多出口条件下应急疏散路径优化模型
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摘要
为减少拥堵发生概率,考虑多出口条件下疏散人群路径选择特点,建立应急疏散路径优化模型。首先以疏散通道布置方位为基础,建立疏散网络,确定可行疏散路径集合,考虑人群流量与排队时间动态关系,计算人群雍滞时间,表征路径当量长度,迭代可行路径集合;然后以疏散总时间最短为目标,修正Dijkstra算法目标函数,全局搜索时间最优路径,分配疏散方案;最后通过某多出口疏散案例,对比传统最短路径和优化最短时间疏散方案疏散总时间,验证模型的有效性。结果表明:优化后的疏散方案排队总时间与疏散总时间均小于传统疏散模型,疏散出口利用率更高,人流分布更为均匀,疏散路径重叠概率较小,有效提升了疏散效率。
To reduce the probability of congestion,considering the characteristics of evacuation route selection under multi-export conditions,an emergency evacuation route optimization model is established.Firstly,based on the evacuation channel arrangement orientation,the evacuation network is established,and the feasible evacuation path set is determined. Considering the dynamic relationship between crowd flow and queuing time,the population lag time is calculated,the path equivalent length is characterized,and the iterative feasible path set is represented. Then aiming at the shortest total evacuation time,the Dijkstra algorithm objective function is modified,the time search optimal path is globally,and the evacuation scheme is allocated. Finally,taking the multi-egress floor case as an example,the total time of the shortest and optimal evacuation path evacuation is compared to verify the validity of the model. The results show that the total time of queuing and the total evacuation time of the optimized evacuation scheme are smaller than the traditional evacuation model. The utilization of evacuation exit is higher, the distribution of people flow is more even,and the probability of overlapping of evacuation paths is smaller,which effectively improves the evacuation efficiency.
To reduce the probability of congestion,considering the characteristics of evacuation route selection under multi-export conditions,an emergency evacuation route optimization model is established.Firstly,based on the evacuation channel arrangement orientation,the evacuation network is established,and the feasible evacuation path set is determined. Considering the dynamic relationship between crowd flow and queuing time,the population lag time is calculated,the path equivalent length is characterized,and the iterative feasible path set is represented. Then aiming at the shortest total evacuation time,the Dijkstra algorithm objective function is modified,the time search optimal path is globally,and the evacuation scheme is allocated. Finally,taking the multi-egress floor case as an example,the total time of the shortest and optimal evacuation path evacuation is compared to verify the validity of the model. The results show that the total time of queuing and the total evacuation time of the optimized evacuation scheme are smaller than the traditional evacuation model. The utilization of evacuation exit is higher, the distribution of people flow is more even,and the probability of overlapping of evacuation paths is smaller,which effectively improves the evacuation efficiency.
引文
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[9]朱孔金,杨立中.房间出口位置及内部布局对疏散效率的影响研究[J].物理学报,2010,59(11):7 701-7 707.ZHU Kongjin,YANG Lizhong. The effects of exit position and internal layout of classroom on evacuation efficiency[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2010,59(11):7 701-7 707.
[10]熊立春,杨立兵,陈建宏,等.基于图论与排队论的人员疏散优化模型研究[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(3):166-171.XIONG Lichun,YANG Libing,CHEN Jianhong,et al. An revised optimized model for urgent human evacuation based on graph theory and queuing theory[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2014,14(3):166-171.
[11]陈绍宽,刘爽,肖雄,等.基于M/G/c/c模型的地铁车站楼梯通道疏散能力瓶颈分析[J].铁道学报,2012,34(1):7-12.CHEN Shaokuan,LIU Shuang,XIAO Xiong,et al. M/G/c/c-based model of passenger evacuation capacity of stairs and corridors in metro stations[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society,2012,34(1):7-12.
[12]李明华,袁振洲,许琰,等.基于点排队模型的多出口疏散优化模型研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(4):166-172.LI Minghua,YUAN Zhenzhou,XU Yan,et al. An optimization model of multi-exit evacuation based on point queue model[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2015,15(4):166-172.
[13] KURDI H A,AL-MEGREN S,ALTHUNYAN R,et al. Effect of exit placement on evacuation plans[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2018,269(2):749-759.
[14] LUJAK M,GIORDANI S. Centrality measures for evacuation:finding agile evacuation routes[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems,2017,83(16):401-412.
[15]苏书杰,何露.步行交通规划交叉路口行人瞬时动态拥塞疏散模型[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2018,48(2):440-447.SU Shujie,HE Lu. Transient dynamic congestion evacuation model of pedestrian at walk traffic planning crossroads[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2018,48(2):440-447.
[16] VICKREY W S. Congestion theory and transport investment[J]. American Economic Review,1969,59(2):251-260.
[17]纪翔峰,张健,冉斌.基于流体逼近的路段交通流动态加载研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(5):195-201.JI Xiangfeng,ZHANG Jian,RAN Bin.Research on dynamic loading of road traffic flow based on fluid approximation[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2015,15(5):195-201.
