白云鄂博磁选精矿中磷的赋存状态
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摘要
经选矿得到的白云鄂博铁精矿中磷质量分数普遍高于一般铁矿,为了综合利用白云鄂博铁精矿资源,脱除矿中的有害元素磷显得尤为关键,因此,有必要系统地研究白云鄂博铁精矿中磷的赋存状态及嵌布特征。通过测定不同粒级白云鄂博铁精矿的化学成分,研究铁品位、磷质量分数与矿粉粒度之间的相互关系;利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱仪并辅以自动矿物分析系统确定白云鄂铁精矿的物相组成、含磷矿物与含铁矿物及周围脉石的嵌布关系;并运用图像处理软件Image Pro-Plus对含磷矿物的尺寸进行统计。研究结果表明,随着铁精矿粒度由150~250μm减小到小于45μm,铁品位由56.20%升高到67.60%,磷质量分数由0.122%降低到0.044%;矿中磷元素主要以独居石和磷灰石(含氟磷灰石)的形式存在,其中独居石占总磷量的15.38%,磷灰石占总磷量的84.62%,脱除以磷灰石形式存在的磷元素是脱磷的关键;含磷矿物的平均直径为51.66μm,多被脉石矿物包裹,或与磁铁矿紧密相邻,其周围的脉石矿物主要有碳酸盐类云石矿物、硅酸盐类闪石矿物以及硅铝酸盐类云母矿物;其含磷矿物嵌布关系较为复杂,通过磁选很难将该矿中磷质量分数脱除到一定范围;为磷的脱除奠定了基础。
The phosphorus content of the Bayan Obo iron concentrate obtained through beneficiation is generally higher than that of the general iron ore.In order to comprehensively utilize the resource of Bayan Obo iron ore concentrate,it is important to remove the harmful element of phosphorus in the ore. Therefore,it is necessary to systematically study the existing state and embedding characteristics of phosphorus in Bayan Obo iron concentrate. The relationship of the iron and phosphorus content versus the particle size of iron ore concentrate was studied by measuring the chemical composition of different ore grades. Moreover,the phase composition,the embedded relationship among the phosphorus-bearing minerals,the iron-bearing minerals and surrounding gangue were determined through. X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer and the automatic mineral analysis system Meanwhile,the particle size of phosphorus-containing minerals were statistically analyzed by the Image Pro-Plus software. The results show that the iron content increases from 56.20% to 67.60% and the phosphorus content decreases from 0.122% to 0.044%,as the iron ore concentrate size decreases from 150-250 μm to less than 45 μm. The phosphorus element in the ore exists in the form of monazite and apatite(including fluorine apatite),and monazite accounts for 15.38% of and apatite is 84.62%.Obviously,apatite elimination is the key to dephosphorization. In addition,the average diameter of phosphorus-bearing minerals is 51.66 μm. They are surrounded by gangue or closely adjacent to magnetite. The main gangues are carbonate marble minerals,silicate amphibole minerals and aluminosilicate mica minerals around the phosphorus-containing minerals. The embedded relationship in the phosphorus-containing mineral is complex,and largely reducing the phosphate content through the magnetic separation is difficult. Therefore,the experimental result lays the foundation for the removal of phosphorus from the Bayan Obo magnetic concentrate.
