几种改性剂对稻草纤维/ABS复合材料挥发性有机化合物释放的影响
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摘要
以稻草纤维及丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)为原料,分别以活性炭、Al2O3、SiO2为改性剂,通过混炼-模压工艺制备了稻草纤维/ABS复合材料,采用热重-质谱联用仪对复合材料的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)释放情况进行对比分析,探讨了几种改性剂对稻草纤维/ABS复合材料VOC释放的影响。研究发现:ABS及稻草纤维均能在热解过程中释放CH_2O、C_2H_4O及C3H4O,而C_6H_6、C_7H_8、C_8H_8等苯类及烷烃类物质的释放源则主要为ABS;活性炭的添加能够显著降低稻草纤维/ABS复合材料的VOC释放,其VOC释放总量降低了55.5%;Al2O3和SiO2虽然能比较明显地降低复合材料中苯类物质的释放含量,分别降低了32.4%和30.9%,但是其中的Fe、Cu等金属杂质却能够催化醛类物质的产生,导致VOC释放总量分别增加了11.8%和235.7%。
The rice straw fiber and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)were used as the raw materials,the acticarbon,Al2 O3,SiO2 were used as the modifiers,respectively,the straw fiber/ABS composites were prepared via mixing molding process,The thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry combined instrument was used to compare and analyse the volatile organic compounds(VOC)release of straw fiber/ABS composites,and the effect of VOC release from composites by several different kinds of modifiers was researched.The results show that ABS and straw fibers can release CH_2O,C_2H_4O and C_3H_4O during the pyrolysis.The main source of the release of benzene and alkanes such as C_6H_6,C_7H_8 and C_8H_8 is ABS;the addition of activated carbon could significantly reduce the VOC release of straw fiber/ABS composites,and the total VOC release decreases by 55.5%.Al2 O3 and SiO2 can obviously reduce the release content of benzene in the straw fiber/ABS composite,the content of benzene is 32.4% and 30.9%,respectively.However,metal impurities such as Fe and Cu can catalyze the generation of aldehydes,resulting in increasing VOC emissions by 11.8% and 235.7%,respectively.
The rice straw fiber and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)were used as the raw materials,the acticarbon,Al2 O3,SiO2 were used as the modifiers,respectively,the straw fiber/ABS composites were prepared via mixing molding process,The thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry combined instrument was used to compare and analyse the volatile organic compounds(VOC)release of straw fiber/ABS composites,and the effect of VOC release from composites by several different kinds of modifiers was researched.The results show that ABS and straw fibers can release CH_2O,C_2H_4O and C_3H_4O during the pyrolysis.The main source of the release of benzene and alkanes such as C_6H_6,C_7H_8 and C_8H_8 is ABS;the addition of activated carbon could significantly reduce the VOC release of straw fiber/ABS composites,and the total VOC release decreases by 55.5%.Al2 O3 and SiO2 can obviously reduce the release content of benzene in the straw fiber/ABS composite,the content of benzene is 32.4% and 30.9%,respectively.However,metal impurities such as Fe and Cu can catalyze the generation of aldehydes,resulting in increasing VOC emissions by 11.8% and 235.7%,respectively.
引文
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[2] ALEXANDER H T.Plastics makers plot the future of the car[J].Chemical&Engineering News,2017,95(45):21-23.
[3]姜前道,任桂贤.木塑复合材料在汽车内饰件领域的应用[J].汽车工艺与材料,2008(8):61-62.JIANG Q D,REN G X.Application of wood-plastic composites in automotive interior parts[J].Automobile Technology&Material,2008(8):61-62(in Chinese).
[4]王飞,吴建国,李兰军.我国汽车内饰VOC现状及发展趋势[J].国外塑料,2013,31(11):41-46.WANG F,WU J G,LI L J.The situation and development trend of VOC of automobile interior in China[J].World Plastics,2013,31(11):41-46(in Chinese).
