非淹没刚性植被影响下孤立波在岸滩上的爬高
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摘要
为探究海岸刚性植被对海啸波的削弱效应,通过物理模型试验和数值模拟研究了孤立波与不同坡度岸滩上非淹没刚性植被的相互作用问题。物理模型试验在波浪槽中进行,测试了不同的入射波波高、植被密度和岸滩坡度对孤立波爬高的影响,并运用物理模型试验数据校核改进后的Boussinesq方程,得到植被的拖曳力系数。结果表明:拖曳力系数随植被密度的增大而增大,随坡度增大而减小;植被后的无量纲透射波高和无量纲岸滩爬高随着无量纲的入射波高的增大而减小,随着植被密度的增大而减小;当岸滩坡度增大时,无量纲透射波高增大而无量纲爬高并无显著差异。最后根据回归分析得出了岸滩爬高与相对入射波高、植被密度和岸滩坡度的幂函数型经验关系式。
To investigate the mitigation of tsunami waves by coastal rigid vegetation, the interaction between a solitary wave and unsubmerged rigid vegetation on different beach slopes was studied by both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. The laboratory experiments were conducted in a wave flume, and the effects of different incident wave heights, vegetation densities and beach slopes on the wave run-up were examined. Boussinesq equations were improved and validated by the experimental data, based on which the drag force coefficient of vegetation was obtained. The results show that the drag coefficient increases with the increase of vegetation density but decreases with the increase of beach slope. The dimensionless transmitted wave height behind the vegetation and the subsequent dimensionless run-up height on the slope decrease with both the increase of the dimensionless incident wave height and the vegetation density. When the beach slope is increased, the dimensionless transmitted wave height increases but the variation of the dimensionless run-up height is insignificant. Finally, an empirical power-law relation is obtained to predict the dimensionless wave run-up height through the dimensionless wave height, the vegetation density and the beach slope by regression analysis.
To investigate the mitigation of tsunami waves by coastal rigid vegetation, the interaction between a solitary wave and unsubmerged rigid vegetation on different beach slopes was studied by both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. The laboratory experiments were conducted in a wave flume, and the effects of different incident wave heights, vegetation densities and beach slopes on the wave run-up were examined. Boussinesq equations were improved and validated by the experimental data, based on which the drag force coefficient of vegetation was obtained. The results show that the drag coefficient increases with the increase of vegetation density but decreases with the increase of beach slope. The dimensionless transmitted wave height behind the vegetation and the subsequent dimensionless run-up height on the slope decrease with both the increase of the dimensionless incident wave height and the vegetation density. When the beach slope is increased, the dimensionless transmitted wave height increases but the variation of the dimensionless run-up height is insignificant. Finally, an empirical power-law relation is obtained to predict the dimensionless wave run-up height through the dimensionless wave height, the vegetation density and the beach slope by regression analysis.
引文
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[2]VERMAAT J E,THAMPANYA U.Mangroves mitigate tsunami damage:a further response[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,69(1/2):1-3.
[3]LIN P.A numerical study of solitary wave interaction with rectangular obstacles[J].Coastal Engineering,2004,51(1):35-51.
[4]HUANG Z,YAO Y,SIM S Y,et al.Interaction of solitary waves with emergent,rigid vegetation[J].Ocean Engineering,2011,38(10):1080-1088.
[5]IIMURA K,TANAKA N.Numerical simulation estimating effects of tree density distribution in coastal forest on tsunami mitigation[J].Ocean Engineering,2012,54(4):223-232.
[6]蒋昌波,王瑞雪,陈杰,等.非淹没刚性植物对孤立波传播变形影响实验[J].长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,9(2):50-56.(JIANG Changbo,WANGRuixue,CHEN Jie,et al.Laboratory investigation on solitary wave transformation through the emergent rigid vegetation[J].Journal of Changsha University of Science&Technology(Natural Science),2012,9(2):50-56.(in Chinese))
[7]STRUSISKA-CORREIA A,HUSRIN S,OUMERACI H.Tsunami damping by mangrove forest:a laboratory study using parameterized trees[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2013,13(2):483-503.
[8]何飞,陈杰,蒋昌波,等.植物带影响下孤立波沿程波高衰减特性试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2018,38(1):75-82.(HE Fei,CHEN Jie,JIANG Changbo,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of solitary wave height attenuation under effects of a vegetation belt[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2018,38(1):75-82.(in Chinese))
[9]IRTEM E,GEDIK N,KABDASLI M S,et al.Coastal forest effects on tsunami run-up heights[J].Ocean Engineering,2009,36(3/4):313-320.
[10]YAO Y,DU R,JIANG C,et al.Experimental study of reduction of solitary wave run-up by emergent rigid vegetation on a beach[J].Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami,2015,9(5):1-17.
[11]闫静,陈扬,戴坤,等.含淹没植物明渠近床面区紊流特征高度试验研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(5):28-33.(YAN Jing,CHEN Yang,DAI Kun,et al.Experimental study on turbulence characteristic height near bed area in open channel flow with submerged vegetation[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2016,36(5):28-33.(in Chinese))
[12]TANG J,CAUSON D,MINGHAM C,et al.Numerical study of vegetation damping effects on solitary wave run-up using the nonlinear shallow water equations[J].Coastal Engineering,2013,75(5):21-28.
[13]MAZA M,LARA J L,LOSADA I J.A coupled model of submerged vegetation under oscillatory flow using NavierStokes equations[J].Coastal Engineering,2013,80:16-34.
[14]姚宇,杜睿超,袁万成,等.斜坡非淹没刚性植被影响下孤立波爬高的研究[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2015,30(5):506-515.(YAO Yu,DU Ruichao,YUANWancheng,et al.Investigation of solitary wave run up on a slope under the effect of emergent,rigid vegetation[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2015,30(5):506-515.(in Chinese))
[15]LYNETT P J,WU T R,LIU L F.Modeling wave runup with depth-integrated equations[J].Coastal Engineering,2002,46(2):89-107.
[16]KENNEDY A B,CHEN Q,KIRBY J T,et al.Boussinesq modeling of wave transformation,breaking,and runup.I:1D[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,2000,126(1):39-47.
[17]LYNETT P J,LIU P L F,SITANGGANG K I,et al.Modeling wave generation,evolution,and interaction with depthintegrated,dispersive wave equations COULWAVEcode manual[R].Ithace:Cornell University,2002.
[18]SYNOLAKIS C E.The runup of solitary waves[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1987,185:523-545.
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