超音速激光沉积法制备Ni60涂层的显微组织及沉积机理
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摘要
超音速激光沉积技术(SLD)是一种将激光辐照与冷喷涂相结合的新型涂层制备工艺,因其结合了激光技术和冷喷涂技术的优势,能够沉积冷喷涂难以沉积或不可能沉积的材料。利用超音速激光沉积技术在中碳钢基材上成功制备了Ni60涂层,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、显微硬度测试等手段对涂层的沉积效率、显微组织成分、结合机理以及显微硬度进行了表征分析。研究结果表明:随着激光加热温度升高,涂层沉积厚度增加,表面球型凹坑逐渐减少;Ni60涂层保持了冷喷涂固态沉积的特征,显微组织结构以及相组成与原始粉末相一致;激光加热导致Ni60沉积层与基体间同时存在机械咬合与冶金结合;涂层的平均显微硬度为867 Hv0.3,比原始粉末提高8%~10%,沉积过程产生了冷作硬化。
As a new composite spraying technology combining the advantages of laser and cold spray, supersonic laser deposition(SLD) is able to deposit materials which are difficult or impossible to deposit by cold spray technique alone. Ni60 coatings are successfully fabricated on the surface of medium carbon steel by SLD. The deposition efficiency, bonding mechanism, microstructure, composition and micro-hardness are characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and microhardness tester, respectively. The results show that the thickness of deposited layer significantly increases with the rising of deposition temperature, the spherical indentation on surface decreases. Compared with Ni60 particles,the Ni60 deposited coating preserves the status of solid-state deposition, and has the same microstructure and phase with powder. The bonding mechanism is mainly mechanical interlocking and metallurgical bonding under laser irradiation. Average micro-hardness of the deposited coating is 867 Hv0.3, which is 8%~10% higher than that of the original powder due to cold hardening.
As a new composite spraying technology combining the advantages of laser and cold spray, supersonic laser deposition(SLD) is able to deposit materials which are difficult or impossible to deposit by cold spray technique alone. Ni60 coatings are successfully fabricated on the surface of medium carbon steel by SLD. The deposition efficiency, bonding mechanism, microstructure, composition and micro-hardness are characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and microhardness tester, respectively. The results show that the thickness of deposited layer significantly increases with the rising of deposition temperature, the spherical indentation on surface decreases. Compared with Ni60 particles,the Ni60 deposited coating preserves the status of solid-state deposition, and has the same microstructure and phase with powder. The bonding mechanism is mainly mechanical interlocking and metallurgical bonding under laser irradiation. Average micro-hardness of the deposited coating is 867 Hv0.3, which is 8%~10% higher than that of the original powder due to cold hardening.
引文
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20 Q Ming,L C Lim,Z D Chen.Laser cladding of nickel-based hardfacing alloys[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,1998,106(2-3):174-182.
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23 H Singh,D Puri,S Prakash.Some studies on hot corrosion performance of plasma sprayed coatings on a Fe-based superalloy[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2005,192(1):27-38.
24 Luo Fang,Kong Fanzhi,William O′Neill,et al..Effect of laser heating temperature on coating characteristics of Stellite 6 deposited by cold spray[J].Acta Armamentarii,2012,33(7):840-846.骆芳,孔凡志,威廉·欧尼尔,等.激光加热温度对冷喷Stellite 6合金沉积层表面特性的影响[J].兵工学报,2012,33(7):840-846.
25 Y Danlos,S Costil,X Guo,et al..Ablation laser and heating laser combined to cold spraying[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2010,205(4):1055-1059.
26 W Li,C Huang,M Yu,et al..Investigation on mechanical property of annealed copper particles and cold sprayed copper coating by a micro-indentation testing[J].Materials&Design,2013,46:219-226.
2 V K Champagne.The Cold Spray Materials Deposition Process:Fundamentals and Applications[M].New York:CRC Press,2007.
3 H T Wang,C J Li,G J Yang,et al..Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and property of cold-sprayed nanostructured Fe Al/Al2O3intermetallic composite coating[J].Vaccum,2008,83(1):146-152.
4 X T Luo,G J Yang,C J Li,et al..High strain rate induced localized amorphization in cubic BN/Ni Cr Al nanocomposite through high velocity impact[J].Scripta Materialia,2011,65(7):581-584.
5 P S Phani,V Vishnukanthan,G Sundararajan.Effect of heat treatment on properties of cold sprayed nanocrystalline copper alumina coatings[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(14):4741-4751.
6 Huang Chunjie,Li Wenya,Yu Min,et al..Investigation on particles reinforced titanium matrix composite coating fabricated by cold spraying[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2013,(4):1-5.黄春杰,李文亚,余敏,等.冷喷涂制备颗粒增强钛基复合材料涂层研究[J].材料工程,2013,(4):1-5.
