不同氮肥条件下水稻产量和叶片荧光参数差异性分析
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摘要
【目的】探讨间歇灌溉配施不同施氮量对寒区黑土水稻荧光参数的影响。【方法】采用田间试验方法,利用LI-6400XT型光合仪测定不同施氮量(0、60、85、110、135、160 kg/hm~2)下水稻叶片叶绿素荧光参数。【结果】通过对各叶绿素荧光参数的权重进行分析,发现PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)较其他荧光参数指标更为重要。不同生育期的PSⅡ实际光化学效率ΦPSII均可用Gaussian函数进行描述,分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期的决定系数R~2分别为0.84、0.78、0.58。基于加速遗传算法优化的灰色关联投影模型对6个施氮肥处理分析比较后,发现施氮量为110 kg/hm~2的处理光合能力最佳;且当施氮量为110 kg/hm~2时,产量最高。【结论】当施氮量为110 kg/hm~2时,通过模型及产量评价为最佳施氮肥处理。
【Objective】The aim of this paper is to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizations on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield of rice with alternate irrigation in black soils in cold region.【Method】Field experiment was conducted, in which the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves with five fertilizations were studied: 0 kg/hm~2, 60 kg/hm~2, 85 kg/hm~2, 110 kg/hm~2, 135 kg/hm~2 and 160 kg/hm~2. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined by the LI-6400 xt photosynthetic apparatus.【Result】The measured weight of each chlorophyⅡfluorescence parameter revealed that the PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency was more important than other fluorescence parameters. The change of the PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency during the growth period can be described by the Gaussian function, with the determinant coefficient R~2 at tillering,jointing-booting and flowering stage being 0.84, 0.78 and 0.58, respectively. We analyzed and compared the effect of all treatments based on the grey relation projection model solved using the accelerating genetic algorithm optimization method, finding that the photosynthetic capacity under 110 kg/hm~2 was the best. When the nitrogen application was 110 kg/hm~2, the yield was the highest.【Conclusion】The fluorescence parameters were the best when the nitrogen application was 110 kg/hm~2. The model evaluating the yield showed that 110 kg/hm~2 is the best nitrogen application.
【Objective】The aim of this paper is to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizations on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield of rice with alternate irrigation in black soils in cold region.【Method】Field experiment was conducted, in which the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves with five fertilizations were studied: 0 kg/hm~2, 60 kg/hm~2, 85 kg/hm~2, 110 kg/hm~2, 135 kg/hm~2 and 160 kg/hm~2. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined by the LI-6400 xt photosynthetic apparatus.【Result】The measured weight of each chlorophyⅡfluorescence parameter revealed that the PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency was more important than other fluorescence parameters. The change of the PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency during the growth period can be described by the Gaussian function, with the determinant coefficient R~2 at tillering,jointing-booting and flowering stage being 0.84, 0.78 and 0.58, respectively. We analyzed and compared the effect of all treatments based on the grey relation projection model solved using the accelerating genetic algorithm optimization method, finding that the photosynthetic capacity under 110 kg/hm~2 was the best. When the nitrogen application was 110 kg/hm~2, the yield was the highest.【Conclusion】The fluorescence parameters were the best when the nitrogen application was 110 kg/hm~2. The model evaluating the yield showed that 110 kg/hm~2 is the best nitrogen application.
引文
[1]李远华,张祖莲,赵长友,等.水稻间歇灌溉的节水增产机理研究[J].中国农村水利水电,1998(11):12-15,46.
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[3]余双,崔远来,王力,等.水稻间歇灌溉对土壤肥力的影响[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2016,49(1):46-53.
[4]叶永棋,卢成,郑世宗,等.南方丘陵区稻田节水增效减污灌溉技术研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(11):6-10.
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[6]李双喜,杨曾奖,徐大平,等.施氮量对檀香幼苗生长及养分积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):807-814.
[7]郑顺林,杨世民,李世林,等.氮肥水平对马铃薯光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(1):1-9.
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[9]吴倩婷,潘玲华,路晓宏,等.施肥对楸树生长及叶片荧光特征的影响[J].浙江林业科技,2013,33(6):73-76.
[10]郭相平,王甫,王振昌,等.不同灌溉模式对水稻抽穗后叶绿素荧光特征及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(3):1-6.
[11]陆红飞,郭相平,甄博,等.旱涝交替胁迫条件下水稻叶绿素荧光特性[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(12):24-28.
[12]杨益,于军琪,李璐.基于AGA-PPGE的大型公共建筑室内环境质量评价[J].建筑电气,2014,33(5):38-42.
[13]周会军,肖英杰,张浩,等.基于改进灰色关联分析法的码头设计方案优选[J].上海海事大学学报,2011,32(3):11-15.
[14]张超,郑恩楠,张忠学.基于灰色关联投影模型大豆高产栽培调亏灌溉制度评价[J].节水灌溉,2017(6):38-40,45.
[15]金微微,王炎,张会慧,等.干旱胁迫下不同施氮水平对烤烟幼苗光合系统PSⅡ功能的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(4):21-26.
[16]李双喜,杨曾奖,徐大平,等.施氮量对檀香幼苗生长及养分积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):807-814.
[17]张旺锋,勾玲,王振林,等.氮肥对新疆高产棉花叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(8):893-898.
