旁孔透射波法检测既有工程桩进展与趋势
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摘要
对设计或施工记录已难以查询的工程结构,出现有如拟通行更大载重车辆而需提高桥梁桩基承载力,震后检验桩基是否受损,或长期冲刷作用下桩基承载力评估,此时对已连接上部结构的既有工程桩进行长度和完整性的检测就会显得尤为重要。针对既有工程桩检测难题而提出的旁孔透射波法被认为是最有应用前景的方法之一。旁孔透射波法是通过在桩顶承台或桩侧激振,在平行桩身测孔中检波并分析走时而进行桩长或完整性检测。本文阐述了旁孔透射波法的检测方法,综述了旁孔透射波的最新研究进展,展望了未来的发展趋势,以期进一步推广和完善旁孔透射波法的工程应用。
Many old engineering structures lack the necessary design information or construction records. Knowing the length and integrity information for load capacity assessment becomes important when such situations as a planned change in loading,evaluation integrity after the earthquake occurs,or a need for new scour analysis. Parallel seismic( PS) test is one of the most promising methods that can be used to deal with such difficulties,which is used for determination of the unknown or undocumented depth of foundation piles. PS is based on impulse generation on bearing platform or pile side and registration of travel times in the borehole parallel to the foundation pile. The testing procedures and equipments of PS were elaborated. The progresses for evaluation of the pile tip depth and defects of pile shaft were reviewed. Deficiencies of PS test in existing pile testing were summarized. Suggestions were made for future research,hoping to promote the engineering application of PS test.
Many old engineering structures lack the necessary design information or construction records. Knowing the length and integrity information for load capacity assessment becomes important when such situations as a planned change in loading,evaluation integrity after the earthquake occurs,or a need for new scour analysis. Parallel seismic( PS) test is one of the most promising methods that can be used to deal with such difficulties,which is used for determination of the unknown or undocumented depth of foundation piles. PS is based on impulse generation on bearing platform or pile side and registration of travel times in the borehole parallel to the foundation pile. The testing procedures and equipments of PS were elaborated. The progresses for evaluation of the pile tip depth and defects of pile shaft were reviewed. Deficiencies of PS test in existing pile testing were summarized. Suggestions were made for future research,hoping to promote the engineering application of PS test.
引文
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[2]DAVIS A G,DUNN C S.From theory to field experience with the non-destructive vibration testing of piles[J].Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings,1974,57(4):571-593.
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[5]张敬一,陈龙珠,马晔,等.在役基桩检测方法的数值模拟研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(21):92-96.
[6]张敬一,陈龙珠.基于小波变换的反射波法检测基桩[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(6):179-183.
[7]柴华友,刘明贵,白世伟,等.应力波在承台-桩系统中传播数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(5):624-628.
[8]DAVIS A G.Nondestructive evaluation of existing deep foundations[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,1995,9(1):57-74.
[9]OLSON L D,LIU M,AOUAD M F.Borehole NDT techniques for unknown subsurface bridge foundation testing[J].Proceedings of SPIE,Nondestructive Evaluation of Bridges and Highways,1996,2946:10-16.
[10]LO K F,NI S H,HUANG Y H,et al.Measurement of unknown bridge foundation depth by parallel seismic method[J].Experimental Techniques,2009,33(1):23-27.
[11]LIAO S T,TONG J H,CHEN C H,et al.Numerical simulation and experimental study of parallel seismic test for piles[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,2006,43(7-8):2279-2298.
[12]陈龙珠,赵荣欣.旁孔透射波法确定桩底深度计算方法评价[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(1):157-161.
[13]ZHANG J Y,CHEN L Z.Discussion of a study on the application of the parallel seismic method in pile testing[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2014,67(12):370-371.
[14]ZHANG J Y,CHEN L Z,ZHU J Y.Theoretical basis and numerical simulation of parallel seismic test for existing piles using flexural wave[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2016,84(5):13-21.
[15]吴宝杰,杨桦.联合平行地震法和磁法检测预应力混凝土长管桩的长度[J].工程质量,2009,27(1):27-29.
[16]吴宝杰,姬美秀,杨桦,等.灌注桩钢筋笼长度及长桩桩长无损检测技术研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2012,9(3):371-374.
[17]KENAI S,BAHAR R.Evaluation and repair of Algiers new airport building[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2003,25(6):633-641.
[18]SACK D A,SLAUGHTER S H,OLSON L D.Combined measurement of unknown foundation depths and soil properties with nondestructive evaluation methods[J].Transportation Research Record,2004,1868:76-80.
[19]YU X,FANG J,LIN G.Seismic CPTu to assist the design on existing foundations[C]//Geo Shanghai International Conference.Shanghai,2010:169-177.
[20]HUANG D Z,CHEN L Z.Studies on parallel seismic testing for integrity of cemented soil columns[J].Journal of Zhejiang University Science A,2007,8(11):1746-1753.
[21]黄大治,陈龙珠.旁孔透射波法检测既有建筑物桩基的三维有限元分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1569-1574.
[22]NI S H,HUANG Y H,ZHOU X M,et al.Inclination correction of the parallel seismic test for pile length detection[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2011,38(2):127-132.
[23]NIEDERLEITHINGER E.Improvement and extension of the parallel seismic method for foundation depth measurement[J].Soils and Foundations,2012,52(6):1093-1101.
