世界贫困的时空演化格局及关键问题研究
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摘要
消除贫困是人类可持续发展目标之一,是人类社会进步的重要标识。文章分析了世界贫困的发展演化历程,指出了世界减贫的时空不均衡特征及其面临的挑战与问题,包括不平衡减贫加剧了撒哈拉以南非洲地区的资源过度开发,世界流离失所者增加加剧贫困识别的不精准性,以及乡村衰退加剧减贫成效的不稳定性。从联合国2030年减贫目标的角度,提出应加强世界减贫的国际合作,同步推进减贫与国家和地区的经济发展转型,系统实施乡村振兴,为实现世界范围的可持续减贫奠定基础。
Poverty eradication is one of the sustainable human development goals, and is also the important index of human social progress. The study investigates the evolution process of the world poverty and points out the spatial-temporal uneven pattern of the world poverty reduction. The current challenges to the world poverty reduction include aggravated resources exploitation in SubSaharan Africa, worldwide forcibly displaced people who lower down poverty identification accuracy, and rural decline which leads to instable poverty reduction. Oriented by the UN's poverty eradication goal by 2030, the study proposes to strengthen worldwide poverty reduction collaboration, to promote national and regional development transformation, and to revitalize the world's countryside, so as to support world poverty reduction.
Poverty eradication is one of the sustainable human development goals, and is also the important index of human social progress. The study investigates the evolution process of the world poverty and points out the spatial-temporal uneven pattern of the world poverty reduction. The current challenges to the world poverty reduction include aggravated resources exploitation in SubSaharan Africa, worldwide forcibly displaced people who lower down poverty identification accuracy, and rural decline which leads to instable poverty reduction. Oriented by the UN's poverty eradication goal by 2030, the study proposes to strengthen worldwide poverty reduction collaboration, to promote national and regional development transformation, and to revitalize the world's countryside, so as to support world poverty reduction.
引文
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5李玉恒,王艳飞,刘彦随.我国扶贫开发中社会资本作用机理及效应.中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):301-307.
6刘俊文.超越贫困陷阱——国际反贫困问题研究的回顾与展望.农业经济问题,2004,(10):23-28.
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13刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略.中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):269-278.
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17 Alkire S,Santos M E.Measuring acute poverty in the developing world:Robustness and scope of the multidimensional poverty index.World Development,2014,59(1):251-274.
18 Blumenstock J,Cadamuro G,On R.Predicting poverty and wealth from mobile phone metadata.Science,2015,350(6264):1073.
19 Jean N,Burke M,Xie M,et al.Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty.Science,2016,353(6301):790.
20 Woods M.Rural geography:processes,responses and experiences in rural restructuring.Rural Geography Processes Responses&Experiences in Rural Restructuring,2005,7(3):494-496.
21 Wood R E.Survival of Rural America:Small Victories and Bitter Harvests.Lawrence,KS:University Press of Kansas,2008.
22 Liu Y S,Li Y H.Revitalize the world's countryside.Nature,2017,548:275-277.
23 Carr P J,Kefalas M J.Hollowing out the Middle:The Rural Brain Drain and What It Means for America.Boston,MA:Beacon Press,2009.
24 Westlund H.Urban Futures in Planning,Policy and regional science:Are we entering a post-urban world?.Built Environment,2014,440(4):447-457.
25李玉恒,阎佳玉,武文豪,等.世界乡村转型历程与可持续发展展望.地理科学进展,2018,37(5):627-635.
26刘彦随,陈聪,李玉恒.中国新型城镇化村镇建设格局研究.地域研究与开发,2014,33(6):1-6.
27 Li Y,Jia L,Wu W,et al.Urbanization for rural sustainabilityRethinking China’s urbanization strategy.Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,178:580-586.
(1)http://databank.worldbank.org/data/source/poverty-and-equity.
(2)http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/povDuplicateWB.aspx.
(3)http://databank.worldbank.org/data/source/poverty-and-equity.
2 Lanjouw P,Pradhan M,Saadah F,et al.Poverty,Education,and Health in Indonesia:Who Benefits from Public Spending?New York:Social Science Electronic Publishing,2001:64.
3 Pearce J L.Organizational scholarship and the eradication of global poverty.Academy of Management Journal,2005,48(6):970-972.
4 Grootaert C.Social capital:the missing link?The World Bank Social Capital Initiative Working Paper No.3,1998.[2010-07-01].http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/902971468764409654/Social-capital-the-missing-link.
5李玉恒,王艳飞,刘彦随.我国扶贫开发中社会资本作用机理及效应.中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):301-307.
6刘俊文.超越贫困陷阱——国际反贫困问题研究的回顾与展望.农业经济问题,2004,(10):23-28.
7 World Bank Group.Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016.Washington D.C.:World Bank Publications,2016.
8 Sen A.Poverty and famines:An essay on entitlement and deprivation.Economics,1981,50(1):200-201.
9 Navajas S,Schreiner M,Meyer R L,et al.Microcredit and the poorest of the poor:Theory and evidence from Bolivia.World Development,1998,28(2):333-346.
10 Bruton G D,Ketchen D J,Ireland R D.Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty.Journal of Business Venturing,2013,28(6):683-689.
11世界银行.1990年世界发展报告.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2001.
12西奥多·舒尔茨.穷人的经济学——诺贝尔经济学获奖者演说文集.罗汉,译.上海:上海人民出版社,1998:406.
13刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略.中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):269-278.
14 UNHCR.Global Trend-Forced Displacement in 2016.Geneva:The UN Refugee Agency,2016.
15 FAO,WFP.Monitoring Food Security in Countries with Conflict Situations A Joint FAO/WFP Update for the United Nations Security Council.New York:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,World Food Programme,2018.
16 Thorpe A.The Nature and Causes of Poverty:An Overview//Arthur E N,Christophe B(eds).Poverty and Small-scale Fisheries in West Africa.Dordrecht:Springer Netherlands,2004:9-36.
17 Alkire S,Santos M E.Measuring acute poverty in the developing world:Robustness and scope of the multidimensional poverty index.World Development,2014,59(1):251-274.
18 Blumenstock J,Cadamuro G,On R.Predicting poverty and wealth from mobile phone metadata.Science,2015,350(6264):1073.
19 Jean N,Burke M,Xie M,et al.Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty.Science,2016,353(6301):790.
20 Woods M.Rural geography:processes,responses and experiences in rural restructuring.Rural Geography Processes Responses&Experiences in Rural Restructuring,2005,7(3):494-496.
21 Wood R E.Survival of Rural America:Small Victories and Bitter Harvests.Lawrence,KS:University Press of Kansas,2008.
22 Liu Y S,Li Y H.Revitalize the world's countryside.Nature,2017,548:275-277.
23 Carr P J,Kefalas M J.Hollowing out the Middle:The Rural Brain Drain and What It Means for America.Boston,MA:Beacon Press,2009.
24 Westlund H.Urban Futures in Planning,Policy and regional science:Are we entering a post-urban world?.Built Environment,2014,440(4):447-457.
25李玉恒,阎佳玉,武文豪,等.世界乡村转型历程与可持续发展展望.地理科学进展,2018,37(5):627-635.
26刘彦随,陈聪,李玉恒.中国新型城镇化村镇建设格局研究.地域研究与开发,2014,33(6):1-6.
27 Li Y,Jia L,Wu W,et al.Urbanization for rural sustainabilityRethinking China’s urbanization strategy.Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,178:580-586.
(1)http://databank.worldbank.org/data/source/poverty-and-equity.
(2)http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/povDuplicateWB.aspx.
(3)http://databank.worldbank.org/data/source/poverty-and-equity.