民国初年的技术官僚与科技转型之殇——曾鲲化误报军情事件探析
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摘要
曾鲲化是近代中国铁路调研与管理的开拓者,1917年调任株萍铁路局长。护法战争期间,他因向北京汇报战场实情而被湖南督军傅良佐以误报军情为由抓捕扣押并拟枪毙,引发多方介入和舆论哗然,被罚当兵数日后才被押解进京。旋因傅良佐北逃与段祺瑞下台,案件遂告消弭。但曾鲲化误报军情事件并非普通个案,通过爬梳事件背景与缘起、经过与结局、当时的舆论反应等展开解读与反思,可表明在民初政治纷乱与社会动荡相互交织的背景下,技术官僚与科技转型无法独善其身。曾鲲化的经历不仅展现了一个技术官僚难以施展才学的乱世缩影,而且为科技转型与社会转型的互动提供了反面案例。
Zeng Kunhua was the pioneer of railway survey and management in modern China. In 1917, he was made the director of the Zhuping Railway. During the War of Defending the Constitution, he was arrested and nearly shot by the Hunan overseer Fu Liangzuo for reporting the battlefield facts to Beijing under the pretext of misreporting military intelligence. Under the multiparty intervention of public opinion, he was sent to the army for several days before being escorted to Beijing. Because Fu had fled north and Duan Qirui had stepped down,the case was resolved. However, that incident was not an ordinary case. It can be interpreted and reflected upon in the context of its background and origin, its past and outcome, and the reaction of the public opinion at that time.Its analysis shows that in the context of political chaos and social unrest at the beginning of Republican China,technocrats and technological transformation were unable to be left alone. The experience of Zeng has not only shown the epitome of a technocrat, but it has also provided a reverse case for the interaction between technological transformation and social transformation.
Zeng Kunhua was the pioneer of railway survey and management in modern China. In 1917, he was made the director of the Zhuping Railway. During the War of Defending the Constitution, he was arrested and nearly shot by the Hunan overseer Fu Liangzuo for reporting the battlefield facts to Beijing under the pretext of misreporting military intelligence. Under the multiparty intervention of public opinion, he was sent to the army for several days before being escorted to Beijing. Because Fu had fled north and Duan Qirui had stepped down,the case was resolved. However, that incident was not an ordinary case. It can be interpreted and reflected upon in the context of its background and origin, its past and outcome, and the reaction of the public opinion at that time.Its analysis shows that in the context of political chaos and social unrest at the beginning of Republican China,technocrats and technological transformation were unable to be left alone. The experience of Zeng has not only shown the epitome of a technocrat, but it has also provided a reverse case for the interaction between technological transformation and social transformation.
引文
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[2]马乐、胡新和.清代新式技术官僚群体初探[J].自然辩证法通讯,2011,33(5):36-40.
[3]曾鲲化.中国铁路现势通论[M].长沙:化华铁路学社,1908,7.
[4]将重用熟习铁路之曾鲲化[J].广益丛报,1908,(22):2.
[5]刘寿林.辛亥以后十七年职官年表[M].北京:中华书局,1966,94.
[6]上海图书馆.上海图书馆藏稀见辛亥革命文献(影印本)[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2011,1277.
[7]曾鲲化.中国铁路史[M].北京:新化曾宅,1924,625-628.
[8]交通系回复后之各路局长[N].申报,1917-7-28(3).
[9]刘建强.谭延闿文集·论稿(上)[M].湘潭:湘潭大学出版社,2014,267.
[10]中国第二历史档案馆.北洋政府档案(114)[M].陆军部第七册,北京:中国档案出版社,2010,459.
[11]罗刚.中华民国国父实录[M].第肆册,台北:罗刚先生三民主义奖学金基金会,1988,3048.
[12]毛振发.护法战争史略[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1989,45.
[13]中国第二历史档案馆.北洋政府档案(115)[M].陆军部第八册,北京:中国档案出版社,2010,113-120.
[14]曾鲲化造谣被扣[N].大公报(天津版),1917-10-31(3).
[15]专电[N].申报,1917-11-1(2).
[16]专电[N].申报,1917-11-3(3).
[17]兆蓉.记曾鲲化先生[A],黄昌勇、陈华新:老交大的故事[C],南京:江苏文艺出版社,2012,81.
[18]曾鲲化苦矣哉[N].大公报(天津版),1917-11-6(3).
[19]周秋光.熊希龄集[M].第六册,长沙:湖南人民出版社,2008,187.
[20]处罚曾鲲化之奇闻[N].新闻报,1917-11-15(3).
[21]曾鲲化将解来京[N].大公报(天津版),1917-11-8(3).
[22]戒臣.吓杀傅良佐[N].时报,1917-11-24(4).
[23]警公.曾鲲化果误报军情乎?[N].新闻报,1917-11-16(2).
[24]毛振发.护法战争史略[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1989,2.
[25]毛泽东.“湘人治湘”与“湘人自治”[A],中共中央文献研究室、中共湖南省委《毛泽东早期文稿》编辑组编:毛泽东早期文稿[C],长沙:湖南出版社,1990,523-524.
[26]人事[J].铁路协会会报,1922,(122):105.
[27]孙中山.在上海中华民国铁道协会欢迎会的演说[A],广东省社会科学院历史研究室、中国社会科学院近代史研究所中华民国史研究室、中山大学历史系孙中山研究室:孙中山全集[C],第二卷,北京:中华书局,1982,391.
[28]曾鲲化.和炼人诸友饯送原韵[J].交通丛报,1921,(76):19.