[18]GRASSI G,MEIR P,CROMER R,et al.Photosynthetic parameters in seedlings of eucalyptus grandis as affected by rate of nitrogen supply[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2002,25(12):1 677-1 688.
[19]梁秋霞,曹刚强,苏明杰,等.植物叶片衰老研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(8):282-285.
[20]于雪,黄嘉鑫,王玉波,等.氮肥对甜菜叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(10):1 918-1 923.
[21]杨艳君.施肥和密度对张杂谷5号生理特性和产量构成的影响[D].太原:山西农业大学,2013.
[22]龙继锐,马国辉,万宜珍,等.施氮量对超级杂交中稻生育后期剑叶叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(5):501-507.
[23]NAKAJI,TATSURO,FUKAMI MOTOHIRE,DOKIYA YUKIKE,et al.Effects of high nitrogen load on growth,photosynthesis and nutrient status of cryptomeria japonica and pinus densiflora seedlings[J].Trees-Structure and Function,2001,15(8):453-461.
[24]李刚华,薛利红,尤娟,等.水稻氮素和叶绿素SPAD叶位分布特点及氮素诊断的叶位选择[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(6):1 127-1 134.
[25]乔玉强,曹承富,赵竹,等.秸秆还田与施氮量对小麦产量和品质及赤霉病发生的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(4):727-731.
[26]张忠学,郑恩楠,王长明,等.不同水氮处理对水稻荧光参数和光合特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):176-183.
[27]赵宏伟,陈宾宾,邹德堂,等.灌溉方式和氮肥用量对水稻群体生长特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(1):32-35.
[2]田亚芹,冯利平,邹海平,等.不同水分和氮素处理对寒地水稻生育及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6 864-6 871.
[3]余双,崔远来,王力,等.水稻间歇灌溉对土壤肥力的影响[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2016,49(1):46-53.
[4]叶永棋,卢成,郑世宗,等.南方丘陵区稻田节水增效减污灌溉技术研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(11):6-10.
[5]邹铁祥,戴廷波,姜东,等.氮、钾水平对小麦花后旗叶光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(10):1 667-1 673.
[6]李双喜,杨曾奖,徐大平,等.施氮量对檀香幼苗生长及养分积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):807-814.
[7]郑顺林,杨世民,李世林,等.氮肥水平对马铃薯光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(1):1-9.
[8]廖兴国,郭圣茂,刘亮英,等.不同氮素水平对桔梗叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].福建林业科技,2014,41(3):57-60.
[9]吴倩婷,潘玲华,路晓宏,等.施肥对楸树生长及叶片荧光特征的影响[J].浙江林业科技,2013,33(6):73-76.
[10]郭相平,王甫,王振昌,等.不同灌溉模式对水稻抽穗后叶绿素荧光特征及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(3):1-6.
[11]陆红飞,郭相平,甄博,等.旱涝交替胁迫条件下水稻叶绿素荧光特性[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(12):24-28.
[12]杨益,于军琪,李璐.基于AGA-PPGE的大型公共建筑室内环境质量评价[J].建筑电气,2014,33(5):38-42.
[13]周会军,肖英杰,张浩,等.基于改进灰色关联分析法的码头设计方案优选[J].上海海事大学学报,2011,32(3):11-15.
[14]张超,郑恩楠,张忠学.基于灰色关联投影模型大豆高产栽培调亏灌溉制度评价[J].节水灌溉,2017(6):38-40,45.
[15]金微微,王炎,张会慧,等.干旱胁迫下不同施氮水平对烤烟幼苗光合系统PSⅡ功能的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(4):21-26.
[16]李双喜,杨曾奖,徐大平,等.施氮量对檀香幼苗生长及养分积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):807-814.
[17]张旺锋,勾玲,王振林,等.氮肥对新疆高产棉花叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(8):893-898.
[18]GRASSI G,MEIR P,CROMER R,et al.Photosynthetic parameters in seedlings of eucalyptus grandis as affected by rate of nitrogen supply[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2002,25(12):1 677-1 688.
[19]梁秋霞,曹刚强,苏明杰,等.植物叶片衰老研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(8):282-285.
[20]于雪,黄嘉鑫,王玉波,等.氮肥对甜菜叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(10):1 918-1 923.
[21]杨艳君.施肥和密度对张杂谷5号生理特性和产量构成的影响[D].太原:山西农业大学,2013.
[22]龙继锐,马国辉,万宜珍,等.施氮量对超级杂交中稻生育后期剑叶叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(5):501-507.
[23]NAKAJI,TATSURO,FUKAMI MOTOHIRE,DOKIYA YUKIKE,et al.Effects of high nitrogen load on growth,photosynthesis and nutrient status of cryptomeria japonica and pinus densiflora seedlings[J].Trees-Structure and Function,2001,15(8):453-461.
[24]李刚华,薛利红,尤娟,等.水稻氮素和叶绿素SPAD叶位分布特点及氮素诊断的叶位选择[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(6):1 127-1 134.
[25]乔玉强,曹承富,赵竹,等.秸秆还田与施氮量对小麦产量和品质及赤霉病发生的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(4):727-731.
[26]张忠学,郑恩楠,王长明,等.不同水氮处理对水稻荧光参数和光合特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):176-183.
[27]赵宏伟,陈宾宾,邹德堂,等.灌溉方式和氮肥用量对水稻群体生长特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(1):32-35.