The phosphorus content of the Bayan Obo iron concentrate obtained through beneficiation is generally higher than that of the general iron ore.In order to comprehensively utilize the resource of Bayan Obo iron ore concentrate,it is important to remove the harmful element of phosphorus in the ore. Therefore,it is necessary to systematically study the existing state and embedding characteristics of phosphorus in Bayan Obo iron concentrate. The relationship of the iron and phosphorus content versus the particle size of iron ore concentrate was studied by measuring the chemical composition of different ore grades. Moreover,the phase composition,the embedded relationship among the phosphorus-bearing minerals,the iron-bearing minerals and surrounding gangue were determined through. X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer and the automatic mineral analysis system Meanwhile,the particle size of phosphorus-containing minerals were statistically analyzed by the Image Pro-Plus software. The results show that the iron content increases from 56.20% to 67.60% and the phosphorus content decreases from 0.122% to 0.044%,as the iron ore concentrate size decreases from 150-250 μm to less than 45 μm. The phosphorus element in the ore exists in the form of monazite and apatite(including fluorine apatite),and monazite accounts for 15.38% of and apatite is 84.62%.Obviously,apatite elimination is the key to dephosphorization. In addition,the average diameter of phosphorus-bearing minerals is 51.66 μm. They are surrounded by gangue or closely adjacent to magnetite. The main gangues are carbonate marble minerals,silicate amphibole minerals and aluminosilicate mica minerals around the phosphorus-containing minerals. The embedded relationship in the phosphorus-containing mineral is complex,and largely reducing the phosphate content through the magnetic separation is difficult. Therefore,the experimental result lays the foundation for the removal of phosphorus from the Bayan Obo magnetic concentrate.
引文
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[15]高鹏,韩跃新,李艳军,等.白云鄂博氧化矿石深度还原-磁选试验研究[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2010,31(6):86.(GAO Peng,HAN Yue-xin,LI Yan-jun,et al.Testing investigation on the reduction magnetic separation of oxide ore from Bayan Obo[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2010,31(6):86.)
[16]陈杏婕,倪文,范敦城,等.白云鄂博矿工艺矿物学研究[C]//第五届尾矿与冶金渣综合利用技术研讨会论文集.北京:中国硅酸盐学会,2014:32.(CHEN Xing-jie,NI Wen,FAN Duncheng,et al.Study on process mineralogy of Bayan Obo ore[C]//Proceedings of the 5th National Symposium on Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings and Metallurgical Slag.Beijing:The Chinese Ceramic Society,2014:32.)
[17]姜鑫,沈峰满,王琳,等.预还原烧结技术综合利用高炉粉尘的技术分析[C]//2014年全国炼铁生产技术会暨炼铁学术年会文集(下).河南:中国金属学会,2014:5.(JIANG Xin,SHEN Feng-man,WANG Lin,et al.Technical analysis of comprehensive utilization of blast furnace dust in pre-reduction sintering technology[C]//The 2014 National Ironmaking Production Technology Conference and the Annual Meeting of Ironmaking(The Second Volume).Henan:The Chinese Society for Metals,2014:5.)
[18]Machida S,Sato H,Takeda K.Development of the process for producing pre-reduced agglomerates[J].JFE Technical Report,2009(13):7.
[2]李海洋.包钢转炉渣微波碳热还原脱磷研究[D].包头:内蒙古科技大学,2015.(LI Hai-yang.Dephosphorization Research of Baotou Converter Slag by Microwave Heating and Carbon Thermal Reduction[D].Baotou:Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,2015.)
[3]黄凯,修祎帆,郭占成,等.高磷铁矿脱磷技术现状及磷资源化提取新方法[J].钢铁,2016,51(10):1.(HUANG Kai,XIU Yi-fan,GUO Zhan-cheng,et al.Advance in dephosphorisation of high phosphorus iron ore and new technology of recovering phosphorus as a resource[J].Iron and Steel,2016,51(10):1.)
[4]YU J T,GUO Z C,TANG H Q.Dephosphorization treatment of high phosphorus oolitic iron ore by hydrometallurgical process and leaching kinetics[J].ISIJ International,2013,53(12):2056.
[5]Zhang Y,Muhammed M.The removal of phosphorus from iron ore by leaching with nitric acid[J].Hydrometallurgy,1989,21(3):255.
[6]WANG G,LIU J,WANG J S,et al.Dephosphorisation of high phosphorus oolitic hematite by carbon composite pre-reduction and fast melting separation[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2015,42(9):689.
