燃料敏感性对部分预混燃烧影响的试验研究
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摘要
配制辛烷值相同而敏感性不同的高辛烷值燃料,在一台改造的单缸试验发动机上进行了燃料敏感性对部分预混燃烧的燃烧和排放特性影响的研究。采用的不同敏感性的燃料为配制的甲苯参比燃料和市售92#汽油。研究结果表明:燃料敏感性越高,滞燃期越长,油气混合越充分,预混燃烧比例越大,NOx排放越高。燃烧重心(CA50)随着敏感性的增高先推迟后提前,敏感性为2的燃料CA50最迟。燃料敏感性越低,压升率越低,而市售92#汽油挥发性较强,预混比例较大,最大压升率最高;敏感性为2的燃料在上止点附近放热较多,指示热效率较高;汽油及敏感性为5和8的燃料的碳烟排放比其他燃料低。
An experimental investigation was conducted into the effect of fuel sensitivity on combustion and emissions of partially premixed combustion on a modified single-cylinder testing engine fueled with different fuels of the same research octane number(RON)but different sensitivities.The fuels used were toluene reference fuels of different sensitivities of 0,2,5,8and 11(with 11 the greatest),and a market gasoline with the RON of 92.The results indicate that with a fuel of higher sensitivity,the ignition delay is longer,the fuel/air mixture more homogeneous,and the premixed combustion stronger with more NOx.With the increase in fuel sensitivity,the CA50 first delays and then advances,resulting in the most delay of CA50 with the fuel having the sensitivity of 2.With a fuel of lower sensitivity,the rate of maximum pressure rise is smaller;but the rate of maximum pressure rise with the gasoline is the highest due to its stronger volatility and more premixed combustion.Moreover,with the fuel having the sensitivity of 2,the engine has the most heat release near top dead center,resulting in the highest thermal efficiency.With the gasoline and the fuels having the sensitivities of 5and 8,engine soot is the lowest.The sensitivity of the gasoline with the RON of 92 is between 5and 8.
An experimental investigation was conducted into the effect of fuel sensitivity on combustion and emissions of partially premixed combustion on a modified single-cylinder testing engine fueled with different fuels of the same research octane number(RON)but different sensitivities.The fuels used were toluene reference fuels of different sensitivities of 0,2,5,8and 11(with 11 the greatest),and a market gasoline with the RON of 92.The results indicate that with a fuel of higher sensitivity,the ignition delay is longer,the fuel/air mixture more homogeneous,and the premixed combustion stronger with more NOx.With the increase in fuel sensitivity,the CA50 first delays and then advances,resulting in the most delay of CA50 with the fuel having the sensitivity of 2.With a fuel of lower sensitivity,the rate of maximum pressure rise is smaller;but the rate of maximum pressure rise with the gasoline is the highest due to its stronger volatility and more premixed combustion.Moreover,with the fuel having the sensitivity of 2,the engine has the most heat release near top dead center,resulting in the highest thermal efficiency.With the gasoline and the fuels having the sensitivities of 5and 8,engine soot is the lowest.The sensitivity of the gasoline with the RON of 92 is between 5and 8.
引文
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[21]陈贵升.基于EGR技术的低排放重型柴油机燃烧技术研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013.
[2]ZHENG Z L,YAO M F.Charge stratification to control HCCI:experiments and CFD modeling with n-heptane as fuel[J].Fuel,2009,88:354-365.
[3]KALGHATGI G T,HILDINGSSON L,JOHANSSON B.Low NOx and low smoke operation of a diesel engine using gasoline-like fuels[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines&Power-Transactions of the ASME,2009,132(9):092803.
[4]WEALL A,COLLINGS N.Gasoline fuelled partially premixed compression ignition in a light duty multi-cylinder engine:a study of low load and low speed operation[J].SAEInternational Journal of Engines,2009,2(1):1574-1586.
