黄土丘陵区典型草地演替中植物群落特征与土壤储水量关系
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摘要
[目的]阐明草地植被演替过程中植被生产力、植物多样性等生态学特征与土壤储水量的关系,为探明黄土高原地区植被恢复的生态环境效应提供一定的科学依据。[方法]采用时空互代的方法对宁夏回族自治区固原市云雾山保护区自然恢复3,8,13,46,66,89a的样地进行取样,分析0—100cm土层土壤储水量的分布及其与地上地下植物生物量、物种多样性的关系。[结果]随着草地演替的进行,植被群落盖度、生物量和物种多样性指数在恢复13a之前显著增加,之后渐趋稳定;土壤含水量逐渐增加,容重逐渐降低。植被群落演替对0—40cm土层土壤储水量没有显著影响,但演替后期对40cm以下土层水分有明显消耗。植被群落生物量及物种多样性指标与表层0—10cm水分呈显著正相关。[结论]草地演替过程中,植被群落生物量和物种多样性的增加与表层土壤储水能力的提升密切相关,但深层根系生物量的增加对下层土壤储水的消耗也逐渐增大。
[Objective]To identify the relationships between plant community characteristics and soil water storage following natural vegetation restoration after farmland abandonment,in order to provide a reference for vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau.[Methods]Samples were collected in plots with different natural restoration years (3,8,13,46,66 and 89 a),to quantify the changes in soil water (0—100 cm) and ecological characteristics such as plant biomass and plant diversity in the Yunwu Mountain in Guyuan City,the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.[Results]With the succession of grassland,the plant community coverage,biomass and species diversity index increased dramatically at the early successional stages (before 13 a),and then gradually stabilized.Soil water content showed an increasing trend along the vegetation restoration years.The succession of vegetation communities had no significant effect on soil water storage in the 0—40 cm soil depths,but in the later stage of succession,the water content below 40 cm depths showed an obvious decreasing trend.Vegetation biomass and species diversity index were positively correlated with soil water content at 0—10 cm depths.[Conclusion]Soil water in the topsoil played a positive role in the variations of plant biomass and species diversity induced by vegetation restoration.However,the increase of the root biomass in the deep soil increased the consumption of soil water storage,especially in the later successional stage.
[Objective]To identify the relationships between plant community characteristics and soil water storage following natural vegetation restoration after farmland abandonment,in order to provide a reference for vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau.[Methods]Samples were collected in plots with different natural restoration years (3,8,13,46,66 and 89 a),to quantify the changes in soil water (0—100 cm) and ecological characteristics such as plant biomass and plant diversity in the Yunwu Mountain in Guyuan City,the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.[Results]With the succession of grassland,the plant community coverage,biomass and species diversity index increased dramatically at the early successional stages (before 13 a),and then gradually stabilized.Soil water content showed an increasing trend along the vegetation restoration years.The succession of vegetation communities had no significant effect on soil water storage in the 0—40 cm soil depths,but in the later stage of succession,the water content below 40 cm depths showed an obvious decreasing trend.Vegetation biomass and species diversity index were positively correlated with soil water content at 0—10 cm depths.[Conclusion]Soil water in the topsoil played a positive role in the variations of plant biomass and species diversity induced by vegetation restoration.However,the increase of the root biomass in the deep soil increased the consumption of soil water storage,especially in the later successional stage.
引文
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[3]刘芳.典型草原带不同类型植物群落蒸散量与CO2吸收量的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2004.
[4]李冬梅,焦峰,雷波,等.黄土丘陵区不同草本群落生物量与土壤水分的特征分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(1):33-37.
[5]Mitchell J E,West N E,Miller R W.Soil physical properties in relation to plant community patterns in the Shadscale Zone of Northwestern Utah[J].Ecology,1966,47(4):627-630.
[6]邓蕾.黄土高原生态系统碳固持对植被恢复的响应机制[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[7]马有祥.宁夏云雾山草原自然保护区综合科学考察报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[8]华娟,赵世伟,张扬,等.云雾山不同草地群落土壤活性有机碳分布特征[J].草地学报,2009,17(3):315-320.
[9]赵勇钢,赵世伟,华娟,等.半干旱典型草原区封育草地土壤结构特征研究[J].草地学报,2009,17(1):106-112.
[10]An Shaoshan,Huang Yimei,Zheng Fenli.Evaluation of soil microbial indices along a revegetation chronosequence in grassland soils on the Loess Plateau,Northwest China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2009,41(3):286-292.
[11]张志南,武高林,王冬,等.黄土高原半干旱区天然草地群落结构与土壤水分关系[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):313-319.
[12]李中林,秦卫华,周守标,等.短期围栏封育对红松洼自然保护区群落数量特征的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(1):21-26.
[13]郝红敏,刘玉,王冬,等.典型草原开垦弃耕后不同年限群落植物多样性和空间结构特征[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):754-759.
[14]Zhou Zhengchao,Shangguan Zhouping.Vertical distribution of fine roots in relation to soil factors in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.forest of the Loess Plateau of China[J].Plant&Soil,2007,291(2):119-129.
