锥栗嫁接苗与实生苗叶片解剖特征及光合特性比较
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摘要
【目的】以2年生锥栗嫁接苗与实生苗为试材,比较分析2种苗木在叶片生长状况、形态结构及光合特性上的差异,为锥栗的良种苗木繁育提供参考。【方法】本实验主要采用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定法和石蜡切片法。【结果】①嫁接苗与实生苗的净光合速率(P_(max))、光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)、表现量子效率(AQY)及叶绿素(a+b)含量(C_c)等光合指标的差异显著(P<0.05),嫁接苗的C_c为(4.35±0.47)mg·dm~(-2)>实生苗(2.43±0.48)mg·dm~(-2),P_(max)为(6.77±0.01)μmol·m~(-2 )·s~(-1)>实生苗(5.13±0.002)μmol·m~(-2 )·s~(-1)。②叶片的生长指标,嫁接苗的叶面积和叶干物质量较高、比叶面积较低,嫁接苗叶面积为(44.23±5.78)cm~2是实生苗(24.55±4.57 cm~2)的1.80倍。③与实生苗相比,嫁接苗的叶片厚度、主脉厚度、表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、下表皮气孔密度以及叶脉密度等结构指标均较高。其中,嫁接苗的栅栏组织厚度、主脉厚度及下表皮气孔密度分别高出实生苗35%、38%和50%。【结论】锥栗苗木的光合能力与叶片结构特征关系密切,嫁接苗叶片的生长状况优于实生苗,对光的适应性和光合利用能力强于实生苗。
【Objective】This study was to compare the difference of leaf growth, structure and photosynthetic characteristics in grafts and seeds of Castanea henryi. 【Method】The portable Li-6400 photosynthesis apparatus and paraffin section were used in this experiment.【Result】These five photosynthetic parameters between two kinds of seedlings were significantly different, which were maximum photosynthetic rate(P_(max)), light saturation point(LSP), light compensation point(LCP), performance quantum efficiency(AQY) and chlorophyll-containing(C_c), respectively. By P_n-PPFD curves, it is obvious that grafts' P_(max) was(6.77±0.01)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), higher than that of seeds, which was(5.13±0.002)μmol·m~(-2 )·s~(-1). Seeds' C_c was(2.43±0.48)mg·dm~(-2), which was lower than grafts' C_c(4.35±0.47)mg·dm~(-2). In addition, leaf area and dry matter were higher in grafts, while specific leaf area was lower than seeds. Leaf area from grafts was about 1.8 times higher than seed-origin seedlings(24.55±4.57)cm~2. Compared to seeds' leaf structure indexes, most grafts were bigger, by 35 % in palisade-tissue's thickness, 38 % in main-vein's thickness, and 50 % in stomatal density. 【Conclusion】Correlations between photosynthetic capacity and leaf traits were significant irrespective of seedlings origin, and the leaf of grafts grew greater and had better photosynthetic capacity and adaptability to a wide range of environmental light than seeds of C. henryi.
【Objective】This study was to compare the difference of leaf growth, structure and photosynthetic characteristics in grafts and seeds of Castanea henryi. 【Method】The portable Li-6400 photosynthesis apparatus and paraffin section were used in this experiment.【Result】These five photosynthetic parameters between two kinds of seedlings were significantly different, which were maximum photosynthetic rate(P_(max)), light saturation point(LSP), light compensation point(LCP), performance quantum efficiency(AQY) and chlorophyll-containing(C_c), respectively. By P_n-PPFD curves, it is obvious that grafts' P_(max) was(6.77±0.01)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), higher than that of seeds, which was(5.13±0.002)μmol·m~(-2 )·s~(-1). Seeds' C_c was(2.43±0.48)mg·dm~(-2), which was lower than grafts' C_c(4.35±0.47)mg·dm~(-2). In addition, leaf area and dry matter were higher in grafts, while specific leaf area was lower than seeds. Leaf area from grafts was about 1.8 times higher than seed-origin seedlings(24.55±4.57)cm~2. Compared to seeds' leaf structure indexes, most grafts were bigger, by 35 % in palisade-tissue's thickness, 38 % in main-vein's thickness, and 50 % in stomatal density. 【Conclusion】Correlations between photosynthetic capacity and leaf traits were significant irrespective of seedlings origin, and the leaf of grafts grew greater and had better photosynthetic capacity and adaptability to a wide range of environmental light than seeds of C. henryi.
引文
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[13]葛红娟,梁美霞,戴洪义.玻璃化与正常苹果试管苗的叶片和茎的显微结构比较[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(3):223-227.
[14]赵广东,李超,史作民,等.壳斗科五树种幼苗叶片结构型性状及其相关关系[J].广西植物,2016,36(5):507-514.
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[16]许大全.叶绿素含量的测定及其应用中的几个问题[J].植物生理学通讯,2009,45(9):896-898.
[17]李泽,谭晓风,卢锟,等.干旱胁迫对两种油桐幼苗生长、气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(5):1515-1524.
[18]叶子飘.光合作用对光和CO2响应模型的研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(6):727-740.
[19]李力,张祥星,郑睿,等.夏玉米光合特性及光响应曲线拟合[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(12):1310-1318.
