透水沥青路面对洁净水体和地表径流水质的影响
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摘要
透水沥青路面(permeable asphalt parement,PAP)具有减少地表径流,改善雨天行车安全等诸多优点,得到越来越多研究人员的关注。地表径流含有大量污染物,这些污染水体流经透水沥青路面后渗入土基,最终进入地下水中,因此渗入土基的水体质量需要检测。选取16项水质评价指标,利用透水沥青路面渗透装置进行试验,得了由6.3cm多孔沥青混合料、30cm级配碎石、15cm砂垫层组成的透水沥青路面对洁净水体和地表径流污染水水质的影响,并相应地提出了路侧排水设施的设计思路。研究结果表明:自来水经透水沥青路面渗流后,初期渗流水样的各项污染指标均增大;渗流60min后,除石油类污染物,渗流水样的各项污染物含量均小于入渗水体;地表径流经透水沥青路面渗流后,其中重金属的去除效果最好,石油类、动植物油类、BOD(生物需氧量)、COD(化学需氧量)、氨氮、总磷等营养盐的去除效果次之,而氯化物、总氮等无机阴离子和营养盐的去除效果不佳;随着水样采集时间的延长,水体中污染物含量都有不同程度的降低。
Researchers are paying more attention to permeable asphalt pavement(PAP)due to its various advantages including of reducing surface runoff,as well as enhancing driving security in rainy days.Surface runoff contains a large number of pollutants.The contaminated water with large volume of pollutants can permeate into the subgrade through permeable asphalt pavement and finally pass into the underground water.Therefore,the quality of water permeating into the subgrade should be seriously detected.Infiltrate testing apparatus of PAP was used in present study to obtain the influence of PAP on clean water and surface run off,which consisted of a6.3cm thick PAC layer,a 30cm-thick open-graded gravel layer and a 15cm-thick natural sandlayer.Design idea of the roadside drainage facility was put forward for PAP structure.The results show that after the filtration through PAP,the pollutant concentrations of clean water increases at the sampling time of 0min.The pollutions concentrations,except petroleum pollutants,are less than the initial clean water when the sampling time increases to 60 min.PAP has high removal efficiency on heavy metal pollutions,such as Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd.It can effectively remove petroleum animal & vegetable oil,BOD,COD,NH4-N and TP as well.However,PAP is incompetent with the removal of Cl-and TN.With the increase of collection time of samples,the contents for all pollutants in water decrease with different degrees.
Researchers are paying more attention to permeable asphalt pavement(PAP)due to its various advantages including of reducing surface runoff,as well as enhancing driving security in rainy days.Surface runoff contains a large number of pollutants.The contaminated water with large volume of pollutants can permeate into the subgrade through permeable asphalt pavement and finally pass into the underground water.Therefore,the quality of water permeating into the subgrade should be seriously detected.Infiltrate testing apparatus of PAP was used in present study to obtain the influence of PAP on clean water and surface run off,which consisted of a6.3cm thick PAC layer,a 30cm-thick open-graded gravel layer and a 15cm-thick natural sandlayer.Design idea of the roadside drainage facility was put forward for PAP structure.The results show that after the filtration through PAP,the pollutant concentrations of clean water increases at the sampling time of 0min.The pollutions concentrations,except petroleum pollutants,are less than the initial clean water when the sampling time increases to 60 min.PAP has high removal efficiency on heavy metal pollutions,such as Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd.It can effectively remove petroleum animal & vegetable oil,BOD,COD,NH4-N and TP as well.However,PAP is incompetent with the removal of Cl-and TN.With the increase of collection time of samples,the contents for all pollutants in water decrease with different degrees.
引文
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[15]COLLINS S J,RUSSELL R W.Toxicity of road salt to nova scotia amphibians[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(1):320-324.
[16]张蕾,周启星.城市地表径流污染来源的分类与特征[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2272-2279.ZHANG Lei,ZHOU Qi-xing.Research advances on source classification and characteristics of contaminative urban surface runoff[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(11):2272-2279.
