覆膜对伴矿景天生长和吸镉动态影响研究
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摘要
为探讨覆膜对伴矿景天生长和吸镉动态影响,以湖南某休耕地试验区为供试农田,研究了镉锌超积累植物伴矿景天在垄上覆膜和未覆膜两种栽培条件下,移栽后不同时间的植物生物量、地上部镉浓度变化与吸取修复动态。结果表明:伴矿景天的单株鲜质量和干质量在移栽后157～214 d范围内增速最快。覆膜和未覆膜处理的单株鲜质量增速分别为3.92 g·d~(-1)和3.25 g·d~(-1),单株干质量增速则分别为0.23 g·d~(-1)和0.17 g·d~(-1)。随着生长时间的延长,伴矿景天地上部镉浓度呈先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势;而吸镉量则因生物量的增加而呈现逐渐增大的趋势,其中在30～63 d范围内的日平均吸镉量较高(覆膜和未覆膜处理分别为3.62 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1)和3.10 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1)),最小值为移栽初期的0～30 d(覆膜和未覆膜处理分别为0.90 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1)和0.26 g·hm-2·d~(-1))和生育后期的214～240 d(覆膜和未覆膜处理分别为0.20 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1)和0.25 g·hm-2·d~(-1))。覆膜和未覆膜处理下,伴矿景天的镉总吸收量分别为447.00 g·hm~(-2)和329.85 g·hm~(-2);供试田块0～20 cm土层土壤镉去除率分别为16.18%和12.16%。研究表明,相对于未覆膜处理,覆膜能显著提高伴矿景天地上部生物量、镉吸收量及对污染土壤中镉的吸取修复效率。
In order to determine the effect of plastic film mulching on the growth and Cd uptake of Sedum plumbizincicola, which is a Cd and Zn hyperaccumulator, a fallow field located in Hunan Province was selected, S. plumbizincicola plant seedlings were transplanted, the dynamics of plant biomass and shoot Cd concentration after transplanting were determined during all growth stages, and the amount of Cd uptake was calculated. The results showed that the single-plant fresh and dry weight of S. plumbizincicola increased very quickly during 157～214 days after transplanting(the increase rates of fresh weight of each plant for the film mulching and no film mulching treatment were 3.92 g·d~(-1) and 3.25 g·d~(-1), respectively; the increase rates of dry weight were 0.23 g·d~(-1) and 0.17 g·d~(-1), respectively). With the increase in growth time, shoot Cd concentration decreased at the early stage, increased gradually, and then decreased again at the last growth stage.However, the Cd uptake amount increased at all stages. The effect of mulching on average daily Cd uptake was the greatest during the range of 30～63 days, which was 3.62 g·hm-2·d~(-1) and 3.10 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1) for the film mulching and no film mulching field treatment, respectively.The two lowest average daily Cd uptake stages were in the range of 0～30 days(0.90 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1) and 0.26 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1), respectively)and 214～240 days(0.20 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1) and 0.25 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1), respectively). Under the film mulching and no film mulching field treatment, the total Cd uptake by S. plumbizincicola was 447.00 g·hm~(-2) and 329.85 g·hm~(-2), respectively, and the soil Cd removal rate was 16.18% and 12.16%,respectively. In general, compared with the no film mulching field treatment, film mulching significantly increase plant biomass, Cd uptake,and the soil Cd removal rate by S. plumbizincicola.
In order to determine the effect of plastic film mulching on the growth and Cd uptake of Sedum plumbizincicola, which is a Cd and Zn hyperaccumulator, a fallow field located in Hunan Province was selected, S. plumbizincicola plant seedlings were transplanted, the dynamics of plant biomass and shoot Cd concentration after transplanting were determined during all growth stages, and the amount of Cd uptake was calculated. The results showed that the single-plant fresh and dry weight of S. plumbizincicola increased very quickly during 157～214 days after transplanting(the increase rates of fresh weight of each plant for the film mulching and no film mulching treatment were 3.92 g·d~(-1) and 3.25 g·d~(-1), respectively; the increase rates of dry weight were 0.23 g·d~(-1) and 0.17 g·d~(-1), respectively). With the increase in growth time, shoot Cd concentration decreased at the early stage, increased gradually, and then decreased again at the last growth stage.However, the Cd uptake amount increased at all stages. The effect of mulching on average daily Cd uptake was the greatest during the range of 30～63 days, which was 3.62 g·hm-2·d~(-1) and 3.10 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1) for the film mulching and no film mulching field treatment, respectively.The two lowest average daily Cd uptake stages were in the range of 0～30 days(0.90 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1) and 0.26 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1), respectively)and 214～240 days(0.20 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1) and 0.25 g·hm~(-2)·d~(-1), respectively). Under the film mulching and no film mulching field treatment, the total Cd uptake by S. plumbizincicola was 447.00 g·hm~(-2) and 329.85 g·hm~(-2), respectively, and the soil Cd removal rate was 16.18% and 12.16%,respectively. In general, compared with the no film mulching field treatment, film mulching significantly increase plant biomass, Cd uptake,and the soil Cd removal rate by S. plumbizincicola.
引文
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[2]Liu Y,Su C,Zhang H,et al.Interaction of soil heavy metal pollution with industrialisation and the landscape pattern in Taiyuan City,China[J].PLoS One,2014,9(9):e105798.
[3]Shi W L,Ma X Y.Effects of heavy metal Cd pollution on microbial activities in soil[J].Annals of Agricultural&Environmental Medicine Aaem,2017,24(4):722-725.
