社会资本视角下科特派企业精准扶贫分析
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摘要
科技扶贫已成为精准扶贫的重要力量之一,科技特派员企业作为科技扶贫的重要组成部分,为贫困地区脱贫致富发挥了巨大作用。本文基于科技特派员企业社会资本的视角,选取秦巴山区连片贫困区208家科技特派员农村科技创业企业作为观察样本,利用因子分析法分别从结构型、关系型和认知型3个维度测度了科特派企业的社会资本,并运用似不相关回归模型实证分析了企业社会资本对科特派企业精准扶贫的影响。研究表明,科特派企业结构型、关系型和认知型社会资本对帮扶带动扶贫、产业增收扶贫和投资收益扶贫均有着显著正向影响,科特派企业的社会资本在科特派精准扶贫中发挥着重要的作用。因此,科特派企业应根据自身的区域优势和资源优势,从多维度集聚企业社会资本,建立科特派企业联盟,运用科技创新驱动农业产业融合,构建由政府、高校、合作社和金融组织等多主体参与的多元协同科特派精准扶贫机制,带动区域精准脱贫。
Poverty alleviation by science and technology has become one of the important forces for targeted poverty alleviation. Science and technology correspondent enterprise as an important part of science and technology poverty alleviation has played a huge role in poverty alleviation for the poverty-stricken area. Based on the perspective of social capital of science and technology correspondent enterprise, this study uses the samples of 208 rural scientific and technological correspondent enterprises in the contiguous poverty-stricken area of Qinba mountain area to measure the social capital of scientific and technological correspondent enterprise by using factor analysis from the three dimensions of structure, relationship, and cognition. It also uses the seemingly unrelated regression(SUR) model to empirically analyze the impact of corporate social capital on the targeted poverty alleviation of scientific and technological correspondent enterprise.The research shows that the corporate structural, relational, and cognitive social capitals have significantly positive impacts on poverty alleviation by helping and promoting, industrial income increase and investment income. The social capital of scientific and technological correspondent enterprise plays an important role in the targeted poverty alleviation. Therefore, scientific and technological correspondent enterprise should gather corporate social capital from multiple dimensions according to its own regional advantages and resource advantages to establish corporation alliance of scientific and technological correspondent. It should use technological innovation to drive the agricultural industry convergence, build the targeted poverty alleviation mechanism of scientific and technological correspondent enterprise with the participation of government, universities, cooperatives, financial organizations, and other multi-subjects to lead regional targeted poverty alleviation.
Poverty alleviation by science and technology has become one of the important forces for targeted poverty alleviation. Science and technology correspondent enterprise as an important part of science and technology poverty alleviation has played a huge role in poverty alleviation for the poverty-stricken area. Based on the perspective of social capital of science and technology correspondent enterprise, this study uses the samples of 208 rural scientific and technological correspondent enterprises in the contiguous poverty-stricken area of Qinba mountain area to measure the social capital of scientific and technological correspondent enterprise by using factor analysis from the three dimensions of structure, relationship, and cognition. It also uses the seemingly unrelated regression(SUR) model to empirically analyze the impact of corporate social capital on the targeted poverty alleviation of scientific and technological correspondent enterprise.The research shows that the corporate structural, relational, and cognitive social capitals have significantly positive impacts on poverty alleviation by helping and promoting, industrial income increase and investment income. The social capital of scientific and technological correspondent enterprise plays an important role in the targeted poverty alleviation. Therefore, scientific and technological correspondent enterprise should gather corporate social capital from multiple dimensions according to its own regional advantages and resource advantages to establish corporation alliance of scientific and technological correspondent. It should use technological innovation to drive the agricultural industry convergence, build the targeted poverty alleviation mechanism of scientific and technological correspondent enterprise with the participation of government, universities, cooperatives, financial organizations, and other multi-subjects to lead regional targeted poverty alleviation.
引文
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[12]王雨林,刘胜林.科技特派员制度促进欠发达地区农村反贫困-基于浙江经验的研究[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(9):2325-2329.[Wang Y L,Liu S L.Science&technology commissioner system promotes rural anti-poverty in less-developed areas-research based on Zhejiang experience[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2009,48(9):2325-2329.]