[24]LU Z T,WANG Z L,LIU D J.A study on the application of the parallel seismic method in pile testing[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2013,55:255-262.
[25]HUANG Y H,NI S H.Experimental study for the evaluation of stress wave approaches on a group pile foundation[J].NDT&E International,2012,47:134-143.
[26]张敬一,张理轻,陈龙珠,等.激振方式对旁孔透射波法检测既有工程桩的影响分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2015,35(2):180-185.
[27]张敬一,陈龙珠,宋春霞,等.旁孔透射波法与反射波法检测基桩的对比分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2013,45(8):99-104.
[28]杜烨,陈龙珠,张敬一,等.缺陷桩的旁孔透射波法检测分析原理研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2013,47(10):1562-1568.
[29]WANG H,CHANG T P,WANG J J.Response analysis of concrete piles subjected to lateral impact[J].Journal of Marine Science and Technology,2010,18(6):848-859.
[2]DAVIS A G,DUNN C S.From theory to field experience with the non-destructive vibration testing of piles[J].Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings,1974,57(4):571-593.
[3]DAVIS A G.The nondestructive impulse response test in North America:1985—2001[J].NDT&E International,2003,36(4):185-193.
[4]BIAN Y,HUTCHINSON T,WILSON D,et al.Experimental investigation of grouted helical piers for use in foundation rehabilitation[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,2008,134(9):1280-1289.
[5]张敬一,陈龙珠,马晔,等.在役基桩检测方法的数值模拟研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(21):92-96.
[6]张敬一,陈龙珠.基于小波变换的反射波法检测基桩[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(6):179-183.
[7]柴华友,刘明贵,白世伟,等.应力波在承台-桩系统中传播数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(5):624-628.
[8]DAVIS A G.Nondestructive evaluation of existing deep foundations[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,1995,9(1):57-74.
[9]OLSON L D,LIU M,AOUAD M F.Borehole NDT techniques for unknown subsurface bridge foundation testing[J].Proceedings of SPIE,Nondestructive Evaluation of Bridges and Highways,1996,2946:10-16.
[10]LO K F,NI S H,HUANG Y H,et al.Measurement of unknown bridge foundation depth by parallel seismic method[J].Experimental Techniques,2009,33(1):23-27.
[11]LIAO S T,TONG J H,CHEN C H,et al.Numerical simulation and experimental study of parallel seismic test for piles[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,2006,43(7-8):2279-2298.
[12]陈龙珠,赵荣欣.旁孔透射波法确定桩底深度计算方法评价[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(1):157-161.
[13]ZHANG J Y,CHEN L Z.Discussion of a study on the application of the parallel seismic method in pile testing[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2014,67(12):370-371.
[14]ZHANG J Y,CHEN L Z,ZHU J Y.Theoretical basis and numerical simulation of parallel seismic test for existing piles using flexural wave[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2016,84(5):13-21.
[15]吴宝杰,杨桦.联合平行地震法和磁法检测预应力混凝土长管桩的长度[J].工程质量,2009,27(1):27-29.
[16]吴宝杰,姬美秀,杨桦,等.灌注桩钢筋笼长度及长桩桩长无损检测技术研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2012,9(3):371-374.
[17]KENAI S,BAHAR R.Evaluation and repair of Algiers new airport building[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2003,25(6):633-641.
[18]SACK D A,SLAUGHTER S H,OLSON L D.Combined measurement of unknown foundation depths and soil properties with nondestructive evaluation methods[J].Transportation Research Record,2004,1868:76-80.
[19]YU X,FANG J,LIN G.Seismic CPTu to assist the design on existing foundations[C]//Geo Shanghai International Conference.Shanghai,2010:169-177.
[20]HUANG D Z,CHEN L Z.Studies on parallel seismic testing for integrity of cemented soil columns[J].Journal of Zhejiang University Science A,2007,8(11):1746-1753.
[21]黄大治,陈龙珠.旁孔透射波法检测既有建筑物桩基的三维有限元分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1569-1574.
[22]NI S H,HUANG Y H,ZHOU X M,et al.Inclination correction of the parallel seismic test for pile length detection[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2011,38(2):127-132.
[23]NIEDERLEITHINGER E.Improvement and extension of the parallel seismic method for foundation depth measurement[J].Soils and Foundations,2012,52(6):1093-1101.
[24]LU Z T,WANG Z L,LIU D J.A study on the application of the parallel seismic method in pile testing[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2013,55:255-262.
[25]HUANG Y H,NI S H.Experimental study for the evaluation of stress wave approaches on a group pile foundation[J].NDT&E International,2012,47:134-143.
[26]张敬一,张理轻,陈龙珠,等.激振方式对旁孔透射波法检测既有工程桩的影响分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2015,35(2):180-185.
[27]张敬一,陈龙珠,宋春霞,等.旁孔透射波法与反射波法检测基桩的对比分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2013,45(8):99-104.
[28]杜烨,陈龙珠,张敬一,等.缺陷桩的旁孔透射波法检测分析原理研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2013,47(10):1562-1568.
[29]WANG H,CHANG T P,WANG J J.Response analysis of concrete piles subjected to lateral impact[J].Journal of Marine Science and Technology,2010,18(6):848-859.
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