基于三维地震曲率的小断裂识别方法
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摘要
煤层中小断层虽小但常会造成大的安全生产事故,因此小断层的准确预测成为目前煤炭安全生产迫切需要解决的一大难题。基于地震同相轴空间二阶导数的曲率体属性,在刻画地质体构造形态、反映地层界面弯曲程度方面具有独特优势,能够清晰显示煤层中的小断层和微断裂。以新疆某区侏罗系三工河组为例,选取具有较强波峰反射界面TJ3为目的煤层,提取其相干、倾角、方位角、最小负曲率、最大正曲率等属性。通过比较发现,相干、倾角、方位角虽能反映断裂在平面上的展布,但由于存在连续高相干特征和倾角饱和现象,致使小断层显示比较模糊;由于曲率属性与地层的倾角、方位等参数无关,因此小断层在最小负曲率、最大正曲率属性图上反映比较清晰,易于识别。
Although the minor fault is small,but can cause major accident in production safety. The accurate prediction of minor fault becomes a troublesome issue need to be urgently solved in coal production safety at present. The volumetric curvature attribute based on seismic phase axis spatial second-order derivative has unique advantage on aspects of geologic body structural morphology description;stratigraphic interface curving degree reflection etc. can display minor fault and microfracture in coal seam clearly. Taking the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in an area in Xinjiang as example,has selected the TJ3 with stronger wave peak reflector as the target coal seam,extracted attributes of coherence,dip angle,azimuth,minimum negative curvature,maximum positive curvature etc. Through comparison has found that although the coherence,dip angle and azimuth can reflect fault extending on plane,but because of phenomena of continuous high coherence features and dip angle saturation caused minor fault display unclear. Because of curvature attribute has nothing to do with parameters of stratigraphic dip angle and azimuth,thus minor fault can be reflected on minimum negative curvature,maximum positive curvature attributed graphs more clear and easy to be identified.
Although the minor fault is small,but can cause major accident in production safety. The accurate prediction of minor fault becomes a troublesome issue need to be urgently solved in coal production safety at present. The volumetric curvature attribute based on seismic phase axis spatial second-order derivative has unique advantage on aspects of geologic body structural morphology description;stratigraphic interface curving degree reflection etc. can display minor fault and microfracture in coal seam clearly. Taking the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in an area in Xinjiang as example,has selected the TJ3 with stronger wave peak reflector as the target coal seam,extracted attributes of coherence,dip angle,azimuth,minimum negative curvature,maximum positive curvature etc. Through comparison has found that although the coherence,dip angle and azimuth can reflect fault extending on plane,but because of phenomena of continuous high coherence features and dip angle saturation caused minor fault display unclear. Because of curvature attribute has nothing to do with parameters of stratigraphic dip angle and azimuth,thus minor fault can be reflected on minimum negative curvature,maximum positive curvature attributed graphs more clear and easy to be identified.
引文
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[15]张润廷.煤田小构造的曲率属性解释问题研究[J].能源技术与管理,2011(6).
[2]ChopraS.曲率体属性在3D地面地震资料中的应用[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(4):50~58.
[3]Saleh A D,Kurt J M. 3D volumetric multispectral estimates of reflector curvature and rotat ion[J]. Geophysics,2006,71(5):41~51.
[4]Charles H B,Marfurt K J. Volume-based curvature computations illuminate fracture orientat ions-Early to mid-Paleozoic,Central Basin Platform,west Tex as[J]. Geophysics,2006,71(5):159~166.
[5]杨午阳,邓央,徐云泽,等.基于小波变换的曲率体属性提取和重构方法[J].天然气工业,2007,27(5):55~57.
[6]Marfurt K J. Robust estimates of 3D reflect or dip and azimuth[J]. Geophysics,2006,71(4):29~40.
[7]Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L. 3-D broad-b and estimates of reflect or dip and amplitude[J]. Geophysics,2000,65(1):304~320.
[8]Klein P,Richard L,James H.三维曲率体属性:一种新的地震解释方法[J].国外石油动态,2008,(15):23~31.
[9]孔选林,李军,徐天吉,等.三维曲率体地震属性提取技术研究及应用[J].石油天然气学报,2011.
[10]韩必武,刘晓波,李强,等.利用三维地震解释技术识别煤田陷落柱[J].中国煤炭地质,2015,27(09).
[11]程彦.多属性融合技术在三维地震资料解释中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2016,28(10):67-70.
[12]杜文凤,彭苏萍.利用地震层曲率进行煤层小断层预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(Z1):2901-2906.
[13]蒋法文,黄晖,张振生,等.高精度三维地震勘探技术在煤田安全生产中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2014,26(02):60-64.
[14]林建东,任森林,薛明喜,等.页岩气地震识别与预测技术[J].中国煤炭地质,2012,24(8).
[15]张润廷.煤田小构造的曲率属性解释问题研究[J].能源技术与管理,2011(6).