成都市城乡室内氡浓度和γ剂量率调查研究
|
摘要
采用固体核径迹探测器和热释光剂量计,对成都市城镇和乡村的室内氡浓度与γ剂量率进行了测量。按测量时间、建筑结构、楼层、墙体建筑材料以及墙体装修材料对测量结果进行了比较分析。结果表明:成都市城镇和乡村室内氡浓度的均值分别为(39.5±18.1)Bq/m~3和(38.2±16.3)Bq/m~3,均低于世界平均水平;城镇和乡村的γ剂量率均值分别为(120.1±16.1)n Sv/h和(124.4±16.7)n Sv/h,与氡浓度无相关性。研究发现夏季室内氡浓度较高;低层建筑室内氡浓度受周围环境影响较大,高于高层建筑,并且随着楼层的增高室内氡浓度降低;墙体建筑材料和墙体装修材料对室内浓度有显著影响。
This investigation used solid state nuclear track detector and thermolumiescence dosimeter to measure 100 buildings ' indoor radon concentrations and γ dose rates of the urban and ruralareasin Chengdu. After comparative analysis of the results according to the measuring time, construction structures,stories,the building materials and the metope decoration materials,the results show that the average indoor radon concentration of towns and villages are respectively( 39. 5 ± 18. 1) Bq / m~3and( 38. 2 ± 16. 3) Bq /m~3,which are both lower than the world average; theaverage γ dose rate of towns and villages are respectively( 120. 1 ± 16. 1) n Sv / h and( 124. 4 ± 16. 7) n Sv / h,which have no correlation with radon concentration. The study found that the indoor radon concentration is higher in summer; the indoor radon concentrations of low-risebuildings are higher than that of high-rise buildings because greatly influenced by the environment. With the stories increase the radon concentration isreduced; the building materials and the metope decoration materials of the wall have significant influence on indoor concentration.
This investigation used solid state nuclear track detector and thermolumiescence dosimeter to measure 100 buildings ' indoor radon concentrations and γ dose rates of the urban and ruralareasin Chengdu. After comparative analysis of the results according to the measuring time, construction structures,stories,the building materials and the metope decoration materials,the results show that the average indoor radon concentration of towns and villages are respectively( 39. 5 ± 18. 1) Bq / m~3and( 38. 2 ± 16. 3) Bq /m~3,which are both lower than the world average; theaverage γ dose rate of towns and villages are respectively( 120. 1 ± 16. 1) n Sv / h and( 124. 4 ± 16. 7) n Sv / h,which have no correlation with radon concentration. The study found that the indoor radon concentration is higher in summer; the indoor radon concentrations of low-risebuildings are higher than that of high-rise buildings because greatly influenced by the environment. With the stories increase the radon concentration isreduced; the building materials and the metope decoration materials of the wall have significant influence on indoor concentration.
引文
[1]李烔棠,潘丙珍,陈锋.建筑材料与装修材料对室内γ辐射水平的影响[J].南华大学学报,2005,19(9):124-127.
[2]黄玉云,卢志雁.室内的隐形杀手——放射性惰性气体氡[J].大同医科专科学校学报,2000,4:21-22.
[3]UNSCEAR.Source and effects of ionizing radiation[M].UNSCEAR 2008 Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annex.New York,United Nations,2008.
[4]尚兵.中国典型地区室内氡水平的研究[J].工程兵勘探设计,2007,55(5):4.
[5]王春红,潘自强,刘森林,等.我国部分地区居室氡浓度水平调查研究[J].辐射防护,2014,34(2):65-73.
[6]杨明理.KF606B型氡和γ个人剂量计[J].辐射防护,2007,27(4):193-197.
[7]国家住宅与居住环境工程中心.健康住宅建设技术要点[S]//修订版.2002.
[8]UNSCEAR.Source and effects of ionizing radiation[M].UNSCEAR 2000 Report.2000:132-145.
[9]徐立鹏,葛良全,谷懿,等.成都地区室内环境氡浓度和辐射水平调查[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(2):351-356.
[10]纪文英.室内氡污染的监测与分析[J].住宅科技,2005,(1):35-37.
[11]Khan AJ.A study of indoor radon levels in Indian dwellings,influencing factors and lung cancer risks[J].Radiation Measurements,2000,32:87-92.
[12]路克平,王军,赵桂玲,等.常用建筑材料放射性水平测定及居室γ辐射剂量估算[J].中国辐射卫生,2001,10(3):32-33.
[13]李源新,黄治俭,刘广山.金属样品中放射性含量的γ谱测定[J].辐射防护通讯,1989,9(2):46-47.
[14]刘汉钦,肖仁义,曾新元.871防氡涂料的研制[J].辐射防护,1990,10(4):248-254.
[15]朱俊,张文勇,潘亚玲,等.成都市居民住宅内氡浓度水平调查[J].职业卫生与病伤,2002,17:207.
[16]卫生部工业卫生实验所.GB/T 16146—1995住房内氡浓度控制标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[2]黄玉云,卢志雁.室内的隐形杀手——放射性惰性气体氡[J].大同医科专科学校学报,2000,4:21-22.
[3]UNSCEAR.Source and effects of ionizing radiation[M].UNSCEAR 2008 Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annex.New York,United Nations,2008.
[4]尚兵.中国典型地区室内氡水平的研究[J].工程兵勘探设计,2007,55(5):4.
[5]王春红,潘自强,刘森林,等.我国部分地区居室氡浓度水平调查研究[J].辐射防护,2014,34(2):65-73.
[6]杨明理.KF606B型氡和γ个人剂量计[J].辐射防护,2007,27(4):193-197.
[7]国家住宅与居住环境工程中心.健康住宅建设技术要点[S]//修订版.2002.
[8]UNSCEAR.Source and effects of ionizing radiation[M].UNSCEAR 2000 Report.2000:132-145.
[9]徐立鹏,葛良全,谷懿,等.成都地区室内环境氡浓度和辐射水平调查[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(2):351-356.
[10]纪文英.室内氡污染的监测与分析[J].住宅科技,2005,(1):35-37.
[11]Khan AJ.A study of indoor radon levels in Indian dwellings,influencing factors and lung cancer risks[J].Radiation Measurements,2000,32:87-92.
[12]路克平,王军,赵桂玲,等.常用建筑材料放射性水平测定及居室γ辐射剂量估算[J].中国辐射卫生,2001,10(3):32-33.
[13]李源新,黄治俭,刘广山.金属样品中放射性含量的γ谱测定[J].辐射防护通讯,1989,9(2):46-47.
[14]刘汉钦,肖仁义,曾新元.871防氡涂料的研制[J].辐射防护,1990,10(4):248-254.
[15]朱俊,张文勇,潘亚玲,等.成都市居民住宅内氡浓度水平调查[J].职业卫生与病伤,2002,17:207.
[16]卫生部工业卫生实验所.GB/T 16146—1995住房内氡浓度控制标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.