[15]张永旺.黄土丘陵区不同恢复植被下土壤蓄持水分能力及其调控[D].陕西杨凌:中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2017.
[16]Howard L F,Lee T D.Temporal patterns of vascular plant diversity in southeastern New Hampshire forests[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2003,185(1):5-20.
[17]刘海威,张少康,焦峰.黄土丘陵区不同退耕年限草地群落特征及其土壤水分养分效应[J].草业学报,2016,25(10):31-39.
[18]Bezemer T M,Lawson C S,Hedlund K,et al.Plant species and functional group effects on abiotic and microbial soil properties and plant-soil feedback responses in two grasslands[J].Journal of Ecology,2006,94(5):893-904.
[19]董杰,包翔,孟和巴特尔,等.不同封育年限下典型草原栗钙土物理性状变化规律的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,2008,29(1):53-56.
[20]苏永中,赵哈林,文海燕.退化沙质草地开垦和封育对土壤理化性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(4):5-8.
[21]邹厚远,程积民.黄土高原草原植被的自然恢复演替及调节[J].水土保持研究,1998,5(1):126-138.
[22]安韶山,张扬,郑粉莉.黄土丘陵区土壤团聚体分形特征及其对植被恢复的响应[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):66-70.
[23]何玉惠,赵哈林,刘新平,等.封育对沙质草甸土壤理化性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):159-161.
[24]赵世伟.黄土高原子午岭植被恢复下土壤有机碳-结构-水分环境演变特征[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[2]Deng Lei,Wang Kaibo,Li Jianping,et al.Effect of soil moisture and atmospheric humidity on both plant productivity and diversity of native grasslands across the Loess Plateau,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,94(9):525-531.
[3]刘芳.典型草原带不同类型植物群落蒸散量与CO2吸收量的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2004.
[4]李冬梅,焦峰,雷波,等.黄土丘陵区不同草本群落生物量与土壤水分的特征分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(1):33-37.
[5]Mitchell J E,West N E,Miller R W.Soil physical properties in relation to plant community patterns in the Shadscale Zone of Northwestern Utah[J].Ecology,1966,47(4):627-630.
[6]邓蕾.黄土高原生态系统碳固持对植被恢复的响应机制[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[7]马有祥.宁夏云雾山草原自然保护区综合科学考察报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[8]华娟,赵世伟,张扬,等.云雾山不同草地群落土壤活性有机碳分布特征[J].草地学报,2009,17(3):315-320.
[9]赵勇钢,赵世伟,华娟,等.半干旱典型草原区封育草地土壤结构特征研究[J].草地学报,2009,17(1):106-112.
[10]An Shaoshan,Huang Yimei,Zheng Fenli.Evaluation of soil microbial indices along a revegetation chronosequence in grassland soils on the Loess Plateau,Northwest China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2009,41(3):286-292.
[11]张志南,武高林,王冬,等.黄土高原半干旱区天然草地群落结构与土壤水分关系[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):313-319.
[12]李中林,秦卫华,周守标,等.短期围栏封育对红松洼自然保护区群落数量特征的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(1):21-26.
[13]郝红敏,刘玉,王冬,等.典型草原开垦弃耕后不同年限群落植物多样性和空间结构特征[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):754-759.
[14]Zhou Zhengchao,Shangguan Zhouping.Vertical distribution of fine roots in relation to soil factors in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.forest of the Loess Plateau of China[J].Plant&Soil,2007,291(2):119-129.
[15]张永旺.黄土丘陵区不同恢复植被下土壤蓄持水分能力及其调控[D].陕西杨凌:中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2017.
[16]Howard L F,Lee T D.Temporal patterns of vascular plant diversity in southeastern New Hampshire forests[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2003,185(1):5-20.
[17]刘海威,张少康,焦峰.黄土丘陵区不同退耕年限草地群落特征及其土壤水分养分效应[J].草业学报,2016,25(10):31-39.
[18]Bezemer T M,Lawson C S,Hedlund K,et al.Plant species and functional group effects on abiotic and microbial soil properties and plant-soil feedback responses in two grasslands[J].Journal of Ecology,2006,94(5):893-904.
[19]董杰,包翔,孟和巴特尔,等.不同封育年限下典型草原栗钙土物理性状变化规律的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,2008,29(1):53-56.
[20]苏永中,赵哈林,文海燕.退化沙质草地开垦和封育对土壤理化性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(4):5-8.
[21]邹厚远,程积民.黄土高原草原植被的自然恢复演替及调节[J].水土保持研究,1998,5(1):126-138.
[22]安韶山,张扬,郑粉莉.黄土丘陵区土壤团聚体分形特征及其对植被恢复的响应[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):66-70.
[23]何玉惠,赵哈林,刘新平,等.封育对沙质草甸土壤理化性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):159-161.
[24]赵世伟.黄土高原子午岭植被恢复下土壤有机碳-结构-水分环境演变特征[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
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