放电等离子体对电磁波散射的实验研究
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摘要
本文研究空心阴极放电特性及其产生的非均匀等离子体和阵列对电磁波的散射特性。利用矩形和圆柱形空心阴极放电产生高密度等离子体,实验测试了其伏安特性曲线;利用微波法测试并计算了放电等离子体的密度;利用矢量网络分析仪测试了电磁波通过不同形状等离子体后的传输系数。结果表明:空心阴极放电等离子体具有较高密度,与放电电流有关;片状等离子体可以有效阻挡X-波段微波;非均匀等离子体柱可将电磁波散射到侧向,散射峰在±15°方向,且峰值随着放电电流(或等离子体密度)的增加而增大;紧密排列的等离子体柱阵列对微波的反射和透射与片状等离子体相似,可以替代大面积平面等离子体进行微波散射实验。
We investigated the characteristics of hollow cathode discharge(HCD) and the scattering of electromagnetic wave on HCD plasmas. The volt-ampere characteristic curves of rectangular and column HCDs were measured experimentally and the plasma density was obtained by using the method of microwave measurement. Moreover, we investigated the transmission coefficients of electromagnetic wave interacting with several kinds of plasmas. The results show that HCD can generate high-density plasma density depending on the discharge current. A sheet HCD plasma can sufficiently block x-band microwaves. The plasma column of cylindrical HCD can scatter the electromagnetic wave to the lateral directions, with the peaks at an angle of ±15°. The peak value increases with the discharge current(or plasma density). A well-arranged plasma array can act as planar plasma when acting with electromagnetic waves.
We investigated the characteristics of hollow cathode discharge(HCD) and the scattering of electromagnetic wave on HCD plasmas. The volt-ampere characteristic curves of rectangular and column HCDs were measured experimentally and the plasma density was obtained by using the method of microwave measurement. Moreover, we investigated the transmission coefficients of electromagnetic wave interacting with several kinds of plasmas. The results show that HCD can generate high-density plasma density depending on the discharge current. A sheet HCD plasma can sufficiently block x-band microwaves. The plasma column of cylindrical HCD can scatter the electromagnetic wave to the lateral directions, with the peaks at an angle of ±15°. The peak value increases with the discharge current(or plasma density). A well-arranged plasma array can act as planar plasma when acting with electromagnetic waves.
引文
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[2]LIN M, XU HJ, WEI X L, et al. Numerical and experimental investi-gation on the attenuation ofelectromagnetic waves in unmagnetizedplasmas using inductively coupled plasma actuator[J]. Plasma Scienceand Technology, 2015, 17(10):847-852.
[3]LIU J F, XI X L, WAN G B, et al. Simulation of electromagnetic wavepropagationthroughplasmasheathusingthemoving-windowfi-nite-difference time-domain method[J]. IEEE Transactions on PlasmaScience, 2011, 39(3):852-855.
[4]STARKLOFF R, POSTLER R, AL-MALIKI W A K, et al. Investiga-tion into gas dynamics in an oxy fuel coal fired boiler during masterfuel trip and blackout[J]. Journal of Process Control, 2016, 41:67-75.
[5]王卫民,张艺瀚,贾敏,等.等离子体覆盖金属目标的电磁散射特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(7):2084-2089.WANG J W, ZHANG Y H, JIA M, et al. Electromagnetic scatteringcharacteristics of plasma-covered metallic targets[J]. High Voltage En-gineering, 2014, 40(7):2084-2089
[6]JAZIB,RAHMANIZ,SHOKRIB.Reflectionandabsorptionofelectromagneticwavepropagationinaninhomogeneousdissipativemagnetizedplasmaslab[J].IEEETransactionsonPlasmaScience,2013, 41(2):290-295.
[7]SONG W, ZHANG H. Analysis of electromagnetic wave propagationandscatteringcharacteristicsofplasmasheathviahighorderADE-ADIFDTD[J].JournalofElectromagneticWaves&Applica-tions, 2016, 30(10):1321-1333.
[8]LAROUSSI M,ROTHJR.Numericalcalculationofthereflection,absorption, and transmission of microwaves by a nonuni-form plasmaslab[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1993, 21(4):366-372.
[9]SOLTANMORADIE,SHOKRIB,SIAHPOUSHV.Studyofelec-tro-magneticwavescatteringfromaninhomogeneousplasmalayerusing Green’s function volume integral equation meth-od[J]. Physicsof Plasmas, 2016, 23(3):733-741.
