深埋地下人员密集场所电梯与楼梯协同疏散的电梯运行参数研究
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摘要
随着经济社会的高速发展,城市核心区域各类深埋地下人员密集场所不断涌现,传统的楼梯上行疏散已经很难满足其整体疏散的需求。为探索深埋地下人员密集场所电梯与楼梯协同疏散过程中电梯运行参数对疏散时间的影响规律,以重庆沙坪坝地下综合交通枢纽为研究对象,利用Pathfinder疏散模拟软件建立了沙坪坝地下综合交通枢纽人员疏散模型,对比研究了134种疏散场景下电梯运行参数对疏散时间的影响程度。结果表明:电梯运行参数中,电梯开关门时间对疏散时间的影响最大,电梯加速度对疏散时间的影响最小;电梯运行参数对疏散时间的影响程度从大到小排序为电梯开关门时间、电梯额定最大速度、电梯荷载和电梯加速度。
With the rapid development of economy and society,the deep underground personnel-intensive places are constantly constructed,so the traditional staircase evacuation is difficult to meet the overall evacuation needs.In order to explore the influence of elevator operation parameters on the evacuation time during the elevator and staircase coordinated evacuation in deep underground personnel-intensive places,this paper takes Chongqing Shapingba underground comprehensive transportation hub as the research object,and establishes the evacuation model by using the evacuation simulation software Pathfinder,and compares the influence of elevator operation parameters on evacuation time in 134 scenarios.The results show that elevator door opening-and-closing time exerts the greatest influence on evacuation time and elevator acceleration does the least.Less and less influence of elevator operation parameters on evacuation time is from door opening-and-closing time,elevator load,elevator rated maximum speed to elevator acceleration.
With the rapid development of economy and society,the deep underground personnel-intensive places are constantly constructed,so the traditional staircase evacuation is difficult to meet the overall evacuation needs.In order to explore the influence of elevator operation parameters on the evacuation time during the elevator and staircase coordinated evacuation in deep underground personnel-intensive places,this paper takes Chongqing Shapingba underground comprehensive transportation hub as the research object,and establishes the evacuation model by using the evacuation simulation software Pathfinder,and compares the influence of elevator operation parameters on evacuation time in 134 scenarios.The results show that elevator door opening-and-closing time exerts the greatest influence on evacuation time and elevator acceleration does the least.Less and less influence of elevator operation parameters on evacuation time is from door opening-and-closing time,elevator load,elevator rated maximum speed to elevator acceleration.
引文
[1]唐春雨.高层建筑火灾情况下电梯疏散安全可靠性研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2009.
[2]Bazjanac V.Another way out?[J].Progressive Architecture,1974:88-89.
[3]Bazjanac V.Simulation of elevator performance in high-rise buildings under conditions of emergency[M]//Human Response to Tall Buildings.Stroudsburg,PA:Dowden,Hutchinson&Ross,Inc.,1977:316-328.
[4]Klote J H.Elevators as Means of Fire Escape:NBSIR82-2507[R].Washington,DC:US Department of Commerce,1982.
[5]Klote J H,Tamuia G.Elevator piston effect and the smoke problem[J].Fire Safety Journal,1986,11(3):227-233.
[6]Klote J H.An Analysis of the Influence of Piston Effect on Elevator Smoke Control:NBSIR 88-3751[R].Gaithersburg,MD:US Department of Commerce,1988.
[7]Klote J H,Tamura G.Design of elevator smoke control systems for fire evacuation[J].ASHRAE Transactions,1991,97(2):634-642.
[8]Klote J H.Design of Smoke Control Systems for Areas of Refuge[M].Gaithersburg,MD:US Department of Commerce General Services Administration,1993.
[9]张鹏,朱昌明.高层建筑危急情况下的电梯疏散系统[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(8):75-78.
[10]Shin S J.Proposal for evacuee guidance of cloud-based elevator system in emergency situation[J].The Journal of The Institute of Internet,2015,15(1):25-28.
