路侧示警桩设置关键指标研究
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摘要
针对公路示警桩的反光膜搭配、外观设计参数缺乏技术规范的问题,开展实车试验,研究、论证了相关参数对于路侧示警桩夜间诱导效果的影响。以我国低等级公路示警桩的两种主要形式:用于接入口警示功能的红白相间示警桩、用于公路线形轮廓诱导功能的黄黑相间示警桩为试验对象,以车辆进入弯道前的减速点位置、减速过程平稳性作为判别指标,基于试验场实车试验,采用数理统计与相关性分析方法,得到两种形式示警桩的反光膜配置、外观设计参数等关键指标最优化量值。同时,考虑低等级公路资金受限的问题,提出了相应的低成本解决方案。研究表明:红白相间示警桩的诱导效果主要与白色单元反光膜的反光性能有关,白色反光膜的等级越高,诱导效果越好,在资金受限时仅在最上一道白色单元设置I类反光膜也可达到不错的警示效果;黄黑相间示警桩诱导效果最优的形式为自顶部黑、黄颜色单元交替等比例设置,黑色单元在黄色单元之上的形式,此时黄色部分宜采用Ⅱ类反光膜。在资金受限时,仅在顶部黄色单元设置I类黄色反光膜也可达到不错的诱导效果。研究成果可为我国低等级公路交通诱导设施的设置提供依据。
Aiming at lack of technical specification of reflective film matching and styling design for road warning piles, the influence of relevant parameters on night induction effect of road-side warning piles are studied and discussed by real vehicle tests. Two types of warning piles commonly used on national roads are selected as the experimental object: one is alternate red and white warning pile which is used for warning function at access spots, the other is alternate yellow and black warning pile which is used for induction function of road side profile. Taking deceleration spot before vehicle entering into curve and smoothness of deceleration process as the judgment indicators, based on the real vehicle test in proving ground, the optimal parameter values of reflective film matching and styling design for road warning piles are obtained using mathematical statistics and correlation analysis. Meanwhile, considering the low budget of low class highway, the corresponding low cost solution is proposed. The result indicates that(1) The induction effect of alternate red and white warning piles is mainly related to the reflective property of the reflective film. The higher the reflective film class of white part, the better the induction effect. When the funds are limited, retro reflective film Type I can be set up only on the top white part for good warning effect.(2) The form of alternate black and yellow warning pile which has optimal induction effect is that the black and yellow parts are alternatively arranged from top with the equal width, and reflective film Type II is suitable for yellow part. When the funds are limited, reflective film Type I can be set up only on the top yellow part for good warning effect. The result can provide a basis for the establishment of traffic guidance facilities on low class highways in China.
Aiming at lack of technical specification of reflective film matching and styling design for road warning piles, the influence of relevant parameters on night induction effect of road-side warning piles are studied and discussed by real vehicle tests. Two types of warning piles commonly used on national roads are selected as the experimental object: one is alternate red and white warning pile which is used for warning function at access spots, the other is alternate yellow and black warning pile which is used for induction function of road side profile. Taking deceleration spot before vehicle entering into curve and smoothness of deceleration process as the judgment indicators, based on the real vehicle test in proving ground, the optimal parameter values of reflective film matching and styling design for road warning piles are obtained using mathematical statistics and correlation analysis. Meanwhile, considering the low budget of low class highway, the corresponding low cost solution is proposed. The result indicates that(1) The induction effect of alternate red and white warning piles is mainly related to the reflective property of the reflective film. The higher the reflective film class of white part, the better the induction effect. When the funds are limited, retro reflective film Type I can be set up only on the top white part for good warning effect.(2) The form of alternate black and yellow warning pile which has optimal induction effect is that the black and yellow parts are alternatively arranged from top with the equal width, and reflective film Type II is suitable for yellow part. When the funds are limited, reflective film Type I can be set up only on the top yellow part for good warning effect. The result can provide a basis for the establishment of traffic guidance facilities on low class highways in China.
引文
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[14]王玮.轮廓标逆反射性能及其对安全行车的影响[J].交通标准化,2009(20):30-32.WANG Wei.Reflex Reflection Performance of Contour Mark and Relative Influence for Safe Driving[J].Transport Standardization,2009(20):30-32.
[15]吴京梅,陈瑜,唐琤琤.山区农村公路安全保障技术[R].北京:交通运输部公路科学研究院,2014.WU Jing-mei,CHEN Yu,TANG Cheng-cheng.Technology of Ensuring Traffic Safety on Rural Mountain Highway[R].Beijing:Research institute of Highway,Ministry of Transport,2014.
[16]赵永平,王建军,罗石贵,等.指示性线形诱导标设置间距探讨[J].河南交通科技,1998(1):28-29.ZHAO Yong-ping,WANG Jian-jun,LUO Shi-gui,Discussion on Setting Spacing of Indicative Alignment Delineators[J].Science and Technology of Henan Communication,1998(1):28-29.
