不同加热功率条件下钠钾合金热管启动和传热性能
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摘要
以钠钾合金(NaK-55)为工质进行实验,分别在800、1 000、1 200、1 400、1 600W的加热功率条件下对钠钾合金热管的启动和传热性能进行研究。实验结果表明:在800～1 600W加热功率范围内,在冷却水冷却条件下,该钠钾合金热管可以完全启动并进入稳定工作状态。随着加热功率的提高,热管外壁面温度整体略有增加,冷凝段启动时间缩短,钠钾合金热管的当量传热系数、蒸发区表面传热系数、冷凝区表面传热系数随加热功率的提高成线性增加。
A sodium-potassium ally(45-wt.%-Na and 55-wt.%-K)heat pipe was experimentally tested to investigate the effect of heating powers(800,1 000,1 200,1 400,and1 600 W)on start-up and heat transfer performances.The results showed that under the tested operation conditions,the sodium-potassium ally heat pipe presented an optimal start-up performance with the heating power.Within the range of 800-1600 Wof heating power,the heat pipe could achieve a dynamic equilibrium state of heat transfer as the heat was carried away by cooling water in time,and the heat transfer coefficient of the sodium-potassium ally heat pipe,convective heat transfer coefficients of evaporator and condenser sections almostlinearly increased with the heating power.
A sodium-potassium ally(45-wt.%-Na and 55-wt.%-K)heat pipe was experimentally tested to investigate the effect of heating powers(800,1 000,1 200,1 400,and1 600 W)on start-up and heat transfer performances.The results showed that under the tested operation conditions,the sodium-potassium ally heat pipe presented an optimal start-up performance with the heating power.Within the range of 800-1600 Wof heating power,the heat pipe could achieve a dynamic equilibrium state of heat transfer as the heat was carried away by cooling water in time,and the heat transfer coefficient of the sodium-potassium ally heat pipe,convective heat transfer coefficients of evaporator and condenser sections almostlinearly increased with the heating power.
引文
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[15]捷曼尔M G,胡亚才,冯踏青,等.钠钾合金高温热管性能试验研究[J].浙江大学学报,1999,33(4):414-417.GAMAL M G,HU Yacai,FENG Taqing,et al.Analysis on the properties of NaK alloy high temperature heatpipe and its experimental study[J].Journal of Zhejiang University,1999,33(4):414-417.(in Chinese)
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[20]郭青,郭航,闫小克,等.蒸发段长度对钠钾合金热管启动性能影响[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(8):1717-1720.GUO Qing,GUO Hang,YAN Xiaoke,et al.Effect of the evaporator length on start-up performance of sodium-potassium alloy heat pipe[J].Journal of Engineering Theromphysics,2016,37(8):1717-1720.(in Chinese)
[21]郭青,郭航,闫小克,等.钠钾合金热管启动性能实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(12):2508-2512.GUO Qing,GUO Hang,YAN Xiaoke,et al.Experimental study of start-up performance of sodium-potassium heat pipe[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2014,35(12):2508-2512.(in Chinese)
[22]贾先剑,郭航,郭青,等.不同加热温度下钠钾合金热管传热性能[J].应用能源技术,2016,3(3):7-11.JIA Xianjian,GUO Hang,GUO Qing,et al.Heat transfer performance of the sodium-potassium alloy heat pipe under different heating temperatures[J].Applied Energy Technology,2016,3(3):7-11.(in Chinese)
[23] LI Tie,JIANG Yuyan,LI Zhigang,et al.Loop thermosiphon as a feasible cooling method for the stators of gas turbine[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,109:449-453.
[24]赵蔚琳,庄俊,张红.蒸发段长度与充液量对钠热管启动过程的影响[J].化工机械,2003,30(5):259-262.ZHAO Weilin,ZHUANG Jun,ZHANG Hong.Influences of the evaporator length and liquid-filled content on the startup operation of the high temperature sodium heat pipes[J].Chemical Machinery,2003,30(5):259-262.(in Chinese)
[2] CHI S W.Heat pipe theory and practice[M].New York:McGrow Hill Co.,1976.
[3] GAUGLER R S.Heat transfer device:US2350348A[P].1944-06-06.
[4] COTTER T P.Theory of heat pipes[R].New Mexico:University of California USAEC Report,LA-3246,1964.
