石膏质岩膨胀性及其对隧道仰拱影响研究
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摘要
研究石膏质岩的膨胀性,对确保穿越石膏质岩层隧道的仰拱稳定具有重要的实践意义.采用WG型固结仪及TWJ数据采集处理系统,对脱水石膏、硬石膏和石膏进行侧限自由膨胀试验;对脱水石膏和硬石膏进行膨胀力试验.试验结果表明:脱水石膏和硬石膏膨胀应变-时间曲线都表现出"S"形特征;两者膨胀变形明显,膨胀600min时脱水石膏和硬石膏测得的最小膨胀应变分别为9%和0.4%,而石膏膨胀变形不明显,膨胀40d内测得最大膨胀应变只有0.12%;脱水石膏和硬石膏的膨胀应变都随膨胀应力的增大而减小,且膨胀应力与膨胀应变曲线都表现出凹型特征.基于侧限自由膨胀试验结果,建立了脱水石膏和硬石膏的"S"形膨胀应变-时间模型,经验证,该模型优于传统的指数模型;基于膨胀力试验结果,建立了脱水石膏和硬石膏膨胀应力-应变模型;综合实验结果及特征线理论,建立了硬石膏围岩的特征线,用以指导仰拱抗膨胀设计.
Research on the swelling of gypsiferous rock has practical significance on the stability of tunnel invert arch.The WG consolidation apparatus and TWJ data sampling system were employed for tests,including the free swelling tests with lateral restraint of dehydrated gypsum,anhydrite and gypsum and the swelling pressure tests of dehydrated gypsum and anhydrite.The results indicate that the swelling straintime curves of dehydrated gypsum and anhydrite behave as"S"curve.The minimum swelling strain of dehydrated gypsum and anhydrite is 9% and 0.4% at 600 min,respectively,while the maximum strain of gypsum is only 0.12% in 40 days,which indicates that the swelling deformation of gypsum is non-significant.The swelling strains of dehydrated gypsum and anhydrite increase with the increase of swelling stresses,and their swelling stress-strains behave as concave shape curve.Based on the test results,the"S"curve model of swelling strain-time was established,which showed a better fitting result than the exponential model.The swelling stress-strain model was also established.Combing with the characteristic-line theory,the characteristic line for anhydrite rock mass was established,which can give guidance to the design of invert arch.
Research on the swelling of gypsiferous rock has practical significance on the stability of tunnel invert arch.The WG consolidation apparatus and TWJ data sampling system were employed for tests,including the free swelling tests with lateral restraint of dehydrated gypsum,anhydrite and gypsum and the swelling pressure tests of dehydrated gypsum and anhydrite.The results indicate that the swelling straintime curves of dehydrated gypsum and anhydrite behave as"S"curve.The minimum swelling strain of dehydrated gypsum and anhydrite is 9% and 0.4% at 600 min,respectively,while the maximum strain of gypsum is only 0.12% in 40 days,which indicates that the swelling deformation of gypsum is non-significant.The swelling strains of dehydrated gypsum and anhydrite increase with the increase of swelling stresses,and their swelling stress-strains behave as concave shape curve.Based on the test results,the"S"curve model of swelling strain-time was established,which showed a better fitting result than the exponential model.The swelling stress-strain model was also established.Combing with the characteristic-line theory,the characteristic line for anhydrite rock mass was established,which can give guidance to the design of invert arch.
引文
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[12]SL237—1999土工试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999:5-12.SL237—1999Test methods of soils[S].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,1999:5-12.(In Chinese)
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[15]谭罗荣,孔令伟.膨胀土膨胀特性的变化规律研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(10):1555-1559.TAN L R,KONG L W.Study on variation regularity of swelling behavior of expansive soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(10):1555-1559.(In Chinese)
[16]丁振洲,郑颖人.膨胀力变化规律试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1328-1332.DING Z Z,ZHENG Y R.Trial study on variation regularity of swelling force[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(7):1328-1332.(In Chinese)
[17]BERDUGO I R,ALONSO E,RAMON A.Extreme expansive phenomena in anhydritic-gypsiferous claystone:the case of Lilla tunnel[J].Géotechnique,2013,63(7):584-612.
[18]刘晓丽,王思敬,王恩志,等.含时间效应的膨胀岩膨胀本构关系[J].水利学报,2006,37(2):195-199.LIU X L,WANG S J,WANG E Z,et al.Study on time-dependent swelling constitute relation of swelling rock[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(2):195-199.(In Chinese)
[19]BECKER R H,SPELTZ L M.Putting the S-curve concept to work[J].Research Management,1983,26(5):31-33.