[17]毛慧.线形诱导标设置[J].公路交通科技,2001,18(5):90-92.MAO Hui.Chevron Alignment Sign Placing[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2001,18(5):90-92.
[18]侯德藻,杨曼娟,张铁军,等.公路安全生命防护工程实施技术指南[R].北京:交通运输部公路科学研究院,2015.HOU De-zao,YANG Man-juan,ZHANG Tie-jun,et al.Technical Guide for Implementation of Highway Life Protection Project[R].Beijing:Research Institute of Highway,Ministry of Transport,2015.
[2]中华人民共和国公安部.2016年交通事故统计年报[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2016.Ministry of Public Security of PRC.Annual Report of Traffic Accidents Statistics[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2016.
[3]中华人民共和国交通运输部.2016年国家干线公路交通情况分析报告[R].北京:人民交通出版社,2016.Ministry of Transport of PRC.Analysis Report on National Trunk Highway Traffic in 2016[R].Beijing:China Communications Press,2016.
[4]US Federal Highway Administration.Impacts on State and Local Agencies for Maintaining Traffic Signs within Minimum Retroreflectivity Guidelines[R].Washington,D.C.:U.S.Department of Commerce,1998.
[5]HAWKINS H G,BARTOSKEWITZ R T,FENNO D W.Evaluation of Rural Guide Signing Second Year Activities and Preliminary Recommendations[R].Austin:Texas Department of Transportation,1995.
[6]CARLSON PAUL J,MATT S.Methods for Maintaining Traffic Sign Retroreflectivity,FHWA-HRT-08-026[R].Washington,D.C.:Federal Highway Administration,2007.
[7]U.S.Federal Highway Administration.Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways[S].2009 ed.Washington,D.C.:U.S.Department of Transportation,2009.
[8]JTG D81-2017,公路交通安全设施设计规范[S].JTG D81-2017,Design Specification for Highway Safety Facilities[S].
[9]袁伟.城市道路环境中汽车驾驶员动态视觉特性试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.YUAN Wei.Study on Vehicle Driver's Dynamic Visual Characters Test on City Road[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2008.
[10]罗红杰,李光磊.八车道高速公路轮廓标设置间距研究[J].公路,2017(6):50-53.LUO Hong-jie,LI Guang-lei.Study on Setting Spacing of Delineators on Eight-lane Expressway[J].Highway,2017(6):50-53.
[11]信志刚,王春雨,张续光,等.隧道路段逆反射轮廓标设置技术研究[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(5):156-161.XIN Zhi-gang,WANG Chun-yu,ZHANG Xu-guang.On the Setting of Retro-reflective Delineators in the Freeway Tunnel[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(5):156-161.
[12]包兴臣,孟强.高速公路主动发光轮廓标应用方案设计探讨[J].中国交通信息化,2017(4):113-115.BAO Xing-chen,MENG Qiang.Discussion of Application Scheme Design of Active LED Delineators for Expressway[J].China ITS Journal,2017(4):113-115.
[13]李丹,崔晗晶.轮廓标光度性能研究[J].交通标准化,2009(增2):52-54.LI Dan,CUI Han-jing.Research on the Luminosity Performance of Delineator[J].Transport Standardization,2009(S2):52-54.
[14]王玮.轮廓标逆反射性能及其对安全行车的影响[J].交通标准化,2009(20):30-32.WANG Wei.Reflex Reflection Performance of Contour Mark and Relative Influence for Safe Driving[J].Transport Standardization,2009(20):30-32.
[15]吴京梅,陈瑜,唐琤琤.山区农村公路安全保障技术[R].北京:交通运输部公路科学研究院,2014.WU Jing-mei,CHEN Yu,TANG Cheng-cheng.Technology of Ensuring Traffic Safety on Rural Mountain Highway[R].Beijing:Research institute of Highway,Ministry of Transport,2014.
[16]赵永平,王建军,罗石贵,等.指示性线形诱导标设置间距探讨[J].河南交通科技,1998(1):28-29.ZHAO Yong-ping,WANG Jian-jun,LUO Shi-gui,Discussion on Setting Spacing of Indicative Alignment Delineators[J].Science and Technology of Henan Communication,1998(1):28-29.
[17]毛慧.线形诱导标设置[J].公路交通科技,2001,18(5):90-92.MAO Hui.Chevron Alignment Sign Placing[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2001,18(5):90-92.
[18]侯德藻,杨曼娟,张铁军,等.公路安全生命防护工程实施技术指南[R].北京:交通运输部公路科学研究院,2015.HOU De-zao,YANG Man-juan,ZHANG Tie-jun,et al.Technical Guide for Implementation of Highway Life Protection Project[R].Beijing:Research Institute of Highway,Ministry of Transport,2015.
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