多因素作用下石膏岩软化特性
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摘要
为了研究隧道施工过程中石膏质围岩软化特性,以三叠系下统嘉陵江组地层中的石膏岩为研究对象,进行了多因素正交软化试验研究,分析了浸泡时间、溶液温度、24SO-浓度对石膏岩软化后力学参数的影响规律。研究结果表明:石膏岩的软化系数和弹性模量随着浸泡时间的增加而减小,减小速率也随之降低;软化系数和弹性模量随溶液温度的升高而呈线性减小;在影响石膏岩软化后力学参数3个因素中浸泡时间的影响最大,权值高达80%,温度次之,权重为16%左右,而24SO-浓度对石膏岩的软化影响非常微弱;建立了浸泡时间与溶液温度两个因素耦合作用下石膏岩软化后单轴抗压强度与弹性模量变化情况预测公式。在试验数据及结论的基础上从围岩坚硬程度划分、防排水措施及支护措施等方面提出了石膏围岩隧道的施工措施及建议。
This paper aims to study the softening characteristics of gypsum surrounding rock in the construction process of the tunnel. The multi-factor orthogonal softening experiments were carried out on gypsum rock from Lower Triassic Jialing River Formation. Then we analysed the effects of immersion time, solution temperature and SO_4~(2-)concentration on mechanical parameters of gypsum rock after softening, respectively. The results showed that both the softening coefficient and the elastic modulus decreased with the increase of immersion time, furthermore their decreasing rates showed the same patterns. It was also found that they linearly decreased with increasing the solution temperature. Among these three influencing factors, the immersion time played the most critical role in softening experiments, and its weight was up to 80%. However, the effect of temperature ranked second with its weight of about 16%, and the effect of SO_4~(2-)concentration was very slight. The prediction formulas were established for the elastic modulus and the uniaxial compressive strength of gypsum rock under the coupling action of the immersion time and the solution temperature. By analysing the experimental results, the construction methods and suggestions for gypsum rock tunnels were put forward from the aspects of the division of surrounding rock hardness, prevention and drainage measures and the supporting measures.
This paper aims to study the softening characteristics of gypsum surrounding rock in the construction process of the tunnel. The multi-factor orthogonal softening experiments were carried out on gypsum rock from Lower Triassic Jialing River Formation. Then we analysed the effects of immersion time, solution temperature and SO_4~(2-)concentration on mechanical parameters of gypsum rock after softening, respectively. The results showed that both the softening coefficient and the elastic modulus decreased with the increase of immersion time, furthermore their decreasing rates showed the same patterns. It was also found that they linearly decreased with increasing the solution temperature. Among these three influencing factors, the immersion time played the most critical role in softening experiments, and its weight was up to 80%. However, the effect of temperature ranked second with its weight of about 16%, and the effect of SO_4~(2-)concentration was very slight. The prediction formulas were established for the elastic modulus and the uniaxial compressive strength of gypsum rock under the coupling action of the immersion time and the solution temperature. By analysing the experimental results, the construction methods and suggestions for gypsum rock tunnels were put forward from the aspects of the division of surrounding rock hardness, prevention and drainage measures and the supporting measures.
引文
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[13]高红波,梁卫国,杨晓琴,等.高温盐溶液浸泡作用下石膏岩力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):935-943.GAO Hong-bo,LIANG Wei-guo,YANG Xiao-qin,et al.Experimental study of mechanical property of gypsum rock soaked in hot saturated brine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(5):935-943.
[14]HADIZADEH J.Water-weakening of sandstone and quartzite deformed at various stress and strain rates[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1991,28(5):431-439.
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[16]任松,文永江,姜德义,等.泥岩夹层软化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(11):3110-3116.REN Song,WEN Yong-jiang,JIANG De-yi,et al.Experimental research on softening in mudstone interlayer[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(11):3110-3116.
[17]于东伟,梁卫国,于艳梅,等.常温下不同浓度盐溶液中石膏细观结构衍化研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2013,44(4):470-473.YU Dong-wei,LIANG Wei-guo,YU Yan-mei,et al.Study on gypsum mesoscopic structure derivation under different concentrations of salt at room temperature[J].Journal of Taiyuan Technology University,2013,44(4):470-473.
[18]彭家惠,张建新,白冷,等.天然硬石膏硫酸盐激发剂作用机制研究[C]//第四届全国石膏生产与应用技术交流大会论文集.[出版地不祥]:[出版者不祥],2009:25-32.PENG Jia-hui,ZHANG Jian-xin,BAI Leng,et al.Study on the action mechanism of natural anhydrite sulfate activator[C]//The Fourth National Conference on the Exchange of Gypsum Production and Application Technology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2009:25-32.
[19]《正交试验法》编写组.正交试验法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1976.Compiling Group of Orthogonal Test.Orthogonal test[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1976.
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T23561.7-2009煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.General Administration of Quality Supervision and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.GB/T23561.7-2009 Method for measuring the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009.
[21]王莲芬,许树柏.层次分析法引论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1989.WANG Lian-fen,XU Shu-bo.An introduction to analytic hierarchy process[M].Beijing:Renmin University of China Press,1989.
[22]招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司.JTGD70/2-2014公路隧道设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2014.China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.JTG D70/2-2014Design specification for highway tunnel[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2014.
