黄葛树对土壤铅、镉污染耐受性的研究
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摘要
以黄葛树为实验材料,通过盆栽实验研究梯度浓度土壤外源铅胁迫(0,250,500,900mg/kg)、外源镉胁迫(0,5,10,20,30mg/kg)对黄葛树形态生长、生理生化特征的影响,旨在综合评价黄葛树对土壤铅、镉污染的适应性,为黄葛树对土壤铅、镉污染的修复潜力研究提供基础.结果表明:250mg/kg铅污染胁迫与5mg/kg镉胁迫对黄葛树株高、地径净生长量、可溶性糖质量分数、SOD活性均无显著影响;250,500mg/kg铅污染与5,10mg/kg镉污染显著增加了黄葛树叶片叶绿素质量比;实验组MDA浓度均显著高于对照;实验设置污染浓度内,900mg/kg铅胁迫与30mg/kg镉胁迫对黄葛树生长的抑制作用最强.研究说明:土壤铅、镉污染对黄葛树生长的影响具有"低促高抑"的特点,500,10mg/kg是铅、镉胁迫对黄葛树生长产生抑制作用的临界质量比,此临界质量比与土壤污染标准相比较可得黄葛树对镉胁迫的耐受性更强.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the tolerance of Ficus virens Aiton to soil contamination by lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)in pot experiment,in order to provide the basis for the research of the potential for phytoremediation of Pb and Cd pollution.With Ficus virens Aiton as the experimental material,and contaminated soil was treated by Pb and Cd in five concentrations respectively.The plant behavior was assessed by the changes of its physiological activity.Results show that when the concentrations of Pb and Cd was 250,5mg/kg,the plant height,net diameter,soluble sugar content and SOD activity of Ficus virens Aiton had no significant effect.The stress concentrations of Pb and Cd which was 250,500 and 5,10mg/kg increased photosynthetic pigment of Ficus virens Aiton.And the malondialdehyde content of experimental group was all higher than control.The damage to the Ficus virens Aiton could reach up to their maximum when concentrations of Pb and Cd was 900,30mg/kg.It is indicated that the critical concentrations of Pb and Cd inhibited the growth of Ficus virens Aiton was 500,10mg/kg,and low stress could promote the growth of Ficus virens Aiton.Compared with Pb stress,the tolerance to Cd was better.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the tolerance of Ficus virens Aiton to soil contamination by lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)in pot experiment,in order to provide the basis for the research of the potential for phytoremediation of Pb and Cd pollution.With Ficus virens Aiton as the experimental material,and contaminated soil was treated by Pb and Cd in five concentrations respectively.The plant behavior was assessed by the changes of its physiological activity.Results show that when the concentrations of Pb and Cd was 250,5mg/kg,the plant height,net diameter,soluble sugar content and SOD activity of Ficus virens Aiton had no significant effect.The stress concentrations of Pb and Cd which was 250,500 and 5,10mg/kg increased photosynthetic pigment of Ficus virens Aiton.And the malondialdehyde content of experimental group was all higher than control.The damage to the Ficus virens Aiton could reach up to their maximum when concentrations of Pb and Cd was 900,30mg/kg.It is indicated that the critical concentrations of Pb and Cd inhibited the growth of Ficus virens Aiton was 500,10mg/kg,and low stress could promote the growth of Ficus virens Aiton.Compared with Pb stress,the tolerance to Cd was better.
引文
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[2]段德超,于明革,施积炎.植物对铅的吸收、转运、累积和解毒机制研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(1):287-296.
[3]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J].国土资源通讯,2014(5):10-11.
[4] SYLVIA T M,SAMUEL R C,MARCUS M F.Heavy Metal Contaminated Industrial Soil Uptake Assessment in Native Plant Species from Brazilian Cerrado[J].Internation Journal of Phytoremediation,2016,18(8):832-838.
[5]张东为,崔建国,戈素芬,等.土壤镉污染对不同品种杨树生长状况的影响[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):59-64.
[6]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015:71-211.
[7]王红霞,施国新,徐勤松,等.Cr6+胁迫对槐叶苹叶片光合生理特征及超微结构的影响[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(11):2244-2250.
[8]鲁艳,谌月,李凌.香樟、君迁子实生苗对土壤Cd2+污染的修复潜力研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,42(11):44-51.
[9]李玉全,张海艳,沈法富.作物耐盐性的分子生物学研究进展[J].山东科学,2002,15(2):8-14.
[10]王秀娟,杨会青.盐碱胁迫下西伯利亚白刺的渗透调节物质的变化[J].热带农业科学,2010,30(2):34-36.
[11]谌金吾.三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)对重金属Cd、Pb胁迫的响应与修复潜能研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.
[12]覃光球,严重玲,韦莉莉.秋茄幼苗叶片单宁、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量对Cd胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2006(10):3366-3371.
[13]MAHRUKH Z,MEHAK S,QURBAN A,et al.Rhizobacteria and Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals[J].Enviromental Technology Reviews,2016,5(1):112-119.
[14]于方明,汤叶涛,仇荣亮,等.Cd胁迫下超富集植物圆锥南芥抗氧化机理[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(02):409-414.
[15]任艳芳,何俊瑜,刘畅,等.镉胁迫对莴苣幼苗生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(2):494-497.
[16]秦丽,祖艳群,李元.Cd对超累积植物续断菊生长生理的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(S1):48-52.
[17]中国环境保护局.土壤环境质量标准:GB 15618-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.