[4]Hoseinzadeh E,Rahmanie A R.Evaluation of cadmium removal efficiency from aqueous solution by activated carbon derived from scrap tire[J].Koomesh,2014,15(4):557-566.
[5]徐剑锋,王雷,熊瑛,等.土壤重金属污染强化植物修复技术研究进展[J].环境工程技术学报,2017,7(3):366-373.XU Jian-feng,WANG Lei,XIONG Ying,et al.Research progress on strengthening phytoremediation technologies for heavy metals contaminated soil[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2017,7(3):366-373.
[6]Sarwar N,Imran M,Shaheen M R,et al.Phytoremediation strategies for soils contaminated with heavy metals:Modifications and future perspectives[J].Chemosphere,2016,171:710-721.
[7]张继舟,王宏韬,袁磊,等.重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(14):134-139.ZHANG Ji-zhou,WANG Hong-tao,YUAN Lei,et al.Research on phytoremediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(14):134-139.
[8]吴龙华,李娜,毕德,等.锌镉复合污染土壤的植物修复方法[P].200710020380.5.2007-08-15.WU Long-hua,LI Na,BI De,et al.Phytoremediation method for zinccadmium complex contaminated soil[P].200710020380.5.2007-08-15.
[9]骆永明.镉锌污染土壤的超积累植物修复研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.LUO Yong-ming.Study on hyperaccumulatory phytoremediation of cadmium and zinc contaminated[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.
[10]居述云,汪洁,宓彦彦,等.重金属污染土壤的伴矿景天-小麦-茄子间作和轮作修复[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2181-2186.JU Shu-yun,WANG Jie,MI Yan-yan,et al.Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by intercropping with Sedum plumbizincicola and Triticum aestivum and rotation with Solanum melongena[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(8):2181-2186.
[11]李思亮,李娜,徐礼生,等.不同生境下锌镉在伴矿景天不同叶龄叶中的富集与分布特征[J].土壤,2010,42(3):446-452.LI Si-liang,LI Na,XU Li-sheng,et al.Characters of Zn and Cd accumulation and distribution in leaves of Sedum plumbizincicola at different ages[J].Soils,2010,42(3):446-452.
[12]刘玲,吴龙华,李娜,等.种植密度对镉锌污染土壤伴矿景天植物修复效率的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3422-3426.LIU Ling,WU Long-hua,LI Na,et al.Effect of planting densities on yields and zinc and cadmium uptake by Sedum plumbizincicola[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(11):3422-3426.
[13]沈丽波,吴龙华,韩晓日,等.养分调控对超积累植物伴矿景天生长及锌镉吸收性的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(2):221-225.SHEN Li-bo,WU Long-hua,HAN Xiao-ri,et al.Effects of nutrient regulation and control on plant growth and Zn/Cd uptake by hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola[J].Soils,2011,43(2):221-225.
[14]崔立强,吴龙华,李娜,等.水分特征对伴矿景天生长和重金属吸收性的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(4):572-576.CUI Li-qiang,WU Long-hua,LI Na,et al.Effects of soil moisture on growth and uptake of heavy metals of Sedum plumbizincicola[J].Soils,2009,41(4):572-576.
[15]李娜,唐明灯,崔立强,等.光照强度对伴矿景天生长和锌镉吸收性的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(2):370-373.LI Na,TANG Ming-deng,CUI Li-qiang,et al.Effects of light intensity on plant growth and zinc and cadmium uptake by Sedum plumbizincicola[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(2):370-373.
[16]赵冰,沈丽波,程苗苗,等.麦季间作伴矿景天对不同土壤小麦-水稻生长及锌镉吸收性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(10):2725-2731.ZHAO Bing,SHEN Li-bo,CHENG Miao-miao,et al.Effects of intercropping Sedum plumbizincicola in wheat growth season under wheatrice rotation on the crops growth and their heavy metals uptake from different soil types[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(10):2725-2731.
[17]能凤娇,吴龙华,刘鸿雁,等.芹菜与伴矿景天间作对污泥农用锌镉污染土壤化学与微生物性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(5):1428-1434.NENG Feng-jiao,WU Long-hua,LIU Hong-yan,et al.Effects of intercropping Sedum plumbizincicola and Apium graceolens on the soil chemical and microbiological properties under the contamination of zinc and cadmium from sewage sludge application[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(5):1428-1434.
[18]Deng L,Li Z,Wang J,et al.Long-term field phytoextraction of zinc/cadmium contaminated soil by Sedum plumbizincicola under different agronomic strategies[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,2015,18(2):134-140.
[19]崔纪菡,孟建,刘猛,等.不同类型地膜的谷地杂草防除效果和土壤水温效应研究[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(1):6-11.CUI Ji-han,MENG Jian,LIU Meng,et al.Effect of plastic mulch types on weeds control and soil moisture and temperature of foxtail millet field[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2017,21(1):6-11.
[20]Wang Y P,Li X G,Jing Z,et al.Multi-site assessment of the effects1049of plastic-film mulch on dryland maize productivity in semiarid areas in China[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2016,220:160-169.
[21]Clemens S,Palmgren M G,Kr?mer U.A long way ahead:Understanding and engineering plant metal accumulation[J].Trends in Plant Science,2002,7(7):309-315.
[22]杜菡影.超积累植物东南景天对镉的耐受作用研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2013.DU Han-ying.Studies on the mechanisms of cadmium tolerance in hyperaccumulating Sedium alfredii[D].Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2013.
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