照料制度与家政业劳动关系——西方主流发展模式述评
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摘要
本文以埃斯平-安德森《福利资本主义的三个世界》一书的分析框架为基础,建构起福利制度背景下照料制度与家政业劳动互动所形成的三类西方家政业主流发展模式:英国、美国为代表的市场化模式;德国、法国为代表的社会保险模式;以及北欧四国为代表的公共服务模式。之后,基于对照顾需求的多样化认识,加入了合作社模式作为未来多元模式发展趋势的补充。基于对以上模式的分析,综合总结了促进家政业发展在宏观福利制度、具体法律政策等层面需关注和澄清的重要策略。
Based on the analytical framework of Esping-Andersen's "The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism", this paper constructs three kinds of development models domestic service industry in Western Countries: the marketoriented model represented by the United Kingdom and the United States; the social insurance model represented by Germany and France; and the public service model represented by the four Nordic countries. At the same time,based on the diversity of care needs, the cooperative model is added as a supplement to the future development trend. Based on the analysis of the above modes, this paper summarizes the important strategies to promote the development of domestic service industry which need to be paid attention to and clarified.
Based on the analytical framework of Esping-Andersen's "The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism", this paper constructs three kinds of development models domestic service industry in Western Countries: the marketoriented model represented by the United Kingdom and the United States; the social insurance model represented by Germany and France; and the public service model represented by the four Nordic countries. At the same time,based on the diversity of care needs, the cooperative model is added as a supplement to the future development trend. Based on the analysis of the above modes, this paper summarizes the important strategies to promote the development of domestic service industry which need to be paid attention to and clarified.
引文
1.埃斯平-安德森,哥斯塔.(2010).福利资本主义的三个世界(苗正民,滕玉英译).北京:商务印书馆。
2.韩会敏.(2006).家政服务员性骚扰问题的职业特点.妇女研究论丛,74,68-70.
3.何欢.(2013).美国家庭政策的经验和启示.清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),28(1),147-156+161.
4.胡川宁.(2011).德国家政服务法律制度研究.现代法学33(1),145-151.
5.胡大武.(2012).家庭雇佣型家政工人工伤保险制度研究.现代法学,34(1),57-64.
6.胡大武.(2014).<劳动合同法>家庭用人单位资格新考--以家政工人保护为中心.西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),35(12),88-92.
7.纪宁,孙东.(2010).法国发展养老服务业促进就业和完善社会保障的启示与借鉴.中国经贸导刊,10(23),32-35.
8.焦旸.(2013).法国的家政服务业.国际劳动,421(12),31-33.
9.林卡,张佳华.(2011).北欧国家社会政策的演变及其对中国社会建设的启示.经济社会体制比较,155(3),29-41.
10.刘明辉.(2012).家庭工人体面劳动公约对中国立法的影响.妇女研究论丛,111(3),40-45+54.
11.路红艳.(2009).法国发展民生服务业的政策措施及启示.中国经贸导刊,9(3),22-25.
12.马丹.(2011).北京市家政工研究.北京社会科学,15(2),64-68.
13.马路遥,顾海云,张田,李丹,安娜.(2017).建立“时间银行”打造“多代公寓”.老年世界,29(8),28-30.
14.谭琳,李军锋.(2003).我国非正规就业的性别特征分析.人口研究,27(9),11-18.
15.王伟进.(2015).互助养老的模式类型与现实困境.行政管理改革,10(10),63-68.
16.王竹青,吴道霞.(2009)论家政工的劳动权利.妇女研究论丛,96(6),11-15.
17.张文范.(2012).稳中求进、创新发展,打造具有中国特色、中国气质、有素养的家庭服务队伍.中国家庭服务业协会第四届会员代表大会第三次理事(扩大)会议上的工作报告,(8月21日).
18.Binstock,R.H.(1991).From the great society to the aging society--25 years of the older americans act.Generations,15,11-18.
19.Bowman,J.R.&Cole,A.M.(2014).Cleaning the'People's home':The politics of the domestic service market in Sweden.Gender,Work&Organization,21(2),187-201.
20.Crompton,R.(2006).Employment and the Family.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
21.Department of Health and Human Services,(2004).THE2004 HHS POVERTY GUIDELINES,Retrieved July 3,2017,from https://aspe.hhs.gov/2004-hhs-poverty-guidelines.
