集成小型堆和可再生能源的超临界CO_2循环发电系统
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摘要
[目的]小型模块化压水堆(小型堆)核电站由于温度参数低,其发电效率不到30%,为了提高小型堆的核能利用效率,可将小型堆与可再生能源组合,并以先进的超临界CO_2循环作为热能转换为电能的装置。[方法]基于简单回热模式的超临界CO_2循环,并在此基础上增加一次间冷和一次再热,将小型堆与太阳能、生物质能热源集成为新型混合发电系统,对其发电效率进行了分析。[结果]结果表明:对于高压透平入口温度390℃的系统,发电效率34.13%,对于高压透平入口温度550℃的系统,发电效率41.22%。此外,对系统的安全性分析表明:CO_2本身是具备核安全属性的工质,并且超临界CO_2循环还可以作为反应堆的非能动余热排出系统,确保在严重事故工况下,反应堆持续排出衰变热。[结论]集成小型堆和可再生能源的超临界CO_2循环发电系统具备良好的发电效率和核安全性。
[Introduction]Because of the low temperature parameter, the power generation efficiency of the small modular PWR nuclear power plant is less than 30%. [Method]In order to improve the efficiency of the nuclear energy utilization, the small modular reactor can be combined with the renewable energy and the advanced supercritical CO_2 cycle was used as the thermal energy conversion device. Based on a supercritical CO_2 cycle with a simple regenerative mode, adding one intercooling and one reheating, a new hybrid power generation system was integrated with a small reactor and a solar energy source and a biomass energy source, and the efficiency of the power generation was analyzed. [Result]The results show that the power generation efficiency is 34.13% and 41.22% for the system with the inlet temperature of the high pressure turbine at 390 ℃ and 550 ℃, respectively. In addition, the analysis of the safety of the system shows that the CO_2 itself has the nuclear safety property, and the supercritical CO_2 cycle can also be used as the passive waste heat discharge system of the reactor to ensure that the reactor continuously exhaust the decay heat under the severe accident condition. [Conclusion]Supercritical CO_2 cycle power system integrated with small modular reactor and renewable energy source has good power generation efficiency and nuclear safety.
[Introduction]Because of the low temperature parameter, the power generation efficiency of the small modular PWR nuclear power plant is less than 30%. [Method]In order to improve the efficiency of the nuclear energy utilization, the small modular reactor can be combined with the renewable energy and the advanced supercritical CO_2 cycle was used as the thermal energy conversion device. Based on a supercritical CO_2 cycle with a simple regenerative mode, adding one intercooling and one reheating, a new hybrid power generation system was integrated with a small reactor and a solar energy source and a biomass energy source, and the efficiency of the power generation was analyzed. [Result]The results show that the power generation efficiency is 34.13% and 41.22% for the system with the inlet temperature of the high pressure turbine at 390 ℃ and 550 ℃, respectively. In addition, the analysis of the safety of the system shows that the CO_2 itself has the nuclear safety property, and the supercritical CO_2 cycle can also be used as the passive waste heat discharge system of the reactor to ensure that the reactor continuously exhaust the decay heat under the severe accident condition. [Conclusion]Supercritical CO_2 cycle power system integrated with small modular reactor and renewable energy source has good power generation efficiency and nuclear safety.
引文
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[2] AHN Y,BAE S J,KIM M,et al.Review of supercritical CO2 power cycle technology and current status of research and development [J].Nuclear Engineering and Technology,2015,47(6):647-661.
[3] 郑开云.超临界二氧化碳循环应用于火力发电的研究现状 [J].南方能源建设,2017,4(3):39-47.ZHENG K Y.Current status of research on the application of supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle in fossil fired power generation [J].Southern Energy Construction,2017,4(3):39-47.
[4] WEILAND N.THIMSEN D.A practical look at assumptions and constraints for steady state modeling of sCO2 Brayton power cycles [C]//Southwest Research Institute.Proceedings of Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle Symposium,San Antonio,Mar.28-31,2016.San Antonio:Southwest Research Institute,2016:1-14.
[5] KULHANEK M,DOSTAL V.Thermodynamic analysis and comparison of supercritical carbon dioxide cycles [C]//Southwest Research Institute.Proceedings of Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle Symposium,Boulder,Colorado,May 24-25,2011.Boulder:Southwest Research Institute,2011:2-8.
[6] 郑开云.超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环效率分析 [J].发电设备,2017,31(5):305-309.ZHENG K Y.Efficiency analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle [J].Power Equipment,2017,31(5):305-309.
[7] BURHANUDDIN H,KUNE Y.Computational analysis of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle power conversion system for fusion reactor [J].Energy Conversion and Management,2012,63(11):38-43.
[8] JENSEN S E,NONBOL E.Description of the magnox type of gas cooled reactor(MAGNOX) [M].Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency,1998.
[9] DOSTAL V.A supercritical carbon dioxide cycle for next generation nuclear reactors [D].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2004.
[10] LAVANTE D V,KUHN D,LAVANTE E V.Self-propelling cooling systems:back-fitting passive cooling functions to existing nuclear power plants [C]//American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Proceedings of the 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering,California,July 30-Aug.3,2012.California:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2012:663-672.