超音速激光沉积WC/Stellite 6复合涂层显微组织特征的研究
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摘要
超音速激光沉积技术(SLD)将激光技术与冷喷涂技术相结合,在保持冷喷涂固态沉积的优势下,极大地拓展了单一冷喷涂技术的可喷涂材料范围。采用超音速激光沉积技术制备了单一冷喷涂难以制备的WC/Stellite 6金属基复合涂层(MMC),并与激光熔覆(LC)涂层在宏观形貌、显微组织、界面稀释、未熔WC占比、涂层抗裂纹扩展性能等方面进行对比研究。研究表明:具有固态沉积特点的超音速激光沉积涂层避免了热加工过程中的WC分解与溶解问题,在采用相同比例的WC/Stellite 6复合材料情况下,超音速激光沉积涂层中WC体积占比为27.6%,高于激光熔覆层的3.7%;激光熔覆层稀释率约为8.9%,而超音速激光沉积涂层无宏观稀释区;大载荷压痕测试结果显示激光熔覆涂层压痕处出现大量放射状裂纹而超音速激光沉积涂层无裂纹出现,表明超音速激光沉积涂层抗裂纹扩展能力优于激光熔覆涂层。
Supersonic laser deposition(SLD) is a new coating and fabrication process in which a supersonic powder stream produced by cold spray(CS) impinges on a substrate simultaneously heated by laser irradiation to expand the range of materials deposited under solid-state during SLD process. WC/Stellite 6 metal matrix composite(MMC)coating prepared by SLD and laser cladding(LC) are studied and compared in terms of macro- morphology,microstructure, interface dilution and unmelted WC proportion of coating, crack propagation resistance. The results show that the dense, crack-free coatings with uniform distribution of WC are achieved by SLD coating because of solid-state deposition, which can avoid the root causes of WC decomposition and dissolution in high temperature processing. The dilution rate of laser cladding coating is about 8.9%, while no macroscopic dilution zone is found in SLD coatings. The unmelted WC proportion of SLD coatings is about 27.6%, which is much higher than that of LC coatings. The results show that a great number of cracks around the indentation in LC coating while no cracks is found in SLD coatings under 50 kg load indentation indicate that the crack propagation resistance of supersonic laser SLD coating is superior to that of LC coating.
Supersonic laser deposition(SLD) is a new coating and fabrication process in which a supersonic powder stream produced by cold spray(CS) impinges on a substrate simultaneously heated by laser irradiation to expand the range of materials deposited under solid-state during SLD process. WC/Stellite 6 metal matrix composite(MMC)coating prepared by SLD and laser cladding(LC) are studied and compared in terms of macro- morphology,microstructure, interface dilution and unmelted WC proportion of coating, crack propagation resistance. The results show that the dense, crack-free coatings with uniform distribution of WC are achieved by SLD coating because of solid-state deposition, which can avoid the root causes of WC decomposition and dissolution in high temperature processing. The dilution rate of laser cladding coating is about 8.9%, while no macroscopic dilution zone is found in SLD coatings. The unmelted WC proportion of SLD coatings is about 27.6%, which is much higher than that of LC coatings. The results show that a great number of cracks around the indentation in LC coating while no cracks is found in SLD coatings under 50 kg load indentation indicate that the crack propagation resistance of supersonic laser SLD coating is superior to that of LC coating.
引文
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3 Zhang Qunli,Xu Weixian,Yao Jianhua,et al..Microstructure and high temperature wear resistance performance of Co/Mesoporous WC laser composite coating[J].Chinese J Lasers,2014,41(5):0503002.张群莉,徐卫仙,姚建华,等.Co/介孔WC激光复合涂层的显微结构与高温磨损性能研究[J].中国激光,2014,41(5):0503002.
4 Zhao Wenyu,Lu Fenggui,Li Zhuguo,et al..Study on high-cycle fatigue behavior of laser-cladding stellite6 on 17-4PH stainless steel[J].Chinese J Lasers,2014,41(10):1003014.赵文雨,芦凤桂,李铸国,等.17-4 PH不锈钢表面激光熔覆Stellite6合金涂层高周疲劳行为研究[J].中国激光,2014,41(10):1003014.