[13]弓晓锋,曾国,刘振涛,等.创新科技特派员服务模式助力精准脱贫[J].安徽农业科学,2016,(34):215-216.[Gong X F,Zeng G,Liu Z T,et al.Precise poverty alleviation supported by innovative science and technology correspondent service model[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,(34):215-216.]
[14]Tsang E W K.Can guanxi be a source of sustained competitive advantage for doing business in China?[J].The Academy of Management Executive(1993-2005),1998,12(2):64-73.
[15]Flora J L.Social capital and communities of place[J].Rural Sociology,1998,63(4):481-506.
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[17]Portes A.Social capital:Its origins and applications in modern sociology[J].Annual Review of Sociology,1998,24(1):1-24.
[18]Michelini J J.Small farmers and social capital in development projects:Lessons from failures in Argentina's rural periphery[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2013,30:99-109.
[19]Putnam R.Bowling alone,America's declining of social capital[J].Journal of Democracy,1995,6(1):65-78.
[20]Tsai W,Ghoshal S.Social capital and value creation:The role of intrafirm networks[J].Academy of Management Journal,1998,41(4):464-476.
[21]Gabbay S,Lecnders R.CSC:The Structure of Advantage and Disadvantage[M].Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1999.
[22]Nahapiet J,Ghoshal S.Chapter 6-social capital,intellectual capital,and the organizational advantage[J].Knowledge and Social Capital,2000,23(2):119-157.
[23]陈强.高级计量经济学及Stata应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.[Chen Q.Advanced Econometrics and Stata Applications[M].Beijing:Advanced Education Press,2010.]
[24]Zellner A.An efficient method of estimating seemingly unrelated regressions and tests for aggregation bias[J].Publications of the American Statistical Association,1962,57(298):348-368.
[25]Zellner A.Estimators for seemingly unrelated equations:Some exact finite sample results[J].Publications of the American Statistical Association,1963,58(304):977-992.
[26]Goldsmith S,Eggers W D.Governing by Network[M].Washington D C:Brookings Institution Press,2005.
[27]张来武.以六次产业理论引领创新创业[J].中国软科学,2016,(1):1-5.[Zhang L W.Directing innovation and entrepreneurship with the sixth industry theory[J].China Soft Science,2016,(1):1-5.]
[2]柏振忠,宋玉娥.农民专业合作社科技扶贫理论逻辑与实践研究[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(18):21-25.[Bai Z Z,Song Y E,Economics A O.Study on theoretical logic and practice of poverty alleviation with science and technology by farmer professional cooperatives[J].Science&Technology Progress&Policy,2017,34(18):21-25.]
[3]谢美娥,谷树忠.新时期我国科技扶贫与NGO发展研究[J].科技进步与对策,2007,24(10):5-9.[Xie M E,Gu S Z.Research on poverty alleviation and NGO development in China in the new era[J].Science&Technology Progress&Policy,2007,24(10):5-9.]
[4]邢成举.科技扶贫、非均衡资源配置与贫困固化-基于对阳县苹果产业科技扶贫的调查[J].中国科技论坛,2017,(1):116-121.[Xing C J.Science and technology poverty alleviation,nonbalanced resource allocation and poverty solidification-based on the investigation of the science and technology poverty alleviation of the apple industry in Yang County[J].Forum on Science&Technology in China,2017,(1):116-121.]
[5]周华强,冯文帅,刘长柱,等.科技扶贫服务体系建设战略研究:实践视角的框架与机制[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(12):22-27.[Zhou H Q,Feng W S,Liu C Z,et al.Strategic study on service system of science and technology to alleviate poverty:Frameworks and mechanisms in practice-oriented view[J].Science&Technology Progress&Policy,2017,34(12):22-27.]
[6]李金龙,修长柏.农业科技特派员制度的国际借鉴研究[J].科学管理研究,2015,(5):91-95.[Li J L,Xiu C B.Learning experiences from other countries to improve technical envoy institution[J].Scientific Management Research,2015,(5):91-95.]
