全株青贮张杂谷替代不同比例全株青贮玉米对奶牛产奶量和乳品质的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究全株青贮张杂谷不同比例替代全株青贮玉米对奶牛产奶量和乳品质的影响。选取胎次2～3胎、体重为600 kg左右的荷斯坦高产泌乳牛40头,随机分成4组,每组10头。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别为试验组,在基础日粮上分别用2.3、4.6 kg和6.9 kg全株青贮张杂谷替代原有日粮中10%、20%和30%的全株青贮玉米。预试期5 d,正式期30 d。结果表明,产奶量和乳品质各组差异均不显著(P>0.05),但产奶量和乳品质均表现出Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组高于Ⅰ组,且产奶量Ⅱ组最高,Ⅲ组次之;乳脂率、乳蛋白率Ⅳ组均最高,分别比Ⅰ组提高0.14和0.1个百分点;乳糖率Ⅱ组最高,比Ⅰ组提高0.03个百分点;非脂固形物Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组最高,比Ⅰ组提高0.08个百分点;灰分各试验组均比Ⅰ组提高0.01个百分点;尿素氮和体细胞数Ⅳ组均最低,比Ⅰ组分别降低0.36 mmol/l和24.76×10~3个/ml。在本试验条件下,综合考虑产奶量、乳品质及经济效益,全株青贮张杂谷替代原有日粮中10%的全株青贮玉米饲喂效果较好,净收益每天每头牛增加4.42元。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the substitution effects of whole "Zhang Hy-brid Millet" silage for different proportions of corn silage on milk production and quality. 40 high lactating Holstein cow of the 2～3 lactation period weighing about 600 kg were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. As the control group, group I was fed with basic ration. The experiment group Ⅱ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ were respectively fed with 2.3 kg, 4.6 kg and 6.9 kg whole "Zhang Hybrid Millet" silage instead of 10%, 20% and 30% corn silage in the ration. The pre-experiment and formal experiment were respectively conducted 5 days and 30 days. The results showed that the milk production and quality in each group had no significant difference(P>0.05). While, the milk production and quality in experiment groups were higher than control group, the highest milk production showed in group Ⅱ, and the second high in group Ⅲ; The butterfat rate and milk protein rate in group IV reached peak and each was 0.14% and 0.1% higher than group Ⅰ; The milk lactose rate in group Ⅱ reached peak and was 0.03% higher than group Ⅰ; The solids-not-fat content in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ were the most and 0.08%higher than group Ⅰ; The ash content in experiment groups were 0.01% higher than control group;The urea nitrogen and somatic cell count in group Ⅳ were the least and reduced by 0.36 mmol/l and 24.76×10~3 cell/ml than group Ⅰ. Considering of the milk production, quality and economic effect with-in the condition of this experiment, whole "Zhang Hybrid Millet" silage substituting for 10% corn si-lage in cow basic ration gets the best effect and can increase the income by 4.42 yuan/cow·day.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the substitution effects of whole "Zhang Hy-brid Millet" silage for different proportions of corn silage on milk production and quality. 40 high lactating Holstein cow of the 2～3 lactation period weighing about 600 kg were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. As the control group, group I was fed with basic ration. The experiment group Ⅱ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ were respectively fed with 2.3 kg, 4.6 kg and 6.9 kg whole "Zhang Hybrid Millet" silage instead of 10%, 20% and 30% corn silage in the ration. The pre-experiment and formal experiment were respectively conducted 5 days and 30 days. The results showed that the milk production and quality in each group had no significant difference(P>0.05). While, the milk production and quality in experiment groups were higher than control group, the highest milk production showed in group Ⅱ, and the second high in group Ⅲ; The butterfat rate and milk protein rate in group IV reached peak and each was 0.14% and 0.1% higher than group Ⅰ; The milk lactose rate in group Ⅱ reached peak and was 0.03% higher than group Ⅰ; The solids-not-fat content in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ were the most and 0.08%higher than group Ⅰ; The ash content in experiment groups were 0.01% higher than control group;The urea nitrogen and somatic cell count in group Ⅳ were the least and reduced by 0.36 mmol/l and 24.76×10~3 cell/ml than group Ⅰ. Considering of the milk production, quality and economic effect with-in the condition of this experiment, whole "Zhang Hybrid Millet" silage substituting for 10% corn si-lage in cow basic ration gets the best effect and can increase the income by 4.42 yuan/cow·day.
引文
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[11]刘婷婷,孙全文,岳春旺,等.张杂谷谷草和玉米秸秆不同配比对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2017(5):8-11.
[12]赵月平,吴淑琴,孙全文,等.“张杂谷”替代部分玉米和豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(12):36-38,46.
[13]韩昱,孙全文,靳玲品,等.“张杂谷”谷草替代部分玉米秸秆对育肥羊肉品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(16):24-26,34.
[2]王晓明,王德权,王峰,等.杂交谷子在张家口市坝上地区种植试验初报[J].河北农业科学,2011,15(6):12-14,17.
[3]李欣儒,史高磊,张晓雷.河北省坝上地区旱地杂交谷子栽培技术[J].现代农村科技,2015(20):14.
[4]李军国,徐英英,王红英.秸秆饲料商品化加工技术分析[J].饲料工业,2005(9):8-10.
[5]张红莲,张锐.农作物秸秆饲料处理技术研究进展[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2004,35(3):11-16.
[6]范光宇,赵治海,孙全文,等.“张杂谷”饲草饲料转化初探[J].草业与畜牧,2016(3):56-59.
[7]张吉鹍,卢德勋,李龙瑞,等.绵羊常用粗饲料纤维品质的评定及绵羊采食量的模型化研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2004(3):8-10.
[8]Council N.Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle:Seventh Revised Edition,2001[C].National Research Council,Washington D.C.,2001.
[9]孙茂红,孙全文,岳春旺,等.张杂谷谷草替代国产苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(3):32-33.
[10]孙茂红,孙全文,岳春旺,等.张杂谷谷草替代羊草对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2015(1):59-61.
[11]刘婷婷,孙全文,岳春旺,等.张杂谷谷草和玉米秸秆不同配比对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2017(5):8-11.
[12]赵月平,吴淑琴,孙全文,等.“张杂谷”替代部分玉米和豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(12):36-38,46.
[13]韩昱,孙全文,靳玲品,等.“张杂谷”谷草替代部分玉米秸秆对育肥羊肉品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(16):24-26,34.