[5]刘雪峰,徐耀宗,徐树杰,等.我国汽车产品VOC污染现状及管理政策建议[J].环境与可持续发展,2015,40(5):26-29.LIU X F,XU Y Z,XU S J,et al.Situation and management policy about China’s car VOC[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2015,40(5):26-29(in Chinese).
[6]王春红,任子龙,刘胜凯.汉麻纤维表面改性对其增强聚丙烯复合材料性能及挥发性有机化合物释放影响[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(4):804-814.WANG C H,REN Z L,LIU S K.Effect of hemp fiber modification on the properties and volatile organic compounds emission of its reinforced polypropylene composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2018,35(4):804-814(in Chinese).
[7] WOJTYLA S,KLAMA P,BARAN T.Is 3Dprinting safe?Analysis of the thermal treatment of thermoplastics:ABS,PLA,PET and nylon[J].Journal of Occupational&Environmental Hygiene,2017,14(6):D80-D85.
[8]朱凌波,李新功,杨凯,等.几种不同改性剂对稻草纤维/ABS复合材料性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(7):1791-1799.ZHU L B,LI X G,YANG K,et al.Performance enhancement of straw/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composites modified by several different kinds of modifiers[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2018,35(7):1791-1799(in Chinese).
[9]朱洪志.文冠果加工剩余物活性炭的制备及对VOC吸附性能研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.ZHU H Z.Research on preparation and adsorption properties for VOC of activated carbon based on xanthoceras sorbifolia biodiesel residues[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2014(in Chinese).
[10]梁鑫.有机酸改性活性炭及其VOCs吸附行为研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.LIANG X.Adsorption behavior of VOCs onto activated carbons modified with organic acids[D].Changsha:Central South University,2014(in Chinese).
[11]何清泉.活性氧化铝多孔介质制备及其吸附性能的研究[D].武汉:武汉工程大学,2015.HE Q Q.Study on alumina porous media preparation and adsorption properties[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Engineering,2015(in Chinese).
[12]耿长建.临界温度附近三种不同多孔材料对氢的吸附特性的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2009.GENG C J.Investigation of hydrogen adsorption on three different porous materials at near critical temperature[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2009(in Chinese).
[13]汤福娟.多孔二氧化硅的动态吸附特性研究[D].济南:济南大学,2017.SHANG F J.Study on the fix-bed column adsorption characteristics of porous silicas[D].Jinan:Jinan University,2017(in Chinese).
[14] Verband der Automobilindustrie.Thermal desorption analysis of organic emissions for the characterization of non-metallic materials for automobiles:VDA 278[S].Berlin:Verband der Automobilindustrie,2011.
[15] RUTKOWSKI J V,LEVIN B C.Acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene copolymers(ABS):Pyrolysis and combustion products and their toxicity:A review of the literature[J].Fire&Materials,1986,10(3-4):93-105.
[16] STEINLE P.Characterization of emissions from a desktop3Dprinter and indoor air measurements in office settings[J].Journal of Occupational&Environmental Hygiene,2016,13(2):121-132.
[17] LIU X M,DENG X L,ZHU G Z,et al.Effects of microporous structure of activated carbon on adsorption performance of n-butane[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2012,13(1):13-16+92.
[18] LIU R F,LI W B,PENG A Y.A facile preparation of TiO2/ACF with C-Ti bond and abundant hydroxyls and its enhanced photocatalytic activity for formaldehyde removal[J].Applied Surface Science,2017,427:608-616.
[19]杨文.从赤泥中回收铁和氧化铝的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.YANG W.Research on recovery of iron and alumina from the red mud[D].Changsha:Central South University,2012(in Chinese).
[20]罗洪原,周焕文,林培滋.一氧化碳加氢合成乙醇乙醛等二碳含氧化合物催化剂:中国,CN96115579.5[P].1998-03-11.LUO H Y,ZHOU H W,LIN P Z.Carbon monoxide hydrogenation to ethanol acetic acid acetaldehyde C2oxygenates catalyst:China,CN96115579.5[P].1998-03-11(in Chinese).
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