[20]LOMBARDI G.Underground openings in swelling rock[C]//Proceedings of the First National Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering.Lahore:Missouri University of Science and Techndogy,1984:25-52
[21]KOVARI K,AMSTAD C H,ANAGNOSTOU G.Design/construction methods—tunnelling in swelling rocks[C]//Proceedings of the 29th U.S.Symposium on Rock Mechanics.Alexandria,Virginia USA:American Rock Mechanics Association1988:17-32.
[2]范秋雁.膨胀岩与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:11-12.FAN Q Y.Swelling rock and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:11-12.(In Chinese)
[3]赵明华,苏永华,刘晓明,等.湘南红砂岩崩解机理研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(1):16-19.ZHAO M H,SU Y H,LIU X M,et al.Research on the mechanics of the swelling and collapse of the red stratum rock mass in south Hunan[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2006,33(1):16-19.(In Chinese)
[4]苏永华,蒋德松,赵明华,等.松软围岩隧道结构稳定可靠性估计[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(2):10-13.SU Y H,JIANG D S,ZHAO M H,et al.Estimation of the stability reliability degree of tunnel structure in soft and loose rock mass[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2006,33(2):10-13.(In Chinese)
[5]杨庆.膨胀岩与巷道稳定[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995:20-21.YANG Q.Swelling rock and roadway stability[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1995:20-21.(In Chinese)
[6]OLDECOP L,ALONSO E.Modelling the degradation and swelling of clayey rocks bearing calcium-sulphate[J].InternationalJournalof Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2012,54:90-102.
[7]刘艳敏,余宏明,汪灿,等.白云岩层中硬石膏岩对隧道结构危害机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,32(9):2704-2708.LIU Y M,YU H M,WANG C,et al.Research on mechanism of damage of anhydrock in dolomite layer to tunnel structure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,32(9):2704-2708.(In Chinese)
[8]罗健.含膏岩系及其对隧道工程的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,1978(1):63-72.LUO J.Gypsum-bearing rock group and its effect on tunnel engineering[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,1978(1):63-72.(In Chinese)
[9]杨庆,廖国华,吴顺川.膨胀岩三维膨胀本构关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(1):33-38.YANG Q,LIAO G H,WU S C.The research of 3-D swelling constitutive relation of swelling rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(1):33-38.(In Chinese)
[10]WITTKE W,PIERAU B.Fundamentals for the design and construction of tunnel in swelling rock[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Society for Rock Mechanics Congress.Salzburg:International Society for Rock Mechanics,1979:210-211.
[11]RAUH F,THURO K.Investigations on the swelling behavior of pure anhydrites[J].Engineering Geology,2007,4(10):527-534.
[12]SL237—1999土工试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999:5-12.SL237—1999Test methods of soils[S].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,1999:5-12.(In Chinese)
[13]白冷,彭家惠,张建新,等.天然硬石膏水化硬化研究[J].非金属矿,2008,31(4):1-3.BAI L,PENG J H,ZHANG J X,et al.Study on hydration and hardening of natural anhydrite[J].Non-Metallic Mines,2008,31(4):1-3.(In Chinese)
[14]陈宗基.岩石力学发展方向[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1990,9(3):175-183.CHEN Z J.Developmental direction of rock mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1990,9(3):175-183.(In Chinese)
[15]谭罗荣,孔令伟.膨胀土膨胀特性的变化规律研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(10):1555-1559.TAN L R,KONG L W.Study on variation regularity of swelling behavior of expansive soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(10):1555-1559.(In Chinese)
[16]丁振洲,郑颖人.膨胀力变化规律试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1328-1332.DING Z Z,ZHENG Y R.Trial study on variation regularity of swelling force[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(7):1328-1332.(In Chinese)
[17]BERDUGO I R,ALONSO E,RAMON A.Extreme expansive phenomena in anhydritic-gypsiferous claystone:the case of Lilla tunnel[J].Géotechnique,2013,63(7):584-612.
[18]刘晓丽,王思敬,王恩志,等.含时间效应的膨胀岩膨胀本构关系[J].水利学报,2006,37(2):195-199.LIU X L,WANG S J,WANG E Z,et al.Study on time-dependent swelling constitute relation of swelling rock[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(2):195-199.(In Chinese)
[19]BECKER R H,SPELTZ L M.Putting the S-curve concept to work[J].Research Management,1983,26(5):31-33.
[20]LOMBARDI G.Underground openings in swelling rock[C]//Proceedings of the First National Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering.Lahore:Missouri University of Science and Techndogy,1984:25-52
[21]KOVARI K,AMSTAD C H,ANAGNOSTOU G.Design/construction methods—tunnelling in swelling rocks[C]//Proceedings of the 29th U.S.Symposium on Rock Mechanics.Alexandria,Virginia USA:American Rock Mechanics Association1988:17-32.