22.Ervik,R.(2015).Policy responses to aging:Care services for the elderly in Norway.In Ageing Welfare&Social Policy(Pp.202-225).International Conference Proceedings,organized by Sino-Nordic Welfare Laboratory,IOS,CASS,Social Policy Research Center,CASS.
23.Gavanas,A.(2013).Migrant domestic workers,social network strategies and informal markets for domestic services in Sweden.Womens Studies International Forum,36,54-64.
24.Hellgren,Z.(2015).Markets,regimes,and the role of stakeholders:Explaining precariousness of migrant Domestic Care workers in different institutional frameworks.Social Politics,22(2),220-241.
25.Hort,Sven(2015).Aging,selfare and common pool resources-institutions-the Swedish elderly experience.In Ageing Welfare&Social Policy(Pp.78-102).International Conference Proceedings,organized by Sino-Nordic Welfare Laboratory,IOS,CASS,Social Policy Research Center,CASS.
26.ILO.(2002).International Cooperative Alliance and ILOR193:Promotion of Cooperatives Recommendation,Retrieved July 15,2017,from https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:R193
27.Kangas,O.,&Palme,J.,eds.(2005).Social Policy and Economic Development in the Nordic Countries.NewYork:Palgrae Macmilan.
28.Karraker,M.W.(2013).Global Families.California:SAGE Publicaitons,Inc
29.Kuhnle,S.(2015).Welfare states with Nordic Characteristics.In Ageing Welfare&Social Policy(pp.11-28).International Conference Proceedings,organized by Sino-Nordic Welfare Laboratory,IOS,CASS,Social Policy Research Center,CASS.
30.OECD.(2010).Early Childhood Education and CareCountry Profiles-Sweden Retrieved July 3,2017,from http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/37423778.pdf
31.Platzer,E.(2006).From private solutions to public responsibility and back again:The new domestic services in Sweden.Gender&History,18(2),211-221.
32.Ruhlen,R.N.(2014).Family policy in the United States of America.In Jin Yihong&Catrina Schl?ger(Eds.),Family Changes in China and Comparative Research of Family Policies(Pp.418-434).Nanjing,China:Nanjing University Press.
33.Wang,J.&Zhang,L.H.(2015).Who will care the elderly?The boundary among the family,the market,and the government.In Ageing Welfare&Social Policy(Pp.226-242).International Conference Proceedings,organized by Sino-Nordic Welfare Laboratory,IOS,CASS,Social Policy Research Center,CASS.
1.此部分资料主要来源于英国政府网站和英国移民家政工NGO组织网站:https://www.gov.uk/contract-types-andemployer-responsibilities;http://www.kalayaan.org.uk/for-workers/employment-rights/
2.本部分涉及到的德国家政业资料来源:中华人民共和国商务部,《德国家政服务业简介》,2016年3月3日,http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/dxfw/jlyd/201603/20160301268084.shtml
3.本部分信息亦可参见:法国家政服务管理局http://www.servicesalapersonne.gouv.fr/chiffres-cles-%282064%29.cml?#secteur
2.韩会敏.(2006).家政服务员性骚扰问题的职业特点.妇女研究论丛,74,68-70.
3.何欢.(2013).美国家庭政策的经验和启示.清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),28(1),147-156+161.
4.胡川宁.(2011).德国家政服务法律制度研究.现代法学33(1),145-151.
5.胡大武.(2012).家庭雇佣型家政工人工伤保险制度研究.现代法学,34(1),57-64.
6.胡大武.(2014).<劳动合同法>家庭用人单位资格新考--以家政工人保护为中心.西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),35(12),88-92.
7.纪宁,孙东.(2010).法国发展养老服务业促进就业和完善社会保障的启示与借鉴.中国经贸导刊,10(23),32-35.
8.焦旸.(2013).法国的家政服务业.国际劳动,421(12),31-33.
9.林卡,张佳华.(2011).北欧国家社会政策的演变及其对中国社会建设的启示.经济社会体制比较,155(3),29-41.
10.刘明辉.(2012).家庭工人体面劳动公约对中国立法的影响.妇女研究论丛,111(3),40-45+54.
11.路红艳.(2009).法国发展民生服务业的政策措施及启示.中国经贸导刊,9(3),22-25.
12.马丹.(2011).北京市家政工研究.北京社会科学,15(2),64-68.
