草地贪夜蛾缅甸虫源迁入中国的路径分析
|
摘要
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith)对非洲和南亚国家的入侵已对全球粮食安全造成重大影响,该虫2018年年底已在缅甸形成虫源基地,并零星进入中国云南西南部地区。本文利用历史数据分析了缅甸和华南地区春、夏两季(3-8月)925 hPa夜间平均风温场,并模拟预测了缅甸地区草地贪夜蛾在此期间进入中国的迁飞轨迹以及主要降落和波及的地区。结果表明:3-4月盛行的微弱西风不利于远距离迁移,但成虫的自主飞行可形成对云南和广西局部地区的近距离入侵;进入5月份后,随着西南夏季风的加强,云南和广西全境成为缅甸虫源的主要迁入地,并可能波及贵州、广东、海南和湖南等省。因此,4月份之前要重点监控云南和广西地区草地贪夜蛾的发生与为害,此后,应将监控区域扩大至中国中南部地区的各个省份。
The invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) into African and South Asian countries has imposed a serious impact on global food security. By the end of 2018, the insect has formed a source base in Myanmar and sporadically entered southwestern Yunnan of China. In this study, the mean night wind and temperature fields of 925 hPa in spring and summer(March-August) in Myanmar and South China were analyzed by using historical data. The migration trajectory of the pest in Myanmar and its main landing and spreading areas were also simulated and predicted. The results showed that, because the weak westerly wind prevailed in Myanmar from March to April, the autonomous flight of adults could form a close-range invasion into local areas of Yunnan and Guangxi. After May, with the intensification of the southwest summer monsoon, Yunnan and Guangxi became the main places of migration of Myanmar′s insect source, and even reached to Guizhou, Guangdong, Hainan and Hunan provinces. Therefore, the occurrence and damage of the pest in Yunnan and Guangxi should be monitored before April. After that, the monitoring area should be extended to all provinces in the south-central region of China.
The invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) into African and South Asian countries has imposed a serious impact on global food security. By the end of 2018, the insect has formed a source base in Myanmar and sporadically entered southwestern Yunnan of China. In this study, the mean night wind and temperature fields of 925 hPa in spring and summer(March-August) in Myanmar and South China were analyzed by using historical data. The migration trajectory of the pest in Myanmar and its main landing and spreading areas were also simulated and predicted. The results showed that, because the weak westerly wind prevailed in Myanmar from March to April, the autonomous flight of adults could form a close-range invasion into local areas of Yunnan and Guangxi. After May, with the intensification of the southwest summer monsoon, Yunnan and Guangxi became the main places of migration of Myanmar′s insect source, and even reached to Guizhou, Guangdong, Hainan and Hunan provinces. Therefore, the occurrence and damage of the pest in Yunnan and Guangxi should be monitored before April. After that, the monitoring area should be extended to all provinces in the south-central region of China.
引文
[1] LUGINBILL P. The fall army worm [M]. USDA Technology Bulletin, 1928,34:91.
[2] SPARKS A N. A review of the biology of the fall armyworm[J]. The Florida Entomologist, 1979,62(2):82-86.
[3] CASMUZ A, JUáREZ M L, SOCíAS M G, et al. Revisión de los hospederos del gusano cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)[J]. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 2010, 69(3/4): 209-231.
[4] DUMAS P, LEGEAI F, LEMAITRE C, et al. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) host-plant variants: two host strains or two distinct species?[J]. Genetica, 2015, 143(3): 305-316.
[5] ROSE A H, SILVERSIDES R H, LINDGUIST O H. Migration flight by an aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and a noctuid, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)[J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 1975, 107(6): 567-576.
[6] MITCHELL E R, MCNEIL J N, WESTBROOK J K, et al. Seasonal periodicity of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Caribbean basin and northward to Canada[J]. Journal of Entomological Science, 1991, 26(1): 39-50.
[7] DAY R, ABRAHAMS P, BATEMAN M, et al. Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa[J]. Outlooks on Pest Management, 2017, 28(5):196-201.
[8] WESTBROOK J K, NAGOSHI R N, MEAGHER R L, et al. Modeling seasonal migration of fall armyworm moths [J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2016, 60(2):255-267.
[9] JOHNSON S J. Migration and the life history strategy of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in the Western Hemisphere [J].International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 1987, 8(4/5/6):543-549.
[10] GOERGEN G, KUMAR P L, SANKUNG S B, et al. First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa [J/OL]. PLoS ONE, 2016, 11(10): e0165632.
[11] DRAKE V A, GATEHOUSE A G. Insect migration: tracking resources through space and time [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995: 478.
[12] EARLY R, GONZáLEZ-MORENO P, MURPHY S T, et al. Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm[J]. NeoBiota, 2018, 40:25-50.
[13] ABRAHAMS P, BEALE T, COCK M, et al. Fall armyworm status impacts and control options in Africa: preliminary evidence note (April 2017)[R]. UK: CABI, 2017.