[2]ARNOULD M.Discontinuity networks in mudstones:a geological approach[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2006,65(4):413-422.
[3]HEGGHEIM T,MADLAND M V,RISNES R,et al.Achemical induced enhanced weakening of chalk by seawater[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2004,46(3):171-184.
[4]杨春和,冒海军,王学潮,等.板岩遇水软化的微观结构及力学特性研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(12):2090-2097.YANG Chun-he,MAO Hai-jun,WANG Xue-chao,et al.Study on variation of microstructure and mechanical properties of water-weakening slates[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(12):2090-2097.
[5]刘长武,陆士良.泥岩遇水崩解软化机制的研究[J].岩土力学,2000,21(1):28-31.LIU Chang-wu,LU Shi-liang.Research on mechanism of mudstone degradation and softening in water[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2000,21(1):28-31.
[6]藤宏伟,任松,姜德义,等.共和隧道页岩饱水软化试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(1):2657-2662.TENG Hong-wei,REN Song,JIANG De-yi,et al.Experimental study of mechanical properties of watersaturated weaken shale in Gonghe tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(1):2657-2662.
[7]刘镇,周翠英,朱凤贤,等.软岩饱水软化过程微观结构演化的临界判据[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):661-666.LIU Zhen,ZHOU Cui-ying,ZHU Feng-xian,et al.Critical criterion for microstructure evolution of soft rocks in softening process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):661-666.
[8]周翠英,谭祥韶,邓毅梅,等.特殊软岩软化的微观机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):394-400.ZHOU Cui-ying,TAN Xiang-shao,DENG Yi-mei,et al.Research on softening micro-mechanism of special soft rock[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(3):394-400.
[9]周翠英,朱凤贤,张磊.软岩饱水试验与软化临界现象研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1709-1715.ZHOU Cui-ying,ZHU Feng-xian,ZHANG Lei.Research on saturation test and softening critical phenomena of soft rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1709-1715.
[10]朱凤贤,周翠英.软岩遇水软化的耗散结构形成机制[J].地球科学--中国地质大学学报,2009,34(3):525-532.ZHU Feng-xian,ZHOU Cui-ying.Forming mechanism of dissipative structure in the softening process of saturated soft rocks[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geo-Sciences,2009,34(3):525-532.
[11]车平,宋翔东,虞翔,等.巢湖地区坟头组泥岩遇水软化特性与机制试验[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(3):396-401.CHE Ping,SONG Xiang-dong,YU Xiang,et al.Experimental study on softening characteristics and mechanism of soaking mudstone from Fentou formation in Chaohu area[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2012,40(3):396-401.
[12]梁卫国,张传达,高红波,等.盐水浸泡作用下石膏岩力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1156-1162.LIANG Wei-guo,ZHANG Chuan-da,GAO Hong-bo,et al.Experimental study of mechanical properties of gypsum saturated in brine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(6):1156-1162.
[13]高红波,梁卫国,杨晓琴,等.高温盐溶液浸泡作用下石膏岩力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):935-943.GAO Hong-bo,LIANG Wei-guo,YANG Xiao-qin,et al.Experimental study of mechanical property of gypsum rock soaked in hot saturated brine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(5):935-943.
[14]HADIZADEH J.Water-weakening of sandstone and quartzite deformed at various stress and strain rates[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1991,28(5):431-439.
[15]黄宏伟,车平.泥岩遇水软化微观机制研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(7):866-870.HUANG Hong-wei,CHE Pin.Research on micromechanism of softening and argillitization of mudstone[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2007,35(7):866-870.
[16]任松,文永江,姜德义,等.泥岩夹层软化试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(11):3110-3116.REN Song,WEN Yong-jiang,JIANG De-yi,et al.Experimental research on softening in mudstone interlayer[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(11):3110-3116.
[17]于东伟,梁卫国,于艳梅,等.常温下不同浓度盐溶液中石膏细观结构衍化研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2013,44(4):470-473.YU Dong-wei,LIANG Wei-guo,YU Yan-mei,et al.Study on gypsum mesoscopic structure derivation under different concentrations of salt at room temperature[J].Journal of Taiyuan Technology University,2013,44(4):470-473.
[18]彭家惠,张建新,白冷,等.天然硬石膏硫酸盐激发剂作用机制研究[C]//第四届全国石膏生产与应用技术交流大会论文集.[出版地不祥]:[出版者不祥],2009:25-32.PENG Jia-hui,ZHANG Jian-xin,BAI Leng,et al.Study on the action mechanism of natural anhydrite sulfate activator[C]//The Fourth National Conference on the Exchange of Gypsum Production and Application Technology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2009:25-32.
[19]《正交试验法》编写组.正交试验法[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1976.Compiling Group of Orthogonal Test.Orthogonal test[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1976.
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T23561.7-2009煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.General Administration of Quality Supervision and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.GB/T23561.7-2009 Method for measuring the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009.
[21]王莲芬,许树柏.层次分析法引论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1989.WANG Lian-fen,XU Shu-bo.An introduction to analytic hierarchy process[M].Beijing:Renmin University of China Press,1989.
[22]招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司.JTGD70/2-2014公路隧道设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2014.China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.JTG D70/2-2014Design specification for highway tunnel[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2014.