[5]邹雄辉,刘威,林章磊,等.高负荷下喷油策略对汽油PPC燃烧和排放影响的试验研究[C]∥成都:中国内燃机学会燃烧节能净化分会2014年学术年会暨先进发动机节能及测试技术论坛,2014.
[6]张翔宇,郑尊清,黄树和,等.进气压力对汽油低温压燃的影响[J].内燃机工程,2018,39(1):1-7.ZHANG X Y,ZHENG Z Q,HUANG S H,et al.Effects of the intake pressure on gasoline low temperature compression ignition[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2018,39(1):1-7.
[7]KALGHATGI G T.Fuel anti-knock quality-part I,engine studies[C/OL].SAE Paper,2001,2001-01-3584.(2001-09-24)[2018-05-02].http://papers.sae.org/2001-01-3584.
[8]KALGHATGI G T.Auto-ignition quality of practical fuels and implications for fuel requirements of future SI and HCCIengines[C/OL].SAE Paper,2005,2005-01-0239.(2005-04-11)[2018-05-02].http://papers.sae.org/2005-01-0239.
[9]帅石金,李昕晏,王银辉,等.辛烷值对现代汽油车油耗与排放影响的整车试验[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2014,5(2):172-179.SHUAI S J,LI X Y,WANG Y H,et al.Vehicle experiments on effects of octane number on fuel efficiency and emissions of modern gasoline vehicles[J].J Automotive Safety and Energy,2014,5(2):172-179.
[10]PRAKASH A,CRACKNELL R,NATARAJAN V,et al.Understanding the octane appetite of modern vehicles[J].SAEInternational Journal of Fuels and Lubricants,2016,9(2):345-357.
[11]KALGHATGI G T,RISBERG P,ANGSTROM H E.Amethod of defining ignition quality of fuels in HCCI engines[C/OL].SAE Paper,2003,2003-01-1816.(2005-05-19)[2018-05-02].http://papers.sae.org/2003-01-1816.
[12]JAMES P,SZYBIS T,DEREK A.Pressure and temperature effects on fuels with varying octane sensitivity at high load in SIengines[J].Combustion and Flame,2017,177:49-66.
[13]KALGHATGI G T,HILDINGSSON L,HARRISON A J,et al.Autoignition quality of gasoline fuels in partially premixed combustion in diesel engines[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2011,33:3015-3021.
[14]ANDRAE J,BRINCK T,KALGHATGI G T.HCCIexperiments with toluene reference fuels modeled by a semidetailed chemical kinetic model[J].Combustion and Flame,2009,156:842-851.
[15]ALRAMADAN A S,SARATHY S M,KHURSHID M,et al.A blending rule for octane numbers of PRFs and TPRFs with ethanol[J].Fuel,2016,180:175-186.
[16]PRAKASH A,WANG C,JANSSEN A,et al.Impact of fuel sensitivity(RON-MON)on engine efficiency[J].SAEInternational Journal of Fuels and Lubricants,2017,10(1):115-125.
[17]TAO M Y,WU T,GE H W,et al.A kinetic modeling study on octane rating and fuel sensitivity in advanced compression ignition engines[J].Combustion and Flame,2017,185:234-244.
[18]MORGAN N,SMALLBONE A,BHAVE A,et al.Mapping surrogate gasoline compositions into RON/MON space[J].Combustion and Flame,2010,157:1122-1131.
[19]KALGHATGI G T,HEAD R,CHANG J,et al.An alternative method based on toluene/n-heptane surrogate fuels for rating the anti-knock quality of practical gasolines[J].SAEInternational Journal of Fuels&Lubricants,2014,7(3):663-672.
[20]郑朝蕾,刘冰,陈玉.超临界汽油燃料及其替代混合物的物性[J].内燃机学报,2016,34(1):61-67.ZHENG Z L,LIU B,CHEN Y.Thermophysical properties of gasoline and surrogates under supercritical conditions[J].Transactions of CSICE,2016,34(1):61-67.
[21]陈贵升.基于EGR技术的低排放重型柴油机燃烧技术研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013.