[17]ECKLEY C S,BRANFIREUN B.Mercury mobilization in urban stormwater runoff[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,403(1-3):164-177.
[18]JIANG W,SHA A M,XIAO J J,et al.Experimental study on materials composition design and mixture performance of water-retentive asphalt concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2016,111:128-138.
[19]SANSALONE J,ZHENG T.In situ partial exfiltration of rainfall runoff.Ⅱ:particle separation[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2004,130(9):1008-1020.
[2]REVITT D M,LUNDY L,COULON F,et al.The sources,impact and management of car park runoff pollution:a review[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2014,146:552-567.
[3]ZHAO Y Y,PEI Y S.Risk evaluation of groundwater pollution by pesticides in China:a short review[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:1739-1747.
[4]DIETZ M E.Low impact development practices:a review of current research and recommendations for future directions[J].Ecological Chemistry and Engineerings,2015,221(4):351-363.
[5]SANSALONE J,KUANG X,RANIERI V.Permeable pavement as a hydraulic and filtration interface for urban drainage[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2008,134(5):666-674.
[6]COLLINS K A,HUNT W F,HATHAWAY J M.Side-by-side comparison of nitrogen species removal for four types of permeable pavement and standard asphalt in eastern north Carolina[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2010,15(6):512-521.
[7]FASSMAN E A,BLACKBOURN S D.Road runoff water-quality mitigation by permeable modular concrete pavers[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2011,137(11):720-729.
[8]解晓光,王龙,张鑫.不同空隙结构沥青混合料生态效能的研究[J].公路交通科技,2015,32(3):20-25,45.XIE Xiao-guang,WANG Long,ZHANG Xin.Research on ecological efficiency of asphalt mixture with different porosities[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2015,32(3):20-25,45.
[9]解晓光,王龙,徐勇鹏.不同空隙结构沥青混合料对路面径流污染的控制效能[J].武汉理工大学学报:交通科学与工程版,2014,38(1):51-54.XIE Xiao-guang,WANG Long,XU Yong-peng.Controlling efficiency of runoff pollutant by porous asphalt[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Transportation Science&Engineering,2014,38(1):51-54.
[10]解晓光,王龙.基于减少路表径流污染的多孔沥青混合料设计[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(10):1502-1506.XIE Xiao-guang,WANG Long.Porous asphalt design based on decreasing runoff pollutant[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2013,41(10):1502-1506.
[11]崔珍珍.透水路面结构层雨水入渗与水质净化性能及机理研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013.CUI Zhen-zhen.Study on performance and mechanisms of stormwater infiltration and water purification of permeable pavement layers[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2013.
[12]DONG T T T,LEE B K.Characteristics,toxicity,and source apportionment of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in road dust of Ulsan,Korea[J].Chemosphere,2009,74(9):1245-1253.
[13]CAMPONELLI K M,CASEY R E,SNODGRASS J W,et al.Impacts of weathered tire debris on the development of Rana sylvatica larvae[J].Chemosphere,2009,74(5):717-722.
[14]郭广慧,雷梅,陈同斌,等.交通活动对公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属含量的影响[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(10):1937-1945.GUO Guang-hui,LEI Mei,CHEN Tong-bin,et al.Effect of road traffic on heavy metals in road dusts and roadside soils[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(10):1937-1945.
[15]COLLINS S J,RUSSELL R W.Toxicity of road salt to nova scotia amphibians[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(1):320-324.
[16]张蕾,周启星.城市地表径流污染来源的分类与特征[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2272-2279.ZHANG Lei,ZHOU Qi-xing.Research advances on source classification and characteristics of contaminative urban surface runoff[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(11):2272-2279.
[17]ECKLEY C S,BRANFIREUN B.Mercury mobilization in urban stormwater runoff[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,403(1-3):164-177.
[18]JIANG W,SHA A M,XIAO J J,et al.Experimental study on materials composition design and mixture performance of water-retentive asphalt concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2016,111:128-138.
[19]SANSALONE J,ZHENG T.In situ partial exfiltration of rainfall runoff.Ⅱ:particle separation[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2004,130(9):1008-1020.
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