三江并流区不同林型土壤肥力评价
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摘要
以三江并流区4种林型(云南松林、多变石栎+旱冬瓜混交林、山杨林、云南铁杉林)土壤为研究对象,测定9种土壤主要理化指标,分析不同剖面土壤养分含量变化及分级特征,参照全国第二次土壤普查各属性分级指标,结合改进的内梅罗指数对土壤肥力进行综合评价。结果表明,4种林型下的土壤砾石含量为10%～50%,土壤机械组成为砂粒>粉粒>粘粒,粉黏比为0.71～2.68,属于偏砂质黏壤土;土壤pH值在5.15～6.77,C/N为6.09～15.95;不同林型下土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾和阳离子交换量属丰富水平且均随土壤深度增加而减少,全钾和速效磷含量较低,前者随着土层加厚而增加,后者分布无明显规律。4种林型下的土壤内梅罗综合评价指数在0.9～1.8,肥力状况一般,不同林型土壤肥力综合系数排序:云南铁杉林>山杨林>多变石栎混交林>云南松林,普遍表现出深层养分缺乏,应适当补充P素和K素。
Based on the data of 4 forest types(Pinus yunnanensis forest, Lithocarpus variolosus + Alnus nepalensis forest, Populus davidiana forest, Tsuga dumosa forest) in the Three Parallel Rivers, the 9 indexes of soil physico-chemical properties were measured to analyze the changes and grading characteristics of nutrient contents in different forest soils. The fertility of different forest soils were comprehensively evaluated based on the second national soil census and the improved Nemerow index. The results showed that the gravel content of four forest types was 10% ～ 50%,the range of soil mechanical composition was sand > silt > clay,and the ratio of silt and clay distributed between 0. 71 to 2. 68 belonging to the sandy clay loam. The pH value of soil ranged from 5. 15 to 6. 77,and the C/N was between 6. 09 to 15. 95.The content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available potassium and cation exchange capacity was rich and decreased with the increase of soil depth. The content of total potassium and available phosphorus was lower,the former increased with soil depth increased while the latter had no rules. The comprehensive evaluation of Nemerow index was 0. 9 ～ 1. 8,indicating the common fertility.The soil fertility index of different forest types was Tsuga dumosa forest > Populus davidiana forest > Lithocarpus variolosa + Alnus nepalensis forest > Pinus yunnanensis forest. The nutrient of deep soil was deficiency and the P and K should be replenished in most area.
Based on the data of 4 forest types(Pinus yunnanensis forest, Lithocarpus variolosus + Alnus nepalensis forest, Populus davidiana forest, Tsuga dumosa forest) in the Three Parallel Rivers, the 9 indexes of soil physico-chemical properties were measured to analyze the changes and grading characteristics of nutrient contents in different forest soils. The fertility of different forest soils were comprehensively evaluated based on the second national soil census and the improved Nemerow index. The results showed that the gravel content of four forest types was 10% ～ 50%,the range of soil mechanical composition was sand > silt > clay,and the ratio of silt and clay distributed between 0. 71 to 2. 68 belonging to the sandy clay loam. The pH value of soil ranged from 5. 15 to 6. 77,and the C/N was between 6. 09 to 15. 95.The content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available potassium and cation exchange capacity was rich and decreased with the increase of soil depth. The content of total potassium and available phosphorus was lower,the former increased with soil depth increased while the latter had no rules. The comprehensive evaluation of Nemerow index was 0. 9 ～ 1. 8,indicating the common fertility.The soil fertility index of different forest types was Tsuga dumosa forest > Populus davidiana forest > Lithocarpus variolosa + Alnus nepalensis forest > Pinus yunnanensis forest. The nutrient of deep soil was deficiency and the P and K should be replenished in most area.
引文
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[20] 方晰,田大伦,秦国宣,等.杉木林采伐迹地连栽和撂荒对林地土壤养分与酶活性的影响[J].林业科学,2009,45(12):65-71.
[21] 李静鹏,徐明锋,苏志尧,等.不同植被恢复类型的土壤肥力质量评价[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2297-2307.
[2] 周伟,王文杰,张波,等.长春城市森林绿地土壤肥力评价[J].生态学报,2017(4):1211-1220.
[3] BAUTISTA-CRUZ A,DEL CASTILLO R F,ETCHEVERS-BARRA J D,et al.Selection and interpretation of soil quality indicators for forest recovery after clearing of a tropical montane cloud forest in Mexico [J].Forest Ecology Manage,2012,277:74-80.
[4] 林波,刘庆,吴彦,等.川西亚高山针叶林凋落物对土壤理化性质的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(4):346-351.
[5] 吴恒,党坤良,田相林,等.秦岭林区天然次生林与人工林立地质量评价[J].林业科学,2015(4):78-88.
[6] 何忠俊,王立东,郭琳娜,等.三江并流区土壤发生特性与系统分类[J].土壤学报,2011,48(1):10-20.
[7] 洪常青,何忠俊,鱼海霞.三江并流区暗棕壤酶活性特征研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2013,28(6):857-864.
[8] 王晶,何忠俊,王立东,等.“三江并流区”不同类型土壤腐殖质特性的研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,25(5):659-663.
[9] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[10] 鲁如坤.土壤农化分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.2000.
[11] 全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤 [M].北京 :中国农业出版社,1998:111.
[12] 黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国科学出版社,2001.
[13] 姜林,耿增超,张雯,等.宁夏贺兰山、六盘山典型森林类型土壤主要肥力特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(6):1982-1993.
[14] 马云波,许中旗,张岩,等.冀北山区华北落叶松人工林对土壤化学性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):165-170.
[15] 李燕,刘吉振,魏朝富,等.砾石对土壤水分入渗(扩散)的影响研究[J].土壤学报,2011,48(2):435-439.
[16] 张连金,赖光辉,孙长忠,等.北京九龙山不同林分土壤肥力诊断与综合评价[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(1):1-6.
[17] 刘菊秀,余清发,褚国伟,等.鼎湖山主要森林类型土壤pH值动态变化[J].土壤与环境,2001,10(1):39-41.
[18] AUGUSTO L,BONNAUD P,RANGER J.Impact of tree species on forests soil acidification [J].Forest ecology and Management,1998,105:67-78.
[19] 王芳,黄玫,孙希华,等.大小兴安岭林区不同林型土壤养分综合评价[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(1):182-187.
[20] 方晰,田大伦,秦国宣,等.杉木林采伐迹地连栽和撂荒对林地土壤养分与酶活性的影响[J].林业科学,2009,45(12):65-71.
[21] 李静鹏,徐明锋,苏志尧,等.不同植被恢复类型的土壤肥力质量评价[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2297-2307.