[14] NAKWETA G. Global actions needed to combat fall armyworm [EB/OL]. (2018-09-28)[2018-10-05].https://www.scidev.net/sub-saharan-africa/farming/news/global-actions-combat-fall-armyworm.html.
[15] BHOSALE J. Fall Armyworm spreads to five states in India[EB/OL]. (2018-10-09)[2018-12-10].https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/commodities/news/fall-army-worm-spreads-to-five-states-in-india/articleshow/66128598.cms.
[16] 缅甸农业部植保司.缅甸部分地区冬玉米首次记录草地贪夜蛾的入侵[EB/OL].(2018-12-19)[2019-01-05].http://ppdmyanmar.org/.
[17] First detection of fall army worm on the border of Thailand[R]. FAO of the United Nations, 2018.
[18] 胡高,吴秋琳,武向文,等.东北二代粘虫大发生机制:1978年个例分析[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(4):927-942.
[19] MICHALAKES J, CHEN S,DUDHIA J,et al.Development of a next-generation regional weather research and forecast model[C]//ZWIEFLHOFER W, KREITZ N, eds. Developments in Teracomputing: Proceedings of the Ninth ECMWF Workshop on the Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology. World Scientific, Singapore, 2001:269-276.
[20] WOLF W W, WESTBROOK J K, RAULSTON J R, et al. Radar observations of orientation of noctuids migrating from corn fields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley [J]. Southwestern Entomologist Supplement (USA), 1995, 18: 45-61.
[21] WESTBROOK J K, EYSTER R S, WOLF W W, et al. Migration pathways of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) indicated by tetroon trajectories[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1995, 73(1/2):67-87.
[22] BEERWINKLE K R, LOPEZ JR J D, SCHLEIDER P G, et al. Annual patterns of aerial insect densities at altitudes from 500 to 2400 meters in east-central Texas indicated by continuously-operating vertically-oriented radar [J]. Southwestern Entomologist Supplement (USA),1995, 18: 63-80.
[23] NAGOSHI R N, FLEISCHER S, MEAGHER R L, et al. Fall armyworm migration across the Lesser Antilles and the potential for genetic exchanges between North and South American populations [J/OL]. PLoS ONE,2017, 12(2): e0171743.
[24] VICKERY R A. Studies on the fall army worm in the gulf coast district of Texas[M]. USDA Technical Bulletin No. 138. Washington:US Government Printing Office, 1929: 1-64.
[25] COCK M J, BESEH P K, BUDDIE A G, et al. Molecular methods to detect Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana, and implications for monitoring the spread of invasive species in developing countries [J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1):4103.
[26] 芦芳, 翟保平, 胡高. 昆虫迁飞研究中的轨迹分析方法[J].应用昆虫学报,2013, 50(3):853-862.
[27] WANG Fengying, YANG Fan, LU Minghong, et al. Determining the migration duration of rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) moths using a trajectory analytical approach [J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7:39853.
[28] WU Qiulin, HU Gao, TUAN H A, et al. Migration patterns and winter population dynamics of rice planthoppers in Indochina: New perspectives from field surveys and atmospheric trajectories [J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2019,265:99-109.
[29] WU Qiulin, HU Gao, WESTBROOK J K, et al. An advanced numerical trajectory model tracks a corn earworm moth migration event in Texas, USA [J/OL]. Insects, 2018, 9(3):115. DOI: 10.3390/insects9030115.
[30] CHAPMAN J W, NESBIT R L, BURGIN L E, et al. Flight orientation behaviors promote optimal migration trajectories in high-flying insects [J]. Science, 2010, 327: 682-685.
[31] 朱坚. 长江以南地区春季降水的气候特征及其与青藏高原动力作用的联系[D]. 南京: 南京大学, 2011.
[32] WU Qiulin, WESTBROOK J K, HU Gao, et al. Multiscale analyses on a massive immigration process of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) in south-central China: influences of synoptic-scale meteorological conditions and topography[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2018, 62(8): 1389-1406.
[2] SPARKS A N. A review of the biology of the fall armyworm[J]. The Florida Entomologist, 1979,62(2):82-86.
[3] CASMUZ A, JUáREZ M L, SOCíAS M G, et al. Revisión de los hospederos del gusano cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)[J]. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 2010, 69(3/4): 209-231.
[4] DUMAS P, LEGEAI F, LEMAITRE C, et al. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) host-plant variants: two host strains or two distinct species?[J]. Genetica, 2015, 143(3): 305-316.
[5] ROSE A H, SILVERSIDES R H, LINDGUIST O H. Migration flight by an aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and a noctuid, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)[J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 1975, 107(6): 567-576.
[6] MITCHELL E R, MCNEIL J N, WESTBROOK J K, et al. Seasonal periodicity of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Caribbean basin and northward to Canada[J]. Journal of Entomological Science, 1991, 26(1): 39-50.
[7] DAY R, ABRAHAMS P, BATEMAN M, et al. Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa[J]. Outlooks on Pest Management, 2017, 28(5):196-201.