[5]寇志海,吕洪涛,赵国昌,等.一种微小型平板式热管的传热性能分析[J].航空动力学报,2017,32(2):275-279.KOU Zhihai,LHongtao,ZHAO Guochang,et al.Analysis on heat transfer performance of a micro-miniature flat heat pipe[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2017,32(2):275-279.(in Chinese)
[6]苏向辉.航空电子设备冷却用环路热管冷凝器热沉分析[J].航空动力学报,2010,25(9):1942-1947.SU Xianghui.Analysis of heat sink for rejected condenser heat of loop heat pipes for cooling avionics[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2010,25(9):1942-1947.(in Chinese)
[7]李红传,纪献兵,徐进良.仿生毛细芯平板热管性能研究[J].航空动力学报,2017,32(10):2403-2409.LI Hongchuan,JI Xianbing,XU Jinliang.Investigation on the performance of bionic wick flat heat pipes[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2017,32(10):2403-2409.(in Chinese)
[8]曲伟,王焕光.高温及超高温热管的相容性和传热性能[J].化工学报,2011,62(S1):77-81.QU Wei,WANG Huanguang.Compatibility and heat transfer of high and super high temperature heat pipes[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering,2011,62(S1):77-81.(in Chinese)
[9] COVENTRY J,ANDRAKA C,PYE J.A review of sodium receiver technologies for central receiver solar power plants[J].Solar Energy,2015,122(1):749-762.
[10]冯踏青.液态金属高温热管的理论和试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,1998.FENG Taqing.Theoretical and experimental research on liquid metal high temperature heat pipe[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,1998.(in Chinese)
[11] ANDERSON W G.Sodium-potassium(NaK)heat pipe[J].Heat Pipes and Capillary Pumped Loops,1993,236(1):47-53.
[12] CONWAY E C,KELIEY M J.A continuous heat pipe for spacecraft thermal control,aviation and space,progress and prospects-Ann[R].New York:Aviation and Space Conference,1968.
[13] CALIN T,ANDERSON W G,KARA W.NaK variable conductance heat pipe for radioisotope Stirling systems[R].Reston:6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference,2008.
[14]李桂云,屠进.高温热管工质的选择[J].节能技术,2001,19(105):42-44.LI Guiyun,TU Jin.Working fluid choicing for high temperature heat pipe[J].Energy Conservation Technology,2001,19(105):42-44.(in Chinese)
[15]捷曼尔M G,胡亚才,冯踏青,等.钠钾合金高温热管性能试验研究[J].浙江大学学报,1999,33(4):414-417.GAMAL M G,HU Yacai,FENG Taqing,et al.Analysis on the properties of NaK alloy high temperature heatpipe and its experimental study[J].Journal of Zhejiang University,1999,33(4):414-417.(in Chinese)
[16] ABOU S A,ARBEITER F,BAUMGAERTNER S,et al.Chemical compatibility of Eurofer steel with sodium-potassium NaK-78eutectic alloy[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2016,103(7):31-37.
[17] YAMAWAKI S,YOSHIDA T,TAKI M,et al.Fundamental heat transfer experiments of heat pipes for turbine cooling[J].American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1997,120(3):580-587.
[18] CARL L,CALIN T,NICHOLAS A.Optimized heat pipe backup cooling system tested with a Stirling convertor[R].Orlando FL:International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference,2015.
[19] WANG Chenglong,GUO Zhangpeng,ZHANG Dalin,et al.Transient behavior of the sodium-potassium alloy heat pipe in passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor[J].Progress in Nuclear Energy,2013,68(1):142-152.
[20]郭青,郭航,闫小克,等.蒸发段长度对钠钾合金热管启动性能影响[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(8):1717-1720.GUO Qing,GUO Hang,YAN Xiaoke,et al.Effect of the evaporator length on start-up performance of sodium-potassium alloy heat pipe[J].Journal of Engineering Theromphysics,2016,37(8):1717-1720.(in Chinese)
[21]郭青,郭航,闫小克,等.钠钾合金热管启动性能实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(12):2508-2512.GUO Qing,GUO Hang,YAN Xiaoke,et al.Experimental study of start-up performance of sodium-potassium heat pipe[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2014,35(12):2508-2512.(in Chinese)
[22]贾先剑,郭航,郭青,等.不同加热温度下钠钾合金热管传热性能[J].应用能源技术,2016,3(3):7-11.JIA Xianjian,GUO Hang,GUO Qing,et al.Heat transfer performance of the sodium-potassium alloy heat pipe under different heating temperatures[J].Applied Energy Technology,2016,3(3):7-11.(in Chinese)
[23] LI Tie,JIANG Yuyan,LI Zhigang,et al.Loop thermosiphon as a feasible cooling method for the stators of gas turbine[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,109:449-453.
[24]赵蔚琳,庄俊,张红.蒸发段长度与充液量对钠热管启动过程的影响[J].化工机械,2003,30(5):259-262.ZHAO Weilin,ZHUANG Jun,ZHANG Hong.Influences of the evaporator length and liquid-filled content on the startup operation of the high temperature sodium heat pipes[J].Chemical Machinery,2003,30(5):259-262.(in Chinese)
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