[11]Andrée K,Nilsson D,Eriksson J.Evacuation experiments in a virtual reality high-rise building:Exit choice and waiting time for evacuation elevators[J].Fire and Materials,2016,40(4):554-567.
[12]胡传平,杨昀.高层建筑火灾情况下利用电梯疏散的案例研究[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(4):97-102.
[13]宋文华,伍东,张玉福.高层建筑火灾初期利用电梯进行人员疏散的可行性探讨[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(9):67-72.
[14]陈辉,黄恒栋,黄煜.高层建筑火灾安全学发展的新概念---“安全核”疏散体系设计初论[J].新建筑,2000(5):66-68.
[15]张虎南.超高层建筑中避难层应设消防安全疏散电梯[J].消防技术与产品信息,2005(7):37-38.
[16]朱惠军.超高层建筑高速穿梭电梯辅助疏散的可行性[J].消防科学与技术,2012,31(9):931-934.
[17]李钊,梁栋,褚燕燕.基于Evacnet模型的高层建筑电梯疏散特性研究[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(6):160-165.
[18]Chen J M,Wang J Y,Wang J C,et al.An experimental study of individual ascent speed on long stair[J].Fire Technology,2017,53(1):283-300.
[19]中国国家标准化管理委员会.电梯技术条件:GB/T 10058-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[2]Bazjanac V.Another way out?[J].Progressive Architecture,1974:88-89.
[3]Bazjanac V.Simulation of elevator performance in high-rise buildings under conditions of emergency[M]//Human Response to Tall Buildings.Stroudsburg,PA:Dowden,Hutchinson&Ross,Inc.,1977:316-328.
[4]Klote J H.Elevators as Means of Fire Escape:NBSIR82-2507[R].Washington,DC:US Department of Commerce,1982.
[5]Klote J H,Tamuia G.Elevator piston effect and the smoke problem[J].Fire Safety Journal,1986,11(3):227-233.
[6]Klote J H.An Analysis of the Influence of Piston Effect on Elevator Smoke Control:NBSIR 88-3751[R].Gaithersburg,MD:US Department of Commerce,1988.
[7]Klote J H,Tamura G.Design of elevator smoke control systems for fire evacuation[J].ASHRAE Transactions,1991,97(2):634-642.
[8]Klote J H.Design of Smoke Control Systems for Areas of Refuge[M].Gaithersburg,MD:US Department of Commerce General Services Administration,1993.
[9]张鹏,朱昌明.高层建筑危急情况下的电梯疏散系统[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(8):75-78.
[10]Shin S J.Proposal for evacuee guidance of cloud-based elevator system in emergency situation[J].The Journal of The Institute of Internet,2015,15(1):25-28.
[11]Andrée K,Nilsson D,Eriksson J.Evacuation experiments in a virtual reality high-rise building:Exit choice and waiting time for evacuation elevators[J].Fire and Materials,2016,40(4):554-567.
[12]胡传平,杨昀.高层建筑火灾情况下利用电梯疏散的案例研究[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(4):97-102.
[13]宋文华,伍东,张玉福.高层建筑火灾初期利用电梯进行人员疏散的可行性探讨[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(9):67-72.
[14]陈辉,黄恒栋,黄煜.高层建筑火灾安全学发展的新概念---“安全核”疏散体系设计初论[J].新建筑,2000(5):66-68.
[15]张虎南.超高层建筑中避难层应设消防安全疏散电梯[J].消防技术与产品信息,2005(7):37-38.
[16]朱惠军.超高层建筑高速穿梭电梯辅助疏散的可行性[J].消防科学与技术,2012,31(9):931-934.
[17]李钊,梁栋,褚燕燕.基于Evacnet模型的高层建筑电梯疏散特性研究[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(6):160-165.
[18]Chen J M,Wang J Y,Wang J C,et al.An experimental study of individual ascent speed on long stair[J].Fire Technology,2017,53(1):283-300.
[19]中国国家标准化管理委员会.电梯技术条件:GB/T 10058-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.