[8] WESTBROOK J K, NAGOSHI R N, MEAGHER R L, et al. Modeling seasonal migration of fall armyworm moths [J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2016, 60(2):255-267.
[9] JOHNSON S J. Migration and the life history strategy of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in the Western Hemisphere [J].International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 1987, 8(4/5/6):543-549.
[10] GOERGEN G, KUMAR P L, SANKUNG S B, et al. First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa [J/OL]. PLoS ONE, 2016, 11(10): e0165632.
[11] DRAKE V A, GATEHOUSE A G. Insect migration: tracking resources through space and time [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995: 478.
[12] EARLY R, GONZáLEZ-MORENO P, MURPHY S T, et al. Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm[J]. NeoBiota, 2018, 40:25-50.
[13] ABRAHAMS P, BEALE T, COCK M, et al. Fall armyworm status impacts and control options in Africa: preliminary evidence note (April 2017)[R]. UK: CABI, 2017.
[14] NAKWETA G. Global actions needed to combat fall armyworm [EB/OL]. (2018-09-28)[2018-10-05].https://www.scidev.net/sub-saharan-africa/farming/news/global-actions-combat-fall-armyworm.html.
[15] BHOSALE J. Fall Armyworm spreads to five states in India[EB/OL]. (2018-10-09)[2018-12-10].https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/commodities/news/fall-army-worm-spreads-to-five-states-in-india/articleshow/66128598.cms.
[16] 缅甸农业部植保司.缅甸部分地区冬玉米首次记录草地贪夜蛾的入侵[EB/OL].(2018-12-19)[2019-01-05].http://ppdmyanmar.org/.
[17] First detection of fall army worm on the border of Thailand[R]. FAO of the United Nations, 2018.
[18] 胡高,吴秋琳,武向文,等.东北二代粘虫大发生机制:1978年个例分析[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(4):927-942.
[19] MICHALAKES J, CHEN S,DUDHIA J,et al.Development of a next-generation regional weather research and forecast model[C]//ZWIEFLHOFER W, KREITZ N, eds. Developments in Teracomputing: Proceedings of the Ninth ECMWF Workshop on the Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology. World Scientific, Singapore, 2001:269-276.
[20] WOLF W W, WESTBROOK J K, RAULSTON J R, et al. Radar observations of orientation of noctuids migrating from corn fields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley [J]. Southwestern Entomologist Supplement (USA), 1995, 18: 45-61.
[21] WESTBROOK J K, EYSTER R S, WOLF W W, et al. Migration pathways of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) indicated by tetroon trajectories[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1995, 73(1/2):67-87.
[22] BEERWINKLE K R, LOPEZ JR J D, SCHLEIDER P G, et al. Annual patterns of aerial insect densities at altitudes from 500 to 2400 meters in east-central Texas indicated by continuously-operating vertically-oriented radar [J]. Southwestern Entomologist Supplement (USA),1995, 18: 63-80.
[23] NAGOSHI R N, FLEISCHER S, MEAGHER R L, et al. Fall armyworm migration across the Lesser Antilles and the potential for genetic exchanges between North and South American populations [J/OL]. PLoS ONE,2017, 12(2): e0171743.
[24] VICKERY R A. Studies on the fall army worm in the gulf coast district of Texas[M]. USDA Technical Bulletin No. 138. Washington:US Government Printing Office, 1929: 1-64.
[25] COCK M J, BESEH P K, BUDDIE A G, et al. Molecular methods to detect Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana, and implications for monitoring the spread of invasive species in developing countries [J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1):4103.
[26] 芦芳, 翟保平, 胡高. 昆虫迁飞研究中的轨迹分析方法[J].应用昆虫学报,2013, 50(3):853-862.
[27] WANG Fengying, YANG Fan, LU Minghong, et al. Determining the migration duration of rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) moths using a trajectory analytical approach [J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7:39853.
[28] WU Qiulin, HU Gao, TUAN H A, et al. Migration patterns and winter population dynamics of rice planthoppers in Indochina: New perspectives from field surveys and atmospheric trajectories [J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2019,265:99-109.
[29] WU Qiulin, HU Gao, WESTBROOK J K, et al. An advanced numerical trajectory model tracks a corn earworm moth migration event in Texas, USA [J/OL]. Insects, 2018, 9(3):115. DOI: 10.3390/insects9030115.
[30] CHAPMAN J W, NESBIT R L, BURGIN L E, et al. Flight orientation behaviors promote optimal migration trajectories in high-flying insects [J]. Science, 2010, 327: 682-685.
[31] 朱坚. 长江以南地区春季降水的气候特征及其与青藏高原动力作用的联系[D]. 南京: 南京大学, 2011.
[32] WU Qiulin, WESTBROOK J K, HU Gao, et al. Multiscale analyses on a massive immigration process of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) in south-central China: influences of synoptic-scale meteorological conditions and topography[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2018, 62(8): 1389-1406.