7 R S Lima,J Karthikeyan,C M Kay,et al..Microstructural characteristics of cold-sprayed nanostructured WC-Co coatings[J].Thin Solid Films,2002,416:129-135.
8 M Bray,A Cockburn,W O′Neill.The laser-assisted cold spray process and deposited characterization[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2009,203(19):2851-2857.
9 A Cockburn,M Bray,W O′Neill.The laser-assisted cold spray process[J].The Laser User,2008,53:30-31.
10 R Lupoi,A Cockburn,C Bryan,et al..Hardfacing steel with nanostructured coatings of Stellite-6 by supersonic laser deposition[J].Light:Science&Applications,2012,1:e10.
11 H Assadi,T Stoltenhoff,H Kreye.Bonding mechanism in cold gas spraying[J].Acta Materialia,2003,51(15):4379-4394.
12 W Y Li,H L Liao,C J Li,et al..On high velocity impact of micro-sized metallic particles in cold spraying[J].Applied Surface Science,2006,253(5):2852-2862.
13 M Grujicic,J R Saylor,D E Beasley,et al..Computational analysis of the interfacial bonding between feed-power particles and the substrate in the cold-gas dynamic-spray process[J].Applied Surface Science,2003,219(3-4):211-227.
14 W Y Li,C J Li,Y Y Wang,et al..Effect of parameters of cold sprayed Cu particles on its impacting behavior[J].Acta Metall,2005,41(3):282-286.
15 Wang Chuanqi,Liu Hongxi,Zhou Rong,et al..Effect of tempering on microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding Ni-based reinforced particles composite coating[J].Chinese J Lasers,2012,39(10):1003006.王传琦,刘洪喜,周荣,等.回火处理对激光熔覆颗粒增强镍基复合涂层组织及耐磨性的影响[J].中国激光,2012,39(10):1003006.
16 Yuan Qinglong,Feng Xudong,Cao Jingjing,et al..Research on microstructure of Ni-based alloy coating by laser cladding[J].Chinese J Lasers,2010,37(8):2116-2120.袁庆龙,冯旭东,曹晶晶,等.激光熔覆镍基合金涂层微观组织研究[J].中国激光,2010,37(8):2116-2120.
17 Guo Shirui,Chen Zhijun,Zhang Qunli,et al..Effects of different pressures on laser cladding special powder prepared by gas atomization[J].Chinese J Lasers,2013,40(6):0603001.郭士锐,陈智军,张群莉,等.不同气压对气雾化激光熔覆专用合金粉末的影响[J].中国激光,2013,40(6):0603001.
18 Li Jianing,Gong Shuili,Wang Xichang,et al..Physical and surface performance of laser clad Ni based coating on a TA15-2 alloy[J].Chinese J Lasers,2013,40(11):1103008.李嘉宁,巩水利,王西昌,等.TA15-2合金表面激光熔覆Ni基涂层物理与表面性能[J].中国激光,2013,40(11):1103008.
19 Li Meiyan,Han Bin,Wang Yong,et al..Effects of B4C and Ti contents on structure and property of laser cladding Fe-Cr-Ni-Si alloy coatings[J].Chinese J Lasers,2013,40(12):1203008.李美艳,韩彬,王勇,等.B4C和Ti含量对激光熔覆Fe-Cr-Ni-Si系合金涂层结构及性能影响[J].中国激光,2013,40(12):1203008.
20 Q Ming,L C Lim,Z D Chen.Laser cladding of nickel-based hardfacing alloys[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,1998,106(2-3):174-182.
21 J G La Barbera-Sosa,Y Y Santana,M H Staia,et al..Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Ni-based thermal spray coatings deposited by HVOF[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2008,202(18):4552-4559.
22 S Hong,Y P Wu,G Y Li,et al..Microstructural characteristics of high-velocity oxygen-fuel(HVOF)sprayed nickel-based alloy coating[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2013,581:398-403.
23 H Singh,D Puri,S Prakash.Some studies on hot corrosion performance of plasma sprayed coatings on a Fe-based superalloy[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2005,192(1):27-38.
24 Luo Fang,Kong Fanzhi,William O′Neill,et al..Effect of laser heating temperature on coating characteristics of Stellite 6 deposited by cold spray[J].Acta Armamentarii,2012,33(7):840-846.骆芳,孔凡志,威廉·欧尼尔,等.激光加热温度对冷喷Stellite 6合金沉积层表面特性的影响[J].兵工学报,2012,33(7):840-846.
25 Y Danlos,S Costil,X Guo,et al..Ablation laser and heating laser combined to cold spraying[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2010,205(4):1055-1059.
26 W Li,C Huang,M Yu,et al..Investigation on mechanical property of annealed copper particles and cold sprayed copper coating by a micro-indentation testing[J].Materials&Design,2013,46:219-226.