非洲中南部铀矿床研究现状及资源潜力分析
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摘要
非洲中南部是世界上铀资源最为丰富的地区之一,该地区铀资源量约占全球铀资源总量的14%,主要分布在南非、纳米比亚、坦桑尼亚和马拉维,矿床类型以石英—卵石砾岩型、侵入型和砂岩型为主。通过对非洲中南部铀矿床资料进行收集整理,分别解剖了南非德里霍特恩砾岩型金(铀)矿床、纳米比亚罗辛白岗岩型铀矿床和马拉维卡耶勒克拉砂岩型铀矿床。通过对上述典型矿床解剖,对非洲中南部铀矿床研究现状进行了研究总结,并分析了该地区铀资源成矿潜力,圈定了5个找矿远景区。南非、纳米比亚、赞比亚和坦桑尼亚是国内企业赴非洲中南部开展铀资源勘查的重要目的地。
Central and southern Africa is one of the regions with the richest uranium resources in the world,which accounts for 14% of the world total.The uranium ore is mainly distributed in South Africa,Namibia,Tanzania and Malawi.The ore deposit types are quartz-pebble conglomerate type,intrusive type and sandstone type.Through collecting and summarizing research results of uranium deposits in central and southern Africa,we dissect the Driefontein conglomerate-type gold(uranium)deposit in South Africa,the Rssing alaskite-type uranium deposit in Namibia,and the Kayelekera sandstone-type uranium deposit.By dissecting these typical deposits,we summarize the research status and analyse the potential and delineate five prospecting areas.South Africa,Namibia,Zambia and Tanzania are important destinations for domestic enterprises to carry out the exploration of uranium resources in central and southern Africa.
Central and southern Africa is one of the regions with the richest uranium resources in the world,which accounts for 14% of the world total.The uranium ore is mainly distributed in South Africa,Namibia,Tanzania and Malawi.The ore deposit types are quartz-pebble conglomerate type,intrusive type and sandstone type.Through collecting and summarizing research results of uranium deposits in central and southern Africa,we dissect the Driefontein conglomerate-type gold(uranium)deposit in South Africa,the Rssing alaskite-type uranium deposit in Namibia,and the Kayelekera sandstone-type uranium deposit.By dissecting these typical deposits,we summarize the research status and analyse the potential and delineate five prospecting areas.South Africa,Namibia,Zambia and Tanzania are important destinations for domestic enterprises to carry out the exploration of uranium resources in central and southern Africa.
引文
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[3]李强,王建平,徐千琰.世界铀资源概况及供需形势展望[J].中国矿业,2013,22(11):13-18.
[4]王杰,任军平,刘晓阳,等.南非维特沃特斯兰德德里霍特恩(Driefontein)超大型金(铀)矿床[J].矿床地质,2013,32(6):1308-1311.
[5]王杰,任军平,何胜飞,等.南非主要金矿集区研究现状及存在问题[J].地质论评,2014,60(5):997-1008.
[6]任军平,王杰,刘晓阳,等.坦桑尼亚Nzega绿岩带Golden Pride金矿床研究进展[J].地质调查与研究,2013,36(1):47-53.
[7]任军平,王杰,刘晓阳,等.非洲中南部卢弗里安地区Cu-Co矿床研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(5):135-145.
[8]任军平,王杰,许康康,等.赞比亚卢费里安弧地区铀矿(化)特征思考[J].矿物学报,2013(增刊2):1058.
[9]任军平,许康康,相振群,等.南非维特沃特斯兰德盆地绍斯迪普金矿床地质特征、成矿模式和找矿模型[J].地质通报,2015,34(6):1217-1226.
[10]何胜飞,孙凯,王杰,等.坦桑尼亚西北部卡邦加铜镍硫化物矿床研究进展[J].地质调查与研究,2014,37(1):6-12.
[11]何胜飞,刘晓阳,王杰,等.非洲中部基巴拉造山带地质特征与资源潜力分析[J].地质调查与研究,2014,37(3):161-168.
[12]IAEA.Uranium 2014:Resources,production and demand[EB/OL].(2014-09-11)[2016-11-04].http:∥www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2014/7209-uranium-2014.pdf.
[13]WISE Uranium Project.Uranium mine ownership-Africa[EB/OL].(2016-10-17)[2016-11-04]http://www.wise-uranium.org/uoafr.html.
[14]何金祥.非洲地质概要[J].国土资源情报,2001,11:11-13.
[15]De Waele B,Johnson S P,Pisarevsky S A.Palaeoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic growth and evolution of the eastern Congo Craton:Its role in the Rodinia puzzle[J].Precambrian Research,2008,160(1/2):127-141.
[16]IAEA.World distribution of uranium deposits(UPEDO)with uranium deposits classification:2009Edition[EB/OL].(2009-10)[2016-11-04]http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TE_1629_web.pdf.
[17]高阳,范洪海,顾大钊,等.非洲铀资源现状分析[J].世界核地质科学,2014,31(4):561-565.
[18]Dankert B T,Hein K A A.Evaluating the structural character and tectonic history of the Witwatersrand Basin[J].Precambrian Research,2010,177(1/2):1-22.
[19]陈毓川,沈保丰,蔡文彦,等.南非矿山考察简况[J].国外前寒武纪地质,1995,18(2):1-18.