[7]唐惠庆,刘伟迪,马龙,等.微波辐照对鲕状高磷铁矿除磷工艺的影响[J].重庆大学学报,2014,37(3):35.(TANG Huiqing,LIU Wei-di,MA Long,et al.Influence of microware radiation on phosphorus-removal process of oolitic high-phosphorus iron ore fine[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2014,37(3):35.)
[8]BAI S J,WEN S M,LIU D W,et al.Catalyzing carbothermic reduction of siderite ore with high content of phosphorus by adding sodium carbonate[J].ISIJ International,2011,51(10):1601.
[9]YU Y,QI C.Magnetizing roasting mechanism and effective ore dressing process for oolitic hematite ore[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Materials:Natural Science,2011,26(2):176.
[10]佘雪峰,王静松,丰富,等.白云鄂博稀土复合铁矿直接还原过程机制[J].稀有金属,2017,41(1):72.(SHE Xue-feng,WANG Jing-song,FENG Fu,et al.Mechanism of reduction process about rare earth Bayan obo complex iron by graphite[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2017,41(1):72.)
[11]成成,薛庆国,王静松,等.高磷铁矿含磷矿物与脉石相碳热还原机理[J].钢铁研究学报,2016,28(4):8.(CHENG Cheng,XUE Qing-guo,WANG Jing-song,et al.Carbothermal reduction mechanism of fluorapatite and gangue in high phosphorus iron ore[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2016,28(4):8.)
[12]LI G H,ZHANG S H,RAO M J,et al.Effects of sodium salts on reduction roasting and Fe-P separation of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2013,124:26.
[13]柴辛娜,李明,金振民,等.鄂西晚泥盆世含磷鲕状铁矿石中磷的赋存状态与形成[J].中国地质大学学报,2011,36(3):440.(CHAI Xin-na,LI Ming,JIN Zhen-min,et al.Occurrence and formation of phosphorus in late devonian phosphate-bearing ooidalironstones from western Hubei[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(3):440.)
[14]何鹏,王海风,高建军.温度对高磷鲕状赤铁矿含碳球团直接还原影响[J].中国冶金,2016,26(4):10.(HE Peng,WANG Hai-feng,GAO Jian-jun.Effect of temperature on direct reduction of carbon bearing pellets of high phosphorus oolitic hematite[J].China Metallurgy,2016,26(4):10.)
[15]高鹏,韩跃新,李艳军,等.白云鄂博氧化矿石深度还原-磁选试验研究[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2010,31(6):86.(GAO Peng,HAN Yue-xin,LI Yan-jun,et al.Testing investigation on the reduction magnetic separation of oxide ore from Bayan Obo[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2010,31(6):86.)
[16]陈杏婕,倪文,范敦城,等.白云鄂博矿工艺矿物学研究[C]//第五届尾矿与冶金渣综合利用技术研讨会论文集.北京:中国硅酸盐学会,2014:32.(CHEN Xing-jie,NI Wen,FAN Duncheng,et al.Study on process mineralogy of Bayan Obo ore[C]//Proceedings of the 5th National Symposium on Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings and Metallurgical Slag.Beijing:The Chinese Ceramic Society,2014:32.)
[17]姜鑫,沈峰满,王琳,等.预还原烧结技术综合利用高炉粉尘的技术分析[C]//2014年全国炼铁生产技术会暨炼铁学术年会文集(下).河南:中国金属学会,2014:5.(JIANG Xin,SHEN Feng-man,WANG Lin,et al.Technical analysis of comprehensive utilization of blast furnace dust in pre-reduction sintering technology[C]//The 2014 National Ironmaking Production Technology Conference and the Annual Meeting of Ironmaking(The Second Volume).Henan:The Chinese Society for Metals,2014:5.)
[18]Machida S,Sato H,Takeda K.Development of the process for producing pre-reduced agglomerates[J].JFE Technical Report,2009(13):7.