隧道发酵技术在草菇工厂化栽培过程中的应用
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摘要
通过隧道发酵技术对草菇(Volvaria volvacea)的栽培原料进行发酵处理,以期应用于草菇工厂化栽培生产.发酵过程中检测了发酵料的温度、pH,发酵结束后,将发酵料转移至塑料框内进行高温杀菌,并对草菇进行室内栽培.试验时,对发酵隧道装料系数以及塑料框栽培的装料高度进行对比试验,通过对草菇农艺性状的测定,探索隧道发酵技术对草菇生产的影响.结果表明:发酵隧道装料系数为50%,发酵料升温较快,发酵料终pH为7.89,适合草菇生长;塑料框装料高度10.0 cm时,草菇生长最好,单框产量最高为(434.14±132.39) g,横径和纵径最大为(40.34±5.12) mm和(43.71±5.97) mm,生物转化率较高,达(17.37±5.54)%.
In order to apply straw mushroom(Volvaria volvacea) for factory cultivation, cultivation ingredients were fermented through tunnel fermentation technology. The temperature and pH of the fermented materials were detected during the process. When the fermentation was finished, fermented materials were transferred to plastic frames for sterilization, and followed by straw mushroom cultivation indoor. Loading coefficient(V/V) of the fermented tunnel and loading height of the material in plastic frame were monitored. At the end of fermentation, agronomic traits were recorded to evaluate the benefits of tunnel fermentation. The results showed that fermentation materials heated up quickly when the loading coefficient reached 50%. The final pH of the fermented material was 7.89, which was suitable for the growth of straw mushroom. The growth of straw mushroom was the best when loading height of plastic box was 10 cm, with the highest yield being(434.13±132.39) g per frame. The maximum of transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of straw mushroom were(40.34±5.12) mm and(43.7±5.97) mm, respectively, reaching the highest bioconversion rate of(17.37±5.54)%.
In order to apply straw mushroom(Volvaria volvacea) for factory cultivation, cultivation ingredients were fermented through tunnel fermentation technology. The temperature and pH of the fermented materials were detected during the process. When the fermentation was finished, fermented materials were transferred to plastic frames for sterilization, and followed by straw mushroom cultivation indoor. Loading coefficient(V/V) of the fermented tunnel and loading height of the material in plastic frame were monitored. At the end of fermentation, agronomic traits were recorded to evaluate the benefits of tunnel fermentation. The results showed that fermentation materials heated up quickly when the loading coefficient reached 50%. The final pH of the fermented material was 7.89, which was suitable for the growth of straw mushroom. The growth of straw mushroom was the best when loading height of plastic box was 10 cm, with the highest yield being(434.13±132.39) g per frame. The maximum of transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of straw mushroom were(40.34±5.12) mm and(43.7±5.97) mm, respectively, reaching the highest bioconversion rate of(17.37±5.54)%.
引文
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[2] 杨国良,赵钢勇,张爱民,等.新型蘑菇堆肥隧道发酵的特点及应用效果[J].食用菌,2008,30(5):23-24.
[3] 曾广宇,周国英.双孢蘑菇堆肥发酵研究现状[J].北方园艺,2007(12):237-239.
[4] HSU H C,HSU C I,LIN R H,et al.Fip-vvo,a new fungal immunomodulatory protein isolated from Volvariella volvacea[J].Biochemical Journal,1997,323:557.
[5] CHANG S T.The origin and early development of straw mushroom cultivation[J].Economic Botany,1977,31(3):374-376.
[6] 郭勇,彭卫红,甘炳成,等.我国草菇生产现状及四川草菇发展面临的问题[J].西南农业学报,2001(S1):124-126.
[7] 谢宝贵,江玉姬,刘文金,等.草菇厚垣孢子研究[J].食用菌学报,1996(4):25-29.
[8] 许修宏,刘颜平,王博.堆肥隧道式后发酵技术及效果[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(11):297-300.
[9] 杨国良.蘑菇生产全书[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[10] 李承强,魏源送,樊耀波,等.堆肥腐熟度的研究进展[J].环境科学进展,1999(6):1-12.
[11] 中华人民共和国农牧渔业部.土壤全氮测定法(半微量开式法)GB/T 7173—1987[S].北京:北京农业大学,1987.
[12] 全国农业分析标准化技术委员会.土壤有机质测定法GB/T 9834—88[S].西安:陕西省农业科学院黄土高原农业测试中心,1988.
[13] 王惠萍.草菇套袋无公害栽培技术[J].农业科技与信息,2005(9):31.
[14] 谢凌慧,陶鸿,董伟,等.杏鲍菇不同培养料高效栽培技术的研究[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(12):32-34,80.
[15] 杨小兵,郑国杨,胡泽生,等.草菇工厂化栽培关键技术的研究[J].中国食用菌,2015,34(1):20-25.
[16] 赵风云,林俊芳,游丽容,等.草菇工厂化栽培模式探讨[J].中国食用菌,2010,29(2):26-27.