5 Bartkowski D,M?ynarczak A,Piasecki A,et al..Microstructure,microhardness and corrosion resistance of stellite-6 coatings reinforced with WC particles using laser cladding[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2015,68:191-201.
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7 Janicki D.High power direct diode laser cladding of stellite 6+WC coatings[J].MTM Virtual Journal,2012(7):57-61.
8 Zhong Minlin,Liu Wenjin,Chen Yanxia,et al..Laser Ccladding Stellite 6+WC[J].Transactions of Metal Heat Treatment,2001,22(2):27-31.9钟敏霖,刘文今,陈艳霞,等.斯太立合金加WC激光熔覆[J].材料热处理学报,2001,22(2):27-31.
9 Zhong Minlin,Liu Wenjin.Comparative research on cracking tendency in powder feeding laser cladding stellite and Ni Cr Si B alloys[J].Chinese J Lasers,2002,29(11):1031-1036.钟敏霖,刘文今.Stellite和Ni Cr Si B合金激光送粉熔覆裂纹倾向的比较研究[J].中国激光,2002,29(11):1031-1036.
10 Zhou Xianglin,Zhang Jishan,Wu Xiangkun.Advanced Cold Spray Technology and Application[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2011:2-5.周香林,张济山,巫湘坤.先进冷喷涂技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011:2-5.
11 Li Zhihong,Yang Lijing,Zhang Qunli,et al..Comparative research of stellite 6 coatings prepared by supersonic laser deposition and laser cladding[J].Chinese J Lasers,2015,42(5):0503008.李祉宏,杨理京,张群莉,等.超音速激光沉积与激光熔覆Stellite 6涂层的对比研究[J].中国激光,2015,42(5):0503008.
12 Bray M,Cockburn A,O'Neill W.The laser-assisted cold spray process and deposit characterisation[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2009,203(19):2851-2857.
13 Yang Lijing,Li Zhihong,Li Bo,et al..Microstructure and deposition mechanism of Ni60 coatings prepared by supersonic laser deposition[J].Chinese J Lasers,2015,42(3):0306005.杨理京,李祉宏,李波,等.超音速激光沉积法制备Ni60涂层的显微组织及沉积机理[J].中国激光,2015,42(3):0306005.
14 Yao J H,Yang L J,Li B,et al..Beneficial effects of laser irradiation on the deposition process of diamond/Ni60 composite coating with cold spray[J].Applied Surface Science,2015,330:300-308.
15 Huang Xue.Research on Performance of Laser Cladding Mixed Powder with Co-based Alloy and WC[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2013.黄雪.激光熔覆钴基合金加碳化钨混合粉末熔覆层性能的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2013.
16 Olakanmi E O,Doyoyo M.Laser-assisted cold-sprayed corrosion-and wear-resistant coatings:a review[J].Thermal Spray Technol,2014,23(5):765-785.
17 Li Mingxi,He Yizhu,Sun Guoxiong.Microstructure and crystallization direction of laser cladding Co-based alloy[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2002,32(6):932-935.李明喜,何宜柱,孙国雄.Co基合金激光熔覆层组织及近表面结晶方向[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2002,32(6):932-935.
18 Li W Y,Li C J,Yang G J.Effect of impact-induced melting on interface microstructure and bonding of cold-sprayed zinc coating[J].Applied Surface Science,2010,257(5):1516-1523.
19 Li W Y,Zhang C,Guo X,et al..Study on impact fusion at particle interfaces and its effect on coating microstructure in cold spraying[J].Applied Surface Science,2007,254(2):517-526.
2 Liu Yuzhen,Gui Yewei.The properties and applications of stellite alloys II[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,1992,16(6):1-5,47.刘玉珍,桂业炜.司太立合金的性能及应用Ⅱ[J].机械工程材料,1992,16(6):1-5,47.
3 Zhang Qunli,Xu Weixian,Yao Jianhua,et al..Microstructure and high temperature wear resistance performance of Co/Mesoporous WC laser composite coating[J].Chinese J Lasers,2014,41(5):0503002.张群莉,徐卫仙,姚建华,等.Co/介孔WC激光复合涂层的显微结构与高温磨损性能研究[J].中国激光,2014,41(5):0503002.