13.马路遥,顾海云,张田,李丹,安娜.(2017).建立“时间银行”打造“多代公寓”.老年世界,29(8),28-30.
14.谭琳,李军锋.(2003).我国非正规就业的性别特征分析.人口研究,27(9),11-18.
15.王伟进.(2015).互助养老的模式类型与现实困境.行政管理改革,10(10),63-68.
16.王竹青,吴道霞.(2009)论家政工的劳动权利.妇女研究论丛,96(6),11-15.
17.张文范.(2012).稳中求进、创新发展,打造具有中国特色、中国气质、有素养的家庭服务队伍.中国家庭服务业协会第四届会员代表大会第三次理事(扩大)会议上的工作报告,(8月21日).
18.Binstock,R.H.(1991).From the great society to the aging society--25 years of the older americans act.Generations,15,11-18.
19.Bowman,J.R.&Cole,A.M.(2014).Cleaning the'People's home':The politics of the domestic service market in Sweden.Gender,Work&Organization,21(2),187-201.
20.Crompton,R.(2006).Employment and the Family.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
21.Department of Health and Human Services,(2004).THE2004 HHS POVERTY GUIDELINES,Retrieved July 3,2017,from https://aspe.hhs.gov/2004-hhs-poverty-guidelines.
22.Ervik,R.(2015).Policy responses to aging:Care services for the elderly in Norway.In Ageing Welfare&Social Policy(Pp.202-225).International Conference Proceedings,organized by Sino-Nordic Welfare Laboratory,IOS,CASS,Social Policy Research Center,CASS.
23.Gavanas,A.(2013).Migrant domestic workers,social network strategies and informal markets for domestic services in Sweden.Womens Studies International Forum,36,54-64.
24.Hellgren,Z.(2015).Markets,regimes,and the role of stakeholders:Explaining precariousness of migrant Domestic Care workers in different institutional frameworks.Social Politics,22(2),220-241.
25.Hort,Sven(2015).Aging,selfare and common pool resources-institutions-the Swedish elderly experience.In Ageing Welfare&Social Policy(Pp.78-102).International Conference Proceedings,organized by Sino-Nordic Welfare Laboratory,IOS,CASS,Social Policy Research Center,CASS.
26.ILO.(2002).International Cooperative Alliance and ILOR193:Promotion of Cooperatives Recommendation,Retrieved July 15,2017,from https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:R193
27.Kangas,O.,&Palme,J.,eds.(2005).Social Policy and Economic Development in the Nordic Countries.NewYork:Palgrae Macmilan.
28.Karraker,M.W.(2013).Global Families.California:SAGE Publicaitons,Inc
29.Kuhnle,S.(2015).Welfare states with Nordic Characteristics.In Ageing Welfare&Social Policy(pp.11-28).International Conference Proceedings,organized by Sino-Nordic Welfare Laboratory,IOS,CASS,Social Policy Research Center,CASS.
30.OECD.(2010).Early Childhood Education and CareCountry Profiles-Sweden Retrieved July 3,2017,from http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/37423778.pdf
31.Platzer,E.(2006).From private solutions to public responsibility and back again:The new domestic services in Sweden.Gender&History,18(2),211-221.
32.Ruhlen,R.N.(2014).Family policy in the United States of America.In Jin Yihong&Catrina Schl?ger(Eds.),Family Changes in China and Comparative Research of Family Policies(Pp.418-434).Nanjing,China:Nanjing University Press.
33.Wang,J.&Zhang,L.H.(2015).Who will care the elderly?The boundary among the family,the market,and the government.In Ageing Welfare&Social Policy(Pp.226-242).International Conference Proceedings,organized by Sino-Nordic Welfare Laboratory,IOS,CASS,Social Policy Research Center,CASS.
1.此部分资料主要来源于英国政府网站和英国移民家政工NGO组织网站:https://www.gov.uk/contract-types-andemployer-responsibilities;http://www.kalayaan.org.uk/for-workers/employment-rights/
2.本部分涉及到的德国家政业资料来源:中华人民共和国商务部,《德国家政服务业简介》,2016年3月3日,http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/dxfw/jlyd/201603/20160301268084.shtml
3.本部分信息亦可参见:法国家政服务管理局http://www.servicesalapersonne.gouv.fr/chiffres-cles-%282064%29.cml?#secteur