黄土丘陵区撂荒恢复过程中植物群落组成与土壤养分及酶活性变化的关系
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摘要
为揭示黄土丘陵区植被恢复过程中土壤性质变化趋势,以黄土丘陵区10~45a的撂荒地为研究对象,分析撂荒后植被恢复过程中植物群落演变规律、土壤养分含量、4种酶活性变化及其相关关系.结果表明,随着撂荒年限的增加,恢复过程中主要群落的演变为猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)→达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza dahurica)+铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)→茭蒿(Artemisia giraldii)+铁杆蒿→白羊草(Bothriochloa flaccidum)+茭蒿,群落多样性指数整体表现为先增后减的趋势,菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Poaceae)及豆科(Leguminosae)这3科占比从66. 67%降至50%,后上升到75%.土壤有机碳(SOC),全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)与碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脲酶(UE)与蔗糖酶(SC)这4种酶活性呈增加趋势,但增加程度不同,化学计量比总体呈波动上升趋势.菊科、禾本科与豆科相比总科数、总属数、总种数及植物多样性,对养分和酶活性有更显著的影响,贡献率分别为72. 8%、69. 1%、66. 0%,且三大科对土壤酶的影响大于土壤养分,其中禾本科与豆科对养分及酶活性表现为正影响,而菊科表现为负影响.撂荒恢复过程中草地群落优势科占比的升高显著影响土壤酶的升高,并导致土壤养分变化.
The trends of and relationships among the plant community,soil nutrients,and four soil enzymes were investigated after being abandoned for 10,15,20,30,and 45 years to reveal the soil properties during the restoration in the Loess Hilly Region. The results indicate the following ranking of dominant plant community species: Artemisia scoparia→ Lespedeza dahurica + Artemisia sacrorum→ Artemisia giraldii + irons Artemisia annua→ Bothriochloa flaccidum + Artemisia selengensis. The ranking reflects an increase along the chronosequence of abandoned land. Moreover,the ratio of the total species of Compositae, Poaceae, and Leguminosae decreases from 66. 67% to 50% and then increases up to 75%. The SOC,TN,TP,AN,AP,and four enzyme activity types(ALP,CAT,UE,and SC) increase but respond differently to restoration,while the stoichiometric ratio fluctuates. In contrast to the number of plant families,genus,species,and plant diversity,Compositae,Poaceae,and Leguminosae have major effects on the soil nutrient and enzyme activity,which explains the total variation of 72. 8%,69. 1%,and 66. 0%,respectively. The effects of these three families on the soil enzymes are greater than that on soil nutrients. Poaceae and Leguminosae have a positive effect on the nutrient and enzyme activity,while the family Compositae has a negative effect. Overall,the changes of dominant species of grassland communities during restoration significantly affect the soil enzyme and thereby are responsible for the soil nutrient dynamics.
The trends of and relationships among the plant community,soil nutrients,and four soil enzymes were investigated after being abandoned for 10,15,20,30,and 45 years to reveal the soil properties during the restoration in the Loess Hilly Region. The results indicate the following ranking of dominant plant community species: Artemisia scoparia→ Lespedeza dahurica + Artemisia sacrorum→ Artemisia giraldii + irons Artemisia annua→ Bothriochloa flaccidum + Artemisia selengensis. The ranking reflects an increase along the chronosequence of abandoned land. Moreover,the ratio of the total species of Compositae, Poaceae, and Leguminosae decreases from 66. 67% to 50% and then increases up to 75%. The SOC,TN,TP,AN,AP,and four enzyme activity types(ALP,CAT,UE,and SC) increase but respond differently to restoration,while the stoichiometric ratio fluctuates. In contrast to the number of plant families,genus,species,and plant diversity,Compositae,Poaceae,and Leguminosae have major effects on the soil nutrient and enzyme activity,which explains the total variation of 72. 8%,69. 1%,and 66. 0%,respectively. The effects of these three families on the soil enzymes are greater than that on soil nutrients. Poaceae and Leguminosae have a positive effect on the nutrient and enzyme activity,while the family Compositae has a negative effect. Overall,the changes of dominant species of grassland communities during restoration significantly affect the soil enzyme and thereby are responsible for the soil nutrient dynamics.
引文
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