峰,张东兴,等.基于振动减阻原理的深松机牵引阻力的试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):32-36.LI Xia,FU Junfeng,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Experiment analysis on traction resistance of vibration subsoiler[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):32-36.(in Chinese)
[15]刘宏俊,赵淑红,谭贺文,等.基于刮削与振动原理的减粘降阻镇压装置研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):86-92.LIU Hongjun,ZHAO Shuhong,TAN Hewen,et al. Investigation on press device in reducing adhesion and resistance based on scrape and vibration principle[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(1):86-92.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20180110&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 01. 010.(in Chinese)
[16]孙一源.农业土壤力学[M].北京:农业出版社,1985.
[17]陈滨.分析动力学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1987.
[18]西涅阿科夫.土壤耕作机械的理论和计算[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1981:273-354.
[19]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:上册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[20]石永刚,吴央芳.凸轮机构设计与应用创新[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[21] JB/T 7864—1999旱田中耕追肥机试验方法[S]. 1999.
[22]徐仲儒.试验回归设计[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科技出版社,1998.
[23]葛宜元,梁秋艳,王桂莲.试验设计方法与Design-Expert软件应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015.