[20]章振根.南非维特瓦特斯兰德金矿床[J].黄金科学技术,1990,3(2):29-30.
[21]Frimmel H E.Archaean atmospheric evolution:Evidence from the Witwatersrand gold fields,South Africa[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2005,70:1-46.
[22]Utter T.The morphology and silver content of gold from the Upper Witwatersrand and Ventersdorp systems of the Klerksdorp goldfield,South Africa[J].Economic Geology,1979,74:27-44.
[23]Phillips G N,Law J D M.Witwatersrand gold fields:Geology,genesis,and exploration[J].Society of Economic Geology Reviews,2000,13:439-500.
[24]Kositcin N,Mcnaughton N J,Griffin B J,et al.Textural and geochemical discrimination between xenotime of different origin in the Archaean Witwatersrand Basin,South Africa[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2003,67(4):709-731.
[25]张立生.威特沃特斯兰德砾岩破碎砾石中的矿化组合[J].世界核地质科学,2003,20(4):199-201.
[26]Eldrige C S,Phillips G N,Myers R E.Sulfides in the Witwatersrand gold fields:New perspectives on old sediments via SHRIMP[J].Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America,1993,25:278.
[27]England G L,Rasmussen B,Krapez B,et al.Palaeoenvironmental significance of rounded pyrite in siliciclastic sequences of the Late Archaean Witwatersrand Basin:Oxygen-deficient atmosphere or hydrothermal evolution[J].Sedimentology,2002,49:1122-1156.
[28]Phillips G N.Metamorphism of the Witwatersrand Gold Field:Conditions during Peak Metamorphism[J].Journal of Metamorphic Geology,1987,5(3):307-322.
[29]Vennemann T W,Kesler S E,O’Neil J R.Stable isotope compositions of quartz pebbles and their fluid inclusions as tracers of sediment provenance:Implications for gold-bearing and Uranium-bearing quartz pebble conglomerates[J].Geology,1992,20(9):837-840.
[30]中国科学院考察团.南非金矿地质考察[J].黄金科学技术,1998,6(1):40-47.
[31]Pretorius D A.The depositional environment of the Witwatersrand Goldfields:A chronological review of speculations and observations[J].Minerals Science and Engineering,1975,7:18-47.
[32]Pretorius D A.Gold in the Proterozoic sediments of South Africa:Systems,paradigms and models[C]∥Wolf K H.Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits.[S.l.]:Elsevier,1976,7:1-27.
[33]Robb L J,Meyer F M.The Nature of the Witwatersrand Hinterland:Conjectures on the source-area problem[C]∥Information Circular 178.Johannesburg:Economic Geology Research Unit,University of the Witwatersrand,1985:25.
[34]Schaefer B F,Pearson D G,Rogers N W,et al.Re-Os isotope and PGE constraints on the timing and origin of gold mineralisation in the Witwatersrand Basin[J].Chemical Geology,2010,276:88-94.
[35]Rssing Uranium-Working for Namibia[EB/OL].(2016-01)[2016-11-04].http://www.rossing.com/riotinto.htm.
[36]Berning J.The Rssing uranium deposit,South West Africa/Namibia[C]∥Annhausser C R,Maske S.Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa.Geological Society of South Africa II,1986,1819-1832.
[37]Smith D A M.The Geology of the area around the Khan and Swakop rivers in South West Africa[D].Johannesburg:University of the Witwatersrand,1965.
[38]高阳,范洪海,陈东欢,等.白岗岩型铀矿床:构造和岩浆作用耦合的产物[J].地质与勘探,2012,48(5):1058-1066.
[39]陈金勇,范洪海,陈东欢,等.纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿矿石结构构造及其成因意义[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2014,33(1):91-97.
[40]陈金勇,范洪海,陈东欢,等.纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿矿物特征研究[J].地质论评,2013,59(5):962-970.
[41]Berning J,Cooke R,Heimstra S A.et al.The Rssing uranium deposit,South West Africa[J].Economic Geology,1976,71:351-368.
[42]Nex P A M,Kinnaird J A,Oliver G J H.Petrology,geochemistry and mineralization of post-collisional magmatism in the southern Central Zone,Damaran Orogen,Namibia[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2001,33,481-502.
[43]王生云,范洪海,顾大钊,等.纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩微量元素地球化学特征[J].铀矿地质,2013,29(5):274-282.
[44]Nex P A M,Herd D,Kinnaird J A.Fluid extraction from quartz in leucogranite as a monitor to styles of uranium mineralization:An example from Rossing area,Namibia[J].Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,2002,2:83-96.
[45]范洪海,陈金勇,顾大钊,等.纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿作用[J].矿床地质,2015,34(1):189-199.
[46]Krner A,Retief E A,Compston W,et al.Single-grain and conventional zircon dating of remobilised basement gneisses in the central Damara Belt of Namibia[J].South African Journal of Geology,1991,94:379-387.
[47]de Kock G S,Walraven F.The age and geochemistry of some syndepositional and early tectonic magmatic rocks southeast of Karibib[C]∥Abstracts,Proterozoic Crustal and Metallogenic Evolution.Sindhoek:Geological Society of Namibia,1994:13.
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