4 Zhao Wenyu,Lu Fenggui,Li Zhuguo,et al..Study on high-cycle fatigue behavior of laser-cladding stellite6 on 17-4PH stainless steel[J].Chinese J Lasers,2014,41(10):1003014.赵文雨,芦凤桂,李铸国,等.17-4 PH不锈钢表面激光熔覆Stellite6合金涂层高周疲劳行为研究[J].中国激光,2014,41(10):1003014.
5 Bartkowski D,M?ynarczak A,Piasecki A,et al..Microstructure,microhardness and corrosion resistance of stellite-6 coatings reinforced with WC particles using laser cladding[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2015,68:191-201.
6 Xiong Yun,Wang Yong,Zhang Kaifeng,et al..Microstructures and properties of laser cladding stellite6/WC[J].China Surface Engineering,2008,21(1):37-40.熊云,王勇,张开峰,等.激光熔覆Stellite 6/WC的组织与性能研究[J].中国表面工程,2008,21(1):37-40.
7 Janicki D.High power direct diode laser cladding of stellite 6+WC coatings[J].MTM Virtual Journal,2012(7):57-61.
8 Zhong Minlin,Liu Wenjin,Chen Yanxia,et al..Laser Ccladding Stellite 6+WC[J].Transactions of Metal Heat Treatment,2001,22(2):27-31.9钟敏霖,刘文今,陈艳霞,等.斯太立合金加WC激光熔覆[J].材料热处理学报,2001,22(2):27-31.
9 Zhong Minlin,Liu Wenjin.Comparative research on cracking tendency in powder feeding laser cladding stellite and Ni Cr Si B alloys[J].Chinese J Lasers,2002,29(11):1031-1036.钟敏霖,刘文今.Stellite和Ni Cr Si B合金激光送粉熔覆裂纹倾向的比较研究[J].中国激光,2002,29(11):1031-1036.
10 Zhou Xianglin,Zhang Jishan,Wu Xiangkun.Advanced Cold Spray Technology and Application[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2011:2-5.周香林,张济山,巫湘坤.先进冷喷涂技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011:2-5.
11 Li Zhihong,Yang Lijing,Zhang Qunli,et al..Comparative research of stellite 6 coatings prepared by supersonic laser deposition and laser cladding[J].Chinese J Lasers,2015,42(5):0503008.李祉宏,杨理京,张群莉,等.超音速激光沉积与激光熔覆Stellite 6涂层的对比研究[J].中国激光,2015,42(5):0503008.
12 Bray M,Cockburn A,O'Neill W.The laser-assisted cold spray process and deposit characterisation[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2009,203(19):2851-2857.
13 Yang Lijing,Li Zhihong,Li Bo,et al..Microstructure and deposition mechanism of Ni60 coatings prepared by supersonic laser deposition[J].Chinese J Lasers,2015,42(3):0306005.杨理京,李祉宏,李波,等.超音速激光沉积法制备Ni60涂层的显微组织及沉积机理[J].中国激光,2015,42(3):0306005.
14 Yao J H,Yang L J,Li B,et al..Beneficial effects of laser irradiation on the deposition process of diamond/Ni60 composite coating with cold spray[J].Applied Surface Science,2015,330:300-308.
15 Huang Xue.Research on Performance of Laser Cladding Mixed Powder with Co-based Alloy and WC[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2013.黄雪.激光熔覆钴基合金加碳化钨混合粉末熔覆层性能的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2013.
16 Olakanmi E O,Doyoyo M.Laser-assisted cold-sprayed corrosion-and wear-resistant coatings:a review[J].Thermal Spray Technol,2014,23(5):765-785.
17 Li Mingxi,He Yizhu,Sun Guoxiong.Microstructure and crystallization direction of laser cladding Co-based alloy[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2002,32(6):932-935.李明喜,何宜柱,孙国雄.Co基合金激光熔覆层组织及近表面结晶方向[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2002,32(6):932-935.
18 Li W Y,Li C J,Yang G J.Effect of impact-induced melting on interface microstructure and bonding of cold-sprayed zinc coating[J].Applied Surface Science,2010,257(5):1516-1523.
19 Li W Y,Zhang C,Guo X,et al..Study on impact fusion at particle interfaces and its effect on coating microstructure in cold spraying[J].Applied Surface Science,2007,254(2):517-526.