[20]Li Y,Hu T,Duan X,et al.Effects of decomposing leaf litter of Eucalyptus grandis on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Lolium perenne[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2013,5(3):123-131.
[21]Zhang Y J,Yang Q Y,Lee D W,et al.Extended leaf senescence promotes carbon gain and nutrient resorption:importance of maintaining winter photosynthesis in subtropical forests[J].Oecologia,2013,173(3):721-730.
[22]杨兴洪,邹琦,赵世杰.遮荫和全光下生长的棉花光合作用和叶绿素荧光特征[J].植物生态学报,2005(1):8-15.
[23]Terashima I,Hikosaka K.Comparative ecophysiology of leaf and canopy photosynthesis[J].Plant Cell Environ.,1996,18:1111-1128.
[24]Vogelmann T C,Nishio J N,Smith W K.Leaves and light capture-Light propagation and gradients of carbon fixation within leaves[J].Trends Plant Sci.,1996(1):65-70.
[25]姚贺盛,张亚黎,易小平,等.海岛棉和陆地棉叶片光合特性,冠层结构及物质生产的差异[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):251-261.
[26](美)帕拉帝(Stephen,G.P.)著;尹伟伦,郑彩霞,李凤兰主译.木本植物生理学(第三版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[27]祁娟,师尚礼,徐长林,等.4种披碱草属植物光合作用光响应特性的比较[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):100-107.
[2]马海泉,江锡兵,龚榜初,等.我国锥栗研究进展及发展对策[J].浙江林业科技,2013,33(1):62-67.
[3]谭露曼,袁德义,张党权,等.锥栗芽苗砧嫁接技术[J].经济林研究,2016(3):153-157.
[4]Cui G W,Ma C P.Research on leaf morphology and cold resistance of Alfalfa[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2007,15(1):70-75(in Chinese).
[5](美)Lincoln Taiz,Eeduardo Zeiger著;宋纯鹏,王学路,周云主译.植物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[6]黄绢.转JERF36基因银中杨的抗旱性评价及生理机理研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2016.
[7]梁文斌,聂东伶,吴思政,等.遮荫对短梗大参苗木光合作用及生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(2):413-419.
[8]祁传磊,靳春莲,李开隆,等.不同倍性大青杨的光合特性及叶片解剖结构比较[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(9):917-922.
[9]吴晖,陈顺立,黄金聪,等.抗栗瘿蜂优良锥栗品种的初步选择研究[J].华东昆虫学报,2002(2):53-56.
[10]杨华,梁一池,景芸,等.影响锥栗产量主要因素的研究[J].福建林学院报,2004(2):132-135.
[11]田尚青,朱师丹,朱俊杰,等.红树林植物叶片形态和解剖特征对叶肉导度,叶片导水率的影响[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(6):909-919.
[12]宋丽清,胡春梅,侯喜林,等.高粱,紫苏叶脉密度与光合特性的关系[J].植物学报,2015(1):100-106.
[13]葛红娟,梁美霞,戴洪义.玻璃化与正常苹果试管苗的叶片和茎的显微结构比较[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(3):223-227.
[14]赵广东,李超,史作民,等.壳斗科五树种幼苗叶片结构型性状及其相关关系[J].广西植物,2016,36(5):507-514.
[15]Wullschleger S D,Oosterhuis D M,Hurren R G,et al,.Evidence for light dependent recycling of respired carbon dioxide by the cotton fruit[J].Plant Physiology,1991,97:574-579.
[16]许大全.叶绿素含量的测定及其应用中的几个问题[J].植物生理学通讯,2009,45(9):896-898.
[17]李泽,谭晓风,卢锟,等.干旱胁迫对两种油桐幼苗生长、气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(5):1515-1524.
[18]叶子飘.光合作用对光和CO2响应模型的研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(6):727-740.
[19]李力,张祥星,郑睿,等.夏玉米光合特性及光响应曲线拟合[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(12):1310-1318.
[20]Li Y,Hu T,Duan X,et al.Effects of decomposing leaf litter of Eucalyptus grandis on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Lolium perenne[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2013,5(3):123-131.
[21]Zhang Y J,Yang Q Y,Lee D W,et al.Extended leaf senescence promotes carbon gain and nutrient resorption:importance of maintaining winter photosynthesis in subtropical forests[J].Oecologia,2013,173(3):721-730.
[22]杨兴洪,邹琦,赵世杰.遮荫和全光下生长的棉花光合作用和叶绿素荧光特征[J].植物生态学报,2005(1):8-15.
[23]Terashima I,Hikosaka K.Comparative ecophysiology of leaf and canopy photosynthesis[J].Plant Cell Environ.,1996,18:1111-1128.
[24]Vogelmann T C,Nishio J N,Smith W K.Leaves and light capture-Light propagation and gradients of carbon fixation within leaves[J].Trends Plant Sci.,1996(1):65-70.
[25]姚贺盛,张亚黎,易小平,等.海岛棉和陆地棉叶片光合特性,冠层结构及物质生产的差异[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):251-261.
[26](美)帕拉帝(Stephen,G.P.)著;尹伟伦,郑彩霞,李凤兰主译.木本植物生理学(第三版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[27]祁娟,师尚礼,徐长林,等.4种披碱草属植物光合作用光响应特性的比较[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):100-107.