Observing the steady-state visual evoked potentials with a compact quad-channel spin exchange relaxation-free magnetometer
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摘要
We observed the steady-state visually evoked potential(SSVEP) from a healthy subject using a compact quad-channel potassium spin exchange relaxation-free(SERF) optically pumped magnetometer(OPM). To this end, 30 s of data were collected, and SSVEP-related magnetic responses with signal intensity ranging from 150 fT to 300 f T were observed for all four channels. The corresponding signal to noise ratio(SNR) was in the range of 3.5–5.5. We then used different channels to operate the sensor as a gradiometer. In the specific case of detecting SSVEP, we noticed that the short channel separation distance led to a strongly diminished gradiometer signal. Although not optimal for the case of SSVEP detection, this set-up can prove to be highly useful for other magnetoencephalography(MEG) paradigms that require good noise cancellation.Considering its compactness, low cost, and good performance, the K-SERF sensor has great potential for biomagnetic field measurements and brain-computer interfaces(BCI).
We observed the steady-state visually evoked potential(SSVEP) from a healthy subject using a compact quad-channel potassium spin exchange relaxation-free(SERF) optically pumped magnetometer(OPM). To this end, 30 s of data were collected, and SSVEP-related magnetic responses with signal intensity ranging from 150 fT to 300 f T were observed for all four channels. The corresponding signal to noise ratio(SNR) was in the range of 3.5–5.5. We then used different channels to operate the sensor as a gradiometer. In the specific case of detecting SSVEP, we noticed that the short channel separation distance led to a strongly diminished gradiometer signal. Although not optimal for the case of SSVEP detection, this set-up can prove to be highly useful for other magnetoencephalography(MEG) paradigms that require good noise cancellation.Considering its compactness, low cost, and good performance, the K-SERF sensor has great potential for biomagnetic field measurements and brain-computer interfaces(BCI).
We observed the steady-state visually evoked potential(SSVEP) from a healthy subject using a compact quad-channel potassium spin exchange relaxation-free(SERF) optically pumped magnetometer(OPM). To this end, 30 s of data were collected, and SSVEP-related magnetic responses with signal intensity ranging from 150 fT to 300 f T were observed for all four channels. The corresponding signal to noise ratio(SNR) was in the range of 3.5–5.5. We then used different channels to operate the sensor as a gradiometer. In the specific case of detecting SSVEP, we noticed that the short channel separation distance led to a strongly diminished gradiometer signal. Although not optimal for the case of SSVEP detection, this set-up can prove to be highly useful for other magnetoencephalography(MEG) paradigms that require good noise cancellation.Considering its compactness, low cost, and good performance, the K-SERF sensor has great potential for biomagnetic field measurements and brain-computer interfaces(BCI).
引文
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[26]Broser P J,Knappe S,Kajal D S,Noury N,Alem O,Shah V and Braun C 2018 IEEE Trans.Neural Syst.Rehabil.Eng.26 2226
[27]Beverina F,Palmas G,Silvoni S,Piccione F and Giove S 2003 PsychNology Journal 1 331 ISSN:17207525
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[31]Hansen P,Kringelbach M and Salmelin R 2010 MEG:an Introduction to Methods(Oxford:Oxford University Press)pp.48-49
[2]Cohen D 1968 Science 161 784
[3]Detiege X,Lundqvist D,Beniczky S,Seri S and Paetau R 2017 Seizure50 53
[4]Mouthaan B E,Rados M,Barsi P,et al.2016 Epilepsia 57 770
[5]Bagic A I 2011 J.Clin.Neurophysiol.28 341
[6]Vantent D,Manshanden I,Ossenblok P,Velis D N,de Munck J C,Verbunt J P A and Lopes da Silva F H 2003 Clin.Neurophysiol.114 1948
[7]Birbaumer N,Ghanayim N,Hinterberger T,Iversen I,Kotchoubey B,K¨ubler A,Perelmouter J,Taub E and Flor H 1999 Nature 398 297
[8]Pfurtscheller G,Neuper C,Guger C,Harkam W,Ramoser H,Schlogl A,Obermaier B and Pregenzer M 2000 IEEE Trans.Rehabil.Eng.8216
[9]Mullerputz G R,Scherer R,Pfurtscheller G and Rupp R 2005 Neurosci Lett.382 169
[10]Pfurtscheller G,M¨uller G R,Pfurtscheller J,Gerner H J and Rupp R2003 Neurosci.Lett.351 33
[11]Allison B Z,Wolpaw E W and Wolpaw J R 2007 Expert Rev.Med.Devices 4 463
[12]Mellinger J,Schalk G,Braun C,Preissl H,Rosenstiel W,Birbaumer Nand K¨ubler A 2007 NeuroImage 36 581
[13]Weinstock H 2012 SQUID Sensors:Fundamentals,Fabrication and Applications(Chester:Springer Science&Business Media)pp.491-516
[14]Allred J C,Lyman R N,Kornack T W and Romalis M V 2002 Phys.Rev.Lett.89 130801
[15]Dang H,Maloof A and Romalis M 2010 Appl.Phys.Lett.97 151110
[16]Fu J Q,Du P C,Zhou Q and Wang R Q 2016 Chin.Phys.B 25 10302
[17]Li R J,Quan W,Fan W F,Xing L,Wang Z,Zhai Y Y and Fang J C2017 Chin.Phys.B 26 120702
[18]Sheng D,Perry A R,Krzyzewski S P,Geller S,Kitching J and Knappe S 2017 Appl.Phys.Lett.110 031106
[19]Alem O,Mhaskar R,Jimenez M R,Sheng D,Leblanc J,Trahms L,Sander T,Kitching J and Knappe S 2017 Opt.Express 25 7849
[20]Knappe S,Alem O,Sheng D and Kitching J 2016 J.Phys.:Conf.Ser.723 012055
[21]Mhaskar R,Knappe S and Kitching J 2012 Appl.Phys.Lett.101241105
[22]Boto E,Holmes N,Leggett J,Roberts G,Shah V,Meyer S S,Munoz L D,Mullinger K J,Tierney T M,Bestmann S,Barnes G R,Bowtell Rand Brookes M J 2018 Nature 555 657
[23]Boto E,Bowtell R,Kruger P,Fromhold T M,Morris P G,Meyer S S,Barnes G R and Brookes M J 2016 PLoS One 11 e0157655
[24]Xia H,Benamar B A,Hoffman D and Romalis M V 2006 Appl.Phys.Lett.89 211104
[25]Zhang G,Huang S and Lin Q 2018 AIP Adv.8 125028
[26]Broser P J,Knappe S,Kajal D S,Noury N,Alem O,Shah V and Braun C 2018 IEEE Trans.Neural Syst.Rehabil.Eng.26 2226
[27]Beverina F,Palmas G,Silvoni S,Piccione F and Giove S 2003 PsychNology Journal 1 331 ISSN:17207525
[28]Dupont R J,Haroche S and Cohen T C 1969 Phys.Lett.A 28 638
[29]Happer W and Tang H 1973 Phys.Rev.Lett.31 273
[30]Zhang S,Han X,Chen X,Wang Y,Gao S and Gao X 2018 J.Neural.Eng.15 046010
[31]Hansen P,Kringelbach M and Salmelin R 2010 MEG:an Introduction to Methods(Oxford:Oxford University Press)pp.48-49