[18] HIGASHIKAWA Y,CHENG S W,KAMEDA T,et al. Minimax regret 1-median problem in dynamic path networks[J].Theory of Computing Systems,2015,62(6):1 392-1 408.
[19] BOGUSLAWSKI P,MAHDJOUBI L,ZVEROVICH V,et al. A dynamic approach for evacuees'distribution and optimal routing in hazardous environments[J]. Automation in Construction,2018,94:11-21.
[20] LIMABAC G J. A capacitated network flow optimization approach for short notice evacuation planning[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2012,223(1):234-245.
[2]郑霞忠,向蕾蕾,晋良海,等.考虑人-环因素的地铁站疏散速度修正模型与仿真[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(8):19-24.ZHENG Xiazhong,XIANG Leilei,JIN Lianghai,et al. A model for correcting speed of evacuation from subway station considering human-environment factors[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(8):19-24.
[3]屈云超,高自友,李新刚.考虑从众效应和信息传递的行人疏散建模[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2014,14(5):188-193.QU Yunchao,GAO Ziyou,LI Xingang. Modeling and simulating herding behavior and information spreading process in pedestrian flow[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2014,14(5):188-193.
[4] LIM G J,ZANGENEH S,BAHARNEMATI M R,et al. A capacitated network flow optimization approach for short notice evacuation planning[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2012,223(1):234-245.
[5]杨建芳,高岩,李丽花.多出口建筑物突发事件应急疏散模型和算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2011,31(增1):147-153.YANG Jianfang,GAO Yan,LI Lihua. Emergency evacuation model and algorithm in the building with several exits[J].Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice,2011,31(S1):147-153.
[6] ZHANG Lei,YUE Hao,LI Mei,et al. Simulation of pedestrian push-force in evacuation with congestion[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2015,64(6):120-134.
[7]李清泉,李秋萍,方志祥.一种基于时空拥挤度的应急疏散路径优化方法[J].测绘学报,2011,40(4):517-523.LI Qingquan,LI Qiuping,FANG Zhixiang. An emergency evacuation routing optimization method based on space-time congestion concept[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science,2011,40(4):517-523.
[8]何健飞,刘晓.基于拥挤度的地铁应急疏散路径优化方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2013,23(2):166-171.HE Jianfei,LIU Xiao. A subway emergency evacuation routing optimization method based on congestion degree[J].China Safety Science Journal,2013,23(2):166-171.
[9]朱孔金,杨立中.房间出口位置及内部布局对疏散效率的影响研究[J].物理学报,2010,59(11):7 701-7 707.ZHU Kongjin,YANG Lizhong. The effects of exit position and internal layout of classroom on evacuation efficiency[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2010,59(11):7 701-7 707.
[10]熊立春,杨立兵,陈建宏,等.基于图论与排队论的人员疏散优化模型研究[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(3):166-171.XIONG Lichun,YANG Libing,CHEN Jianhong,et al. An revised optimized model for urgent human evacuation based on graph theory and queuing theory[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2014,14(3):166-171.
[11]陈绍宽,刘爽,肖雄,等.基于M/G/c/c模型的地铁车站楼梯通道疏散能力瓶颈分析[J].铁道学报,2012,34(1):7-12.CHEN Shaokuan,LIU Shuang,XIAO Xiong,et al. M/G/c/c-based model of passenger evacuation capacity of stairs and corridors in metro stations[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society,2012,34(1):7-12.
[12]李明华,袁振洲,许琰,等.基于点排队模型的多出口疏散优化模型研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(4):166-172.LI Minghua,YUAN Zhenzhou,XU Yan,et al. An optimization model of multi-exit evacuation based on point queue model[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2015,15(4):166-172.
[13] KURDI H A,AL-MEGREN S,ALTHUNYAN R,et al. Effect of exit placement on evacuation plans[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2018,269(2):749-759.
[14] LUJAK M,GIORDANI S. Centrality measures for evacuation:finding agile evacuation routes[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems,2017,83(16):401-412.
[15]苏书杰,何露.步行交通规划交叉路口行人瞬时动态拥塞疏散模型[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2018,48(2):440-447.SU Shujie,HE Lu. Transient dynamic congestion evacuation model of pedestrian at walk traffic planning crossroads[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2018,48(2):440-447.
[16] VICKREY W S. Congestion theory and transport investment[J]. American Economic Review,1969,59(2):251-260.
[17]纪翔峰,张健,冉斌.基于流体逼近的路段交通流动态加载研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(5):195-201.JI Xiangfeng,ZHANG Jian,RAN Bin.Research on dynamic loading of road traffic flow based on fluid approximation[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2015,15(5):195-201.
[18] HIGASHIKAWA Y,CHENG S W,KAMEDA T,et al. Minimax regret 1-median problem in dynamic path networks[J].Theory of Computing Systems,2015,62(6):1 392-1 408.
[19] BOGUSLAWSKI P,MAHDJOUBI L,ZVEROVICH V,et al. A dynamic approach for evacuees'distribution and optimal routing in hazardous environments[J]. Automation in Construction,2018,94:11-21.
[20] LIMABAC G J. A capacitated network flow optimization approach for short notice evacuation planning[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2012,223(1):234-245.
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