[10]GHAFFARIOSKOOEISS,AGHAMIRFM.Scatteringofelec-tro-magneticwavesfromamagnetizedplasmacolumnatobliqueincidence[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2015, 118(2):7389-7400.
[11]KIMHC,VERBONCOEURJP.Reflection,absorptionandtrans-mission of TE electromagnetic waves propagation in a nonuni-formplasmaslab[J].ComputerPhysicsCommunications,2007,177(1):118-121.
[12]TANG D L, SUN A P, QIU X M, et al. Interaction of electromagneticwaves with a magnetized nonuniform plasma slab[J]. IEEE Transac-tions on Plasma Science, 2003, 31(3):405-410.
[13]WANG G B, ZHANGL, HE F, et al. Numerical study on microwavescattering by various plasma objects[J]. Plasma Science and Technol-ogy, 2016, 18(8):791-797.
[14]WANG Z B, LI B W, NIE Q Y, et al. Study on the electromagneticwaves propagation characteristics in partially ionized plasma slabs[J].Aip Advances, 2016, 6(5):424.
[15]吴小坡,时家明,许波,等.平面电磁波在非均匀等离子体柱上的散射研究[J].真空科学与技术学报,2012,32(11):1003-1008.WU Xiaopo, SHI Jiaming, XU Bo, et al. Scattering of plane electro-magnetic waves on a non-uniform plasma column[J]. Chinese Journalof Vacuum Science and Technology,2012, 32(11):1003-1008.
[16]SOLTANMORADI E, SHOKRI B. Study of scattering cross section ofaplasmacolumnusingGreen’sfunctionvolumeintegralequationmethod[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2017, 24(5):733-741.
[17]ZHANGL,OUYANGJT.Numericalinvestigationofamicro-wave-bandsurfaceplasmonexcitedonanoverdenseplasmacylinder[J].JournalofPhysicsD:AppliedPhysics,2016,49(19):195105.
[18]GAO R L, YUAN C X, JIA J S, et al. Broadband microwave propaga-tion in a novel large volume glow discharge argonplasma[C]∥11thInternationalSymposiumonAntennas.Guilin,China:[s.n.],2016:194-197.
[19]ZHANGL,OUYANGJT.Microwavesscatteringbyunderdenseinhomogeneousplasmacolumn[J].PlasmaScienceandTechnology,2016, 18(3):266-272.
[20]赵日康,张紫浩,张林,等.圆柱形等离子体对微波散射的数值模拟与实验研究[J].强激光与粒子束,2017,29(5):33-39.ZHAO Rikang, ZHANG Zihao, ZHANG Lin, et al. Microwave scat-teringbyinhomogeneousplasmacolumn[J].HighPowerLaserandParticle Beams, 2017, 29(5):33-39.
[21]SERGEICHEVKF,LUKINANA,FESENKOAA.Long-livedAr-Hg plasma in the afterglow of a high-current pulsed discharge[J].Plasma Physics Reports, 2013, 39(2):144-154.
[22]HEX,ZHANGYC,CHENJ,etal.Collisionabsorptionandreso-nanceabsorptionofelectromagneticwavesbyarrayplasma[C]∥InternationalSymposiumonAntennas.Xi’an,China:[s.n.],2012:795-798.
[23]NAITOT,YAMAMOTOK,YAMAURAS,etal.Investigationofelectromagneticwavepropagationthroughone-dimensionalplasmaarray[C]∥European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. Lisbon,Portugal:[s.n.], 2015:1-5.
[24]曾杰,时家明,刘洋,等.等离子体阵列对电磁波反射的影响[J].真空科学与技术学报,2017,37(3):277-280.ZENG Jie, SHI Jiaming, LIU Yang, et al. Reflection of electromagnet-icwavefromplasmatubearray[J].ChineseJournalofVacuumScience and Technology,2017, 37(3):277-280.
[25]AUCIELLO O, FLAMM D L. Index-plasma diagnostics:dischargeparametersandchemistry[M].Amsterdam,Holland:ElsevierInc,PlasmaDiagnostics:DischargeParameters&Chemistry,1989:447-456.
[26]叶超.低气压低温等离子体诊断原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.YE Chao. Principle and technology of diagnosis on low pressure andtemperature plasma[M]. Beijing, China:Science Press, 2010.