[7]傅晋华,王雅利.我国科技特派员农村科技创业机制研究[J].中国科技论坛,2012,(7):137-141.[Fu J H,Wang Y L.The mechanism of technology entrepreneurship of special commissioners of science and technology in rural areas[J].Forum on Science&Technology in China,2012,(7):137-141.]
[8]张雨,高峰,刘智敏,等.科技特派员制度创新模式与机制研究[J].农业经济问题,2008,(S1):61-65.[Zhang Y,Gao F,Liu Z M,et al.Research on innovation pattern and mechanism of science and technology commissioners system[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2008,(S1):61-65.]
[9]陆敏,解翔.加大科技特派员在促进新农村建设中的作用及发展对策研究[J].科技管理研究,2011,31(11):21-24.[Lu M,Xie X.Strengthen the role of special commissioners of science and technology in the promotion of new rural construction and research on the development strategies[J].Science&Technology Management Research,2011,31(11):21-24.]
[10]檀学文.宁夏科技特派员制度的机制与效果[J].中国农村经济,2007,(4):60-68.[Tan X W.Mechanism and effect of Ningxia science and technology commissioners system[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2007,(4):60-68.]
[11]柴剑峰.科技特派员运行模式创新探索-以四川为例[J].科技管理研究,2011,(18):1-4.[Chai J F.Breakthrough of special commissioners in science and technology-taking Sichuan Province as an example[J].Science&Technology Management Research,2011,(18):1-4.]
[12]王雨林,刘胜林.科技特派员制度促进欠发达地区农村反贫困-基于浙江经验的研究[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(9):2325-2329.[Wang Y L,Liu S L.Science&technology commissioner system promotes rural anti-poverty in less-developed areas-research based on Zhejiang experience[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2009,48(9):2325-2329.]
[13]弓晓锋,曾国,刘振涛,等.创新科技特派员服务模式助力精准脱贫[J].安徽农业科学,2016,(34):215-216.[Gong X F,Zeng G,Liu Z T,et al.Precise poverty alleviation supported by innovative science and technology correspondent service model[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,(34):215-216.]
[14]Tsang E W K.Can guanxi be a source of sustained competitive advantage for doing business in China?[J].The Academy of Management Executive(1993-2005),1998,12(2):64-73.
[15]Flora J L.Social capital and communities of place[J].Rural Sociology,1998,63(4):481-506.
[16]Zhang L,Wang S X,Yu L.Is social capital eroded by the state-led urbanization in China?A case study on indigenous villagers in the urban fringe of Beijing[J].China Economic Review,2015,35:232-246.
[17]Portes A.Social capital:Its origins and applications in modern sociology[J].Annual Review of Sociology,1998,24(1):1-24.
[18]Michelini J J.Small farmers and social capital in development projects:Lessons from failures in Argentina's rural periphery[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2013,30:99-109.
[19]Putnam R.Bowling alone,America's declining of social capital[J].Journal of Democracy,1995,6(1):65-78.
[20]Tsai W,Ghoshal S.Social capital and value creation:The role of intrafirm networks[J].Academy of Management Journal,1998,41(4):464-476.
[21]Gabbay S,Lecnders R.CSC:The Structure of Advantage and Disadvantage[M].Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1999.
[22]Nahapiet J,Ghoshal S.Chapter 6-social capital,intellectual capital,and the organizational advantage[J].Knowledge and Social Capital,2000,23(2):119-157.
[23]陈强.高级计量经济学及Stata应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.[Chen Q.Advanced Econometrics and Stata Applications[M].Beijing:Advanced Education Press,2010.]
[24]Zellner A.An efficient method of estimating seemingly unrelated regressions and tests for aggregation bias[J].Publications of the American Statistical Association,1962,57(298):348-368.
[25]Zellner A.Estimators for seemingly unrelated equations:Some exact finite sample results[J].Publications of the American Statistical Association,1963,58(304):977-992.
[26]Goldsmith S,Eggers W D.Governing by Network[M].Washington D C:Brookings Institution Press,2005.
[27]张来武.以六次产业理论引领创新创业[J].中国软科学,2016,(1):1-5.[Zhang L W.Directing innovation and entrepreneurship with the sixth industry theory[J].China Soft Science,2016,(1):1-5.]