斑鳠消化系统组织结构及适应性特征研究
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摘要
为了解斑鳠(Mystus guttatus)消化系统组织结构特征,采用形态解剖和组织学方法对斑鳠消化系统进行研究。结果表明,斑鳠为一种杂食性偏肉食性鱼类,解剖观察其消化道结构包括口咽腔、食道、胃、肠及肛门,肝脏和胰脏为其主要的外消化腺。组织学观察发现口咽腔上皮组织中有较为丰富味蕾和黏液细胞;食道粗而短,肌层发达,且含有丰富的黏液细胞;胃贲门部和盲囊部,体壁较厚,胃壁内侧有丰富的黏膜褶皱,黏膜层为单层柱状上皮,分布大量的分泌胃酸和胃蛋白酶原的管状腺体,胃幽门部内层为环肌层,外层为纵肌层;斑鳠肠道系数为(0.89±0.11),肠道分为前肠、中肠和后肠三部分,肠腔内有丰富黏膜褶皱,褶皱高度从前向后逐渐降低。肠黏膜上皮肠粘膜表层为单层柱状上皮,在黏膜上皮分布大量的黏液细胞。肝脏与胰脏分离,肝脏分为两叶,胰脏弥散分布于肠系膜上。斑鳠消化系统结构特征与其喜好摄食甲壳类动物密切相关。
Morphological anatomy and histological methods were used to study the tissue structure characteristic for digestive system of Mystus guttatus. The results indicated that M. guttatus was a kind of omnivorous fish mainly carnivorous. Histology analysis showed the digestive tract of M. guttatus included oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestine and anus. Liver and pancreas were main external digestive glands of M. guttatus. Histological observations revealed that the oral cavity epithelium had large amount of taste buds and mucous cells. The esophagus was thick and short with abundant mucous cells in the mucous layer, and its muscular layer was well developed. The wall of gastric cardia and caecum were thick, and the wall inside had abundant mucous folds. The mucous layer was single columnar epithelium, distributed a large number of tubular glands that secrete gastric acid and pepsinogen, the inner part of the gastric pylorus was the circular muscle, and the outer layer was the longitudinal muscle. The intestinal coefficient of M. guttatus was(0.89±0.11). The intestine was divided into three parts, they were anterior, middle, and posterior intestine. The mucous membranes in the intestine had large amount of mucous folds, and the height of the folds gradually decreases. The intestinal mucosa epithelium was single columnar epithelium with a large number of mucous cells. The liver was separated from the pancreas and divided into two lobules, and the pancreas was diffusely distributed on the mesentery. The structural characteristics for digestive system of M. guttatus were closely related to its preference for feeding crustaceans.
Morphological anatomy and histological methods were used to study the tissue structure characteristic for digestive system of Mystus guttatus. The results indicated that M. guttatus was a kind of omnivorous fish mainly carnivorous. Histology analysis showed the digestive tract of M. guttatus included oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestine and anus. Liver and pancreas were main external digestive glands of M. guttatus. Histological observations revealed that the oral cavity epithelium had large amount of taste buds and mucous cells. The esophagus was thick and short with abundant mucous cells in the mucous layer, and its muscular layer was well developed. The wall of gastric cardia and caecum were thick, and the wall inside had abundant mucous folds. The mucous layer was single columnar epithelium, distributed a large number of tubular glands that secrete gastric acid and pepsinogen, the inner part of the gastric pylorus was the circular muscle, and the outer layer was the longitudinal muscle. The intestinal coefficient of M. guttatus was(0.89±0.11). The intestine was divided into three parts, they were anterior, middle, and posterior intestine. The mucous membranes in the intestine had large amount of mucous folds, and the height of the folds gradually decreases. The intestinal mucosa epithelium was single columnar epithelium with a large number of mucous cells. The liver was separated from the pancreas and divided into two lobules, and the pancreas was diffusely distributed on the mesentery. The structural characteristics for digestive system of M. guttatus were closely related to its preference for feeding crustaceans.
引文
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[20]向枭,叶元土,周兴华,等.大鳍鳠的消化能力与营养价值[J].水产学报,2003,27(4):371-376.
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[22]Abol-Munafi A B,Liem P T,Van M V,et al.Histological ontogeny of the digestive system of Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmorats) larvae [J].J Sustain Sci Mana,2006,(1):79-86.
[2]陈焜慈,邬国民,李恒颂,等.珠江斑鳠年龄和生长的研究[J].中国水产科学,1999,6(4):62-66
[3]胡隐昌,陈焜慈,李恒颂,等.珠江斑鳠的食性[J].水产学报,2003,27(4):301-306.
[4]朱新平,陈焜慈,谢刚,等.池养珠江斑鳠人工繁殖和胚胎发育的初步研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2005,20(4):352-354.
[5]吴小明,周立斌,彭飞影,等.斑鳠的含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析[J].水产科学,2010,29(7):425-428.
[6]Catherinee W,Peterb M I,Kalmias B,et al.Diet predicts intestine length in Lake Tanganyika's cichlid fishes [J].Funct Ecol,2009,23(6):1122-1131.
[7] Davis A M,Unmack P J,Pusey B J,et al.Ontogenetic development of intestinal length and relationships to diet in an Australasian fish family (Terapontidae) [J].BMC Evol Biol,2013,13(1):53-53.
[8] Albrecht M P,Ferreira M F N,Caramaschi E P.Anatomical features and histology of the digestive tract of two related neotropical omnivorous fishes (Characiformes;Anostomidae) [J].J Fish Biol,2010,58(2):419-430.
[9]向枭,叶元土,周兴华,等.鲇消化性能的研究[J].饲料工业,2005,26(20):24-27.
[10]邹远超,王永明,岳兴建,等.切尾拟鲿消化系统的组织学研究[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(2):25-29.
[11]刘亚秋,李新辉,王志坚.大鳞副泥鳅肠道黏液细胞及消化酶活性分布特征研究[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(5):1048-1053.
[12] Kapoor B G,Smit H,Verighina I A.The Alimentary canal and digestion in teleosts [J].Adv Mar Biol,1975,13:109-239.
[13] German D P,Nagle B C,Villeda J M,et al.Evolution of herbivory in a Carnivorous Clade of Minnows (Teleostei Cyprinidae):Effects on gut size and digestive physiology [J].Physiol Biochem Zool,2010,83(1):1-18.
[14]刘怀如,张耀光.南方鲇消化系统的解剖[J].泉州师范学院学报(自然科学版),2001,19(6):75-79.
[15]潘黔生,郭广全,方之平,等.6种有胃真骨鱼消化系统比较解剖的研究[J].华中农业大学学报,1996,(5):463-469.
[16]初庆柱,陈刚,张健东,等.大刺鳅消化系统的组织学研究[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(2):14-18.
[17]毕冰,孙中武,毛天强,等.鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼消化道结构与食性的研究[J].水产学杂志,2011,24(1):26-29.
[18]许宝红,王亚楠,肖调义,等.4种淡水经济鱼类消化系统的组织学比较[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(32):47-55.
[19]叶元土,林仕梅,罗莉,等.黄颡鱼消化能力与营养价值的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1997,12(2):23-30.
[20]向枭,叶元土,周兴华,等.大鳍鳠的消化能力与营养价值[J].水产学报,2003,27(4):371-376.
[21]曾端,叶元土.鱼类食性与消化系统结构的研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),1998,(4):361-364.
[22]Abol-Munafi A B,Liem P T,Van M V,et al.Histological ontogeny of the digestive system of Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmorats) larvae [J].J Sustain Sci Mana,2006,(1):79-86.