不锈钢酸洗污泥用作炼钢造渣剂的试验
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摘要
酸洗污泥产量大、污染严重且难处理,常规固化填埋占用土地且浪费资源,将酸洗污泥配入电炉作为造渣剂使用,在生产中回收其中金属铁、铬和镍,并发挥CaO、CaF2等辅料功能,可实现污泥在冶金过程的资源化利用。通过FactSage热力学软件计算发现酸洗污泥中的金属铁、铬和镍绝大部分可回收进入金属液中,且金属液硫质量分数最高为0.014%,不会使金属液增硫。在此基础上,将酸洗污泥制成混合造渣剂,通过静态试验与吹氧熔炼试验发现,当造渣剂与酸洗污泥质量比为1∶1时,硫质量分数能够满足钢液要求,铬、镍回收率分别为66.04%和97.90%。
The stainless steel pickling sludge has the characteristics of large yield,serious pollution and difficult disposal. Conventional solidified landfills occupy land and waste resources. The stainless steel pickling sludge is recycled in the steelmaking process as the slagging flux so as to recycle valuable metals of Fe,Cr,and Ni and play the functions of CaO and CaF2. Finally it will achieve the utilization of sludge resources. Thermodynamics calculation by FactSage showed that most valuable elements including Fe,Cr and Ni in the pickling sludge could be recycled into the molten metal,and the sulfur mass percent of the molten metal was up to 0.014%,which would not increase the sulfur mass percent in the molten steel. On this basis,the pickling sludge was made into a mixed slag-forming agent,and static experiments and oxygen blown experiments indicated that the sulfur mass percent could meet the requirement of molten steel,and the recovery rate of valuable metals such as Cr and Ni could reach 66.04% and 97.90% respectively when the ratio of the slagging agent and the pickling sludge was 1∶1.
The stainless steel pickling sludge has the characteristics of large yield,serious pollution and difficult disposal. Conventional solidified landfills occupy land and waste resources. The stainless steel pickling sludge is recycled in the steelmaking process as the slagging flux so as to recycle valuable metals of Fe,Cr,and Ni and play the functions of CaO and CaF2. Finally it will achieve the utilization of sludge resources. Thermodynamics calculation by FactSage showed that most valuable elements including Fe,Cr and Ni in the pickling sludge could be recycled into the molten metal,and the sulfur mass percent of the molten metal was up to 0.014%,which would not increase the sulfur mass percent in the molten steel. On this basis,the pickling sludge was made into a mixed slag-forming agent,and static experiments and oxygen blown experiments indicated that the sulfur mass percent could meet the requirement of molten steel,and the recovery rate of valuable metals such as Cr and Ni could reach 66.04% and 97.90% respectively when the ratio of the slagging agent and the pickling sludge was 1∶1.
引文
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[16]张景,孙映,刘旭隆,等.还原-磁选不锈钢酸洗污泥中的金属[J].过程工程学报,2014,14(5):782.(ZHANG Jing,SUN Ying,LIU Xu-long,et al. Recovery of metals from stainless steel pickling sludge by reduction and magnetic separation[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2014,14(5):782.)
[17]孙亮,张立国,郑志辉,等.冷却造渣剂的研究与应用实践[J].中国冶金,2016,26(12):61.(SUN Liang,ZHANG Li-guo,ZHENG Zhi-hui,et al.Research and application of cooling slagging agent[J].China Metallurgy,2016,26(12):61.)
[2]李山青.冷轧酸洗与轧制技术的发展现状[J].轧钢,2017,34(5):1.(LI Shan-qing. Technology development of cold rolling and pickling[J]. Steel Rolling,2017,34(5):1.)
[3] Ito M,Tachibana R,Fukushima K,et al.Characteristics and production mechanism of sulfuric acid and nitric-hydrofluoric acid pickling sludge produced in manufacture of stainless steel[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan,2004,31(4):589.
[4] Ma G,Garbers-Craig A M. Cr(VI)containing electric furnace dusts and filter cake from a stainless steel waste treatment plant part 1 characteristics and microstructure[J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2006,33(3):229.
[5]冯琦,王强,彭锋.含镍、铬不锈钢尘泥资源化利用探讨[J].中国冶金,2018,28(6):71.(FENG Qi,WANG Qiang,PENG Feng. Investigation on resource utilization of stainless steel sludge containing nickel and chromium[J]. China Metallurgy,2018,28(6):71.)
[6] LI Xiao-ming,XIE Geng,Mirabbos Hojamberdiev,et al.Characterization and recycling of nickel-and chromium-contained pickling sludge generated in production of stainless steel[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology,2014,21(8):3241.
[7] ZHANG Hai-qing,YANG Yu-you,YI Yu-cheng. Effect of sulfate erosion on strength and leaching characteristic of stabilized heavy metal contaminated red clay[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27(3):666.
[8] Ayd?n A A,Ayd?n A.Development of an immobilization process for heavy metal containing galvanic solid wastes by use of sodium silicate and sodium tetraborate[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,270(3):35.
[9] LI Xiao-ming,Mousa Elsayed,ZHAO Jun-xue,et al. Recycling of sludge generated from stainless steel pickling process[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,International,2009,16(5):480.
[10] Singhal A,Tewari V K,Prakash S.Characterization of stainless steel pickling bath sludge and its solidification/stabilization[J].Building and Environment,2008,43(6):1010.
[11] YANG J,ZHANG S G,PAN D A,et al. Treatment method of hazardous pickling sludge by reusing as glass-ceramics nucleation agent[J]. Rare Metals,2016,35(3):269.
[12]张宏华,潘丽铭,潘永智.不锈钢行业铬镍污泥制砖的可行性研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2013,41(3):295.(ZHANG Hong-hua,PAN Li-ming,PAN Yong-zhi.The feasibility study on making bricks with Cr-Ni sludge from the stainless steel industry[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology,2013,41(3):295.)
[13] Shih Pai-Haung,Chang Juu-En,Lu Hsing-Cheng,et al. Reuse of heavy metal-containing sludges in cement production[J].Cem-ent and Concrete Research,2005,35(11):2110.
[14]罗晔,吴瑾,王超.韩国钢铁工业的固体废弃物回收再利用[J].中国冶金,2017,27(10):76.(LUO Ye,WU Jin,WANG Chao.Decovery and reuse of solid waste in South Korean iron and steel industry[J]. China Metallurgy,2017,27(10):76.)
[15]石磊,陈荣欢,王如意.不锈钢冷轧污泥配矿压球工艺及冶金性能研究[J].宝钢技术,2013(2):23.(SHI Lei,CHEN Ronghuan,WANG Ru-yi. Study on metallurgical properties and pellet proportioning technology of stainless steel cold-rolling sludge[J]. Baosteel Technology,2013(2):23.)
[16]张景,孙映,刘旭隆,等.还原-磁选不锈钢酸洗污泥中的金属[J].过程工程学报,2014,14(5):782.(ZHANG Jing,SUN Ying,LIU Xu-long,et al. Recovery of metals from stainless steel pickling sludge by reduction and magnetic separation[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2014,14(5):782.)
[17]孙亮,张立国,郑志辉,等.冷却造渣剂的研究与应用实践[J].中国冶金,2016,26(12):61.(SUN Liang,ZHANG Li-guo,ZHENG Zhi-hui,et al.Research and application of cooling slagging agent[J].China Metallurgy,2016,26(12):61.)