酶调节剂对烟草氮代谢及其化学成分的影响
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摘要
为调控旺长期烟株氮代谢活动,解决大理地区烟叶成熟度差的问题,分别在旺长期和成熟期研究了不同酶调节剂对烟叶氮代谢关键酶活性及烟叶化学成分的影响。结果显示,在旺长期喷施钼酸铵7 d后,中部叶和上部叶NR活性分别提高了6.56%和17.57%,GS活性分别提高了22.17%和15.24%,蛋白质含量升高了6.00%和5.02%,氮代谢明显增强;在成熟期对生长过旺烟株喷施钨酸钠和草丁膦4 d后,烟叶氮代谢活动减弱,上部叶NR活性分别下降了8.55%和18.55%,GS活性分别下降了5.33%和11.58%%,烟叶总氮、烟碱和蛋白质含量均下降,糖碱比增大,对解决烟叶成熟度差和提高烟叶可用性有利。就调控烟叶氮代谢效果和烤后烟叶化学成分协调性而言,以旺长期喷施钼酸铵和成熟期喷施草丁膦最佳。
The field experiments of spraying different enzyme modulators were carried out to enhance nitrogen metabolism during the fast growth stage with the purpose of solving the tobacco maturity problem in Dali area. To this end, activities of the key enzymes in nitrogen metabolism and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were measured. The results showed that spraying ammonium molybdate could increase nitrogen metabolism and the basic materials in the formation of high quality tobacco. Seven days after spraying ammonium molybdate at the rapid growth stage, nitrate reductase(NR) activity, glutamine synthetase(GS) activity and protein content increased by 6.56%, 22.17%, 6.00% and 17.57%, 15.24%, 5.02% in middle and upper leaves, respectively. After spraying sodium tungstate and glufosinate at the maturity stage, nitrogen metabolism had been weakened with nitrate reductase(NR) activity and glutamine synthetase(GS) activity decreased by 8.55%, 18.55% and 5.33%, 11.58% in middle and upper leaves, respectively. Total nitrogen content, nicotine content, protein content decreased, while reducing sugar/nicotine ratio increased. The methods of spraying ammonium molybdate during the fast growth stage and spraying glufosinate during the mature period were effective in regulating nitrogen metabolism and chemical components of tobacco.
The field experiments of spraying different enzyme modulators were carried out to enhance nitrogen metabolism during the fast growth stage with the purpose of solving the tobacco maturity problem in Dali area. To this end, activities of the key enzymes in nitrogen metabolism and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were measured. The results showed that spraying ammonium molybdate could increase nitrogen metabolism and the basic materials in the formation of high quality tobacco. Seven days after spraying ammonium molybdate at the rapid growth stage, nitrate reductase(NR) activity, glutamine synthetase(GS) activity and protein content increased by 6.56%, 22.17%, 6.00% and 17.57%, 15.24%, 5.02% in middle and upper leaves, respectively. After spraying sodium tungstate and glufosinate at the maturity stage, nitrogen metabolism had been weakened with nitrate reductase(NR) activity and glutamine synthetase(GS) activity decreased by 8.55%, 18.55% and 5.33%, 11.58% in middle and upper leaves, respectively. Total nitrogen content, nicotine content, protein content decreased, while reducing sugar/nicotine ratio increased. The methods of spraying ammonium molybdate during the fast growth stage and spraying glufosinate during the mature period were effective in regulating nitrogen metabolism and chemical components of tobacco.
引文
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[21]梁亮,陈洁,苏小俊,等.根系硝酸还原酶对小白菜硝酸盐吸收和代谢的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2008,(3):153-155.
[22]孙敏红,谢深喜,卢晓鹏,等.钨酸钠处理对枳幼苗生长及植株硝态氮含量的影响[J].经济林研究,2013,31(4):115-120.
[23]郭栋梁,王静杰,万小荣,等.外源脱落酸抑制花生种子发芽的生理机制[J].植物生理学通讯,2008,44(5):936-938.
[24]刘洪艳,弭晓菊,崔继哲.Bar基因、PAT蛋白和草丁膦的特性与安全性[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(6):938-942.
[2]邹邦基,何雪晖.植物的营养[M].北京:农业出版社,1985:244-252.
[3]赵胜利,李章海,欧家林,等.植物钼素营养研究及其在烟草上的应用[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(16):31-35.
[4]张纪利.施钼对烤烟叶片硝酸还原酶活性、硝态氮含量及产质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(1):67-71.
[5]杨荣,邱炜红,王朝辉,等.硝酸还原酶抑制剂钨酸钠对油菜硝态氮积累的影响[J].植物生理学报,2012,48(1):51-56.
[6]李永光,黄文佳,周失,等.大豆对草丁膦敏感性研究[J].大豆科学,2011,20(5):749-751,756.
[7]张宏军.转基因水稻品系99-1对草铵膦抗性及竞争性的评价[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.
[8]张宏军,倪汉文,周志强,等.抗草铵膦转基因作物及其生物安全性研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2002,7(5):54-56.
[9]张宏军,刘学,张佳,等.草铵膦的作用机理及其应用[J].农药科学与管理,2004(4):23-27.
[10]赵天永,王国英,黄忠,等.玉米愈伤组织对草丁膦的抗性及氨基酸的影响[J].植物学报,1998,40(11):2-11.
[11]许东亚,孙军伟,杨惠娟,等.酶抑制剂对烤烟成熟期氮代谢及烤后烟叶品质的影响[J].烟草科技,2016,49(3):17-23.
[12]张晓海.云南植烟土壤状况及深耕技术[J].内蒙古农业科技,2010(5):98-100.
[13]费丽娜.云南省烟草种植区划适宜性评价研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2007.
[14]朱光新.云南昭通市植烟土壤环境质量及其对烟叶化学品质的影响研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.
[15]顾少龙,史宏志,苏菲.成熟期氮素调亏对烟叶质体色素降解和中性香气物质含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2012(5):207-212.
[16]宗浩.云南大理特色优质烤烟品质差异化及区划研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[17]邹琦.植物生理实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:56-59.
[18]O'NEAL D,JOY K W.Glutamine synthetase of pea leaves[J].Plant Physiol,1974,54:773-779.
[19]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:4.
[20]司江英,汪晓丽,陈平,等.硝酸还原酶抑制剂和NH4+对不同基因型水稻苗期NO3-吸收的影响[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2004,25(1):59-62.
[21]梁亮,陈洁,苏小俊,等.根系硝酸还原酶对小白菜硝酸盐吸收和代谢的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2008,(3):153-155.
[22]孙敏红,谢深喜,卢晓鹏,等.钨酸钠处理对枳幼苗生长及植株硝态氮含量的影响[J].经济林研究,2013,31(4):115-120.
[23]郭栋梁,王静杰,万小荣,等.外源脱落酸抑制花生种子发芽的生理机制[J].植物生理学通讯,2008,44(5):936-938.
[24]刘洪艳,弭晓菊,崔继哲.Bar基因、PAT蛋白和草丁膦的特性与安全性[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(6):938-942.