东非裂谷Turkana盆地石油地质特征与勘探潜力
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摘要
东非裂谷东支South Lokichar盆地石油地质勘探获得突破,使该区成为研究和勘探石油的热点地区。Turkana盆地为裂谷东支邻近South Lokichar盆地中面积最大的盆地,勘探程度低。最新地震地质综合研究成果阐述了其石油地质特征和勘探潜力。Turkana盆地为主动裂谷,受控于两期火山活动,发育中新世以来的3套沉积地层,最大厚度可达7 000m。钻井揭示的上新统烃源岩指标较好,厚度约50m,推测发育中新统烃源岩。发育河流和三角洲相砂岩,孔渗物性好。北部凸起带和中部凸起带为有利勘探区带。烃源是盆地勘探最主要的地质风险。
Oil and gas exploration in the South Lokichar Basin,the East Branch of the Eastern African Rift System(EARS) makes the studied area a hot spot area for oil-gas research and exploration.The Turkana Basin is the largest basin among the basins adjacent to the South Lokichar Basin and its exploration degree is lower.This paper has a discussion on the petroleum geological features and prospecting potential of the basin based on the latest seismic and geological study results.The Turkana Basin is an active rift basin controlled by two periods of volcanic activity.Three sets of sedimentary strata with total thickness of 7000 m have been developed in the basin since the Miocene.The fluvial and deltaic sandstone with good porosity and permeability was developed in the basin.The Pliocene source rock is 50 m thick.The Miocene source rock may be developed in the basin.The northern uplift zone and the eastern uplift zone are favorable zones for oil and gas prospecting.
Oil and gas exploration in the South Lokichar Basin,the East Branch of the Eastern African Rift System(EARS) makes the studied area a hot spot area for oil-gas research and exploration.The Turkana Basin is the largest basin among the basins adjacent to the South Lokichar Basin and its exploration degree is lower.This paper has a discussion on the petroleum geological features and prospecting potential of the basin based on the latest seismic and geological study results.The Turkana Basin is an active rift basin controlled by two periods of volcanic activity.Three sets of sedimentary strata with total thickness of 7000 m have been developed in the basin since the Miocene.The fluvial and deltaic sandstone with good porosity and permeability was developed in the basin.The Pliocene source rock is 50 m thick.The Miocene source rock may be developed in the basin.The northern uplift zone and the eastern uplift zone are favorable zones for oil and gas prospecting.
引文
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[3]Aanyu K,Koehn D.Influence of pre-existing fabrics on fault kinematics and rift geometry of interacting segments:Analogue models based on the Albertine Rift(Uganda),Western Branch-East African Rift System[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2011,59:168-184.
[4]Chorowicz J.The East African Rift System[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2005,43(1):379-410.
[5]徐宁,张杰,史卜庆,等.红海盆地石油地质特征及其油气勘探潜力[J].地学前缘,2014,21(3):155-165.
[6]Bosworth W,Huchon P,Mc Clay K.The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Basins[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2005,43:334-378.
[7]Morley C K,Day R A,Lauck R,et al.Geology and geophysics of the Anza Graben[J].AAPG,1999,44:67-90.
[8]贾屾.肯尼亚北部裂谷盆地类型和演化及其对烃源岩的控制作用[J].海洋地质前沿,2017,33(2):19-25.
[9]Macgregor D.History of the development of the East African Rift system:A series of interpreted maps through time[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2015,101:232-252.
[10]张燕,田作基,温志新,等.东非裂谷系东支油气成藏主控因素及勘探潜力[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):79-85.
[11]Mugisha F,Ebinger C J,Strecker M,et al.Two-stage rifting in the Kenya rift:Implications for half-graben models[J].Tectonophysics,1997,278:63-81.
[12]Africa Oil Corporation.Moving forward to development[EB/OL].[2017].http://www.africaoilcorp.com/i/pdf/Presentation-Oct-2017.pdf.
[13]窦立荣.陆内裂谷盆地的油气成藏风格[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):29-31.
[14]赵伟,韩文明,胡滨,等.东非裂谷Albertine地堑石油地质条件和成藏规律[J].四川地质学报,2016,36(2):275-279.
[15]李登华,李建忠,黄金亮,等.火山灰对页岩油气成藏的重要作用及其启示[J].天然气工业,2014,34(5):56-65.
[16]Talbot M R,Morley C K,Tiercelin J J,et al.Hydrocarbon potential of the Meso-Cenozoic Turkana Depression,northern Kenya.II.Source rocks:quality,maturation,depositional environments and structural control[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(1):63-78.
[17]郭正府,刘嘉麒,贺怀宇,等.火山喷出气体的环境、灾害效应及对火山未来喷发的指示意义[J].地震地质,2003,25(增刊):88-98.
[18]Tiercelin J J,Thuo P,Potdevin J L,et al.Hydrocarbon prospectivity in Mesozoic and Early-Middle Cenozoic rift basins of central and northern Kenya,Eastern Africa[C]//Gao Dengliang,Tectonics and Sedimentation:Implications for Petroleum Systems.Tulsa:AAPG,2012:178-207.
[19]Tiercelin J J,Potdevin J L,Morley C K,et al.Hydrocarbon potential of the Meso-Cenozoic Turkana Depression,northern Kenya.IReservoirs:depositional environments,diagenetic characteristics,and source rock-reservoir relationships[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(1):41-62.