人工制备遗址土力学特性试验研究
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摘要
研究添加糯米浆的人工制备遗址土的基本特性,以期为土遗址修复的工作提供可靠试验依据。对加入相同糯米浆浓度、不同土与糯米浆质量比的人工制备遗址土,以及相同土与糯米浆质量比、不同糯米浆浓度的人工制备遗址土,进行电镜试验、渗透试验、侧限压缩试验、静力三轴试验和动力三轴试验,分别研究人工制备遗址土的微观结构特性、渗透性、压缩性、变形结构性参数、静力强度特性以及动力强度特性。主要得到以下结论:加入糯米浆的人工制备遗址土中相互独立的大孔隙增多,孔隙排列定向性强。随着糯米浆含量的增加,渗透系数逐渐减小。在同一土与糯米浆质量比下,干密度相同时,加入糯米浆密度为1.04 g/cm~3的人工制备遗址土的压缩指数最小,压缩模量最大,且在同一压力下,其结构性参数最大。随着糯米浆的密度或质量的增加,黏聚力c先增大后减小,存在一个峰值,而摩擦角不断减小,其余参数同样存在峰值。加入糯米浆使土的动强度与阻尼比有所提高,但动模量变化不大。综合分析,糯米浆密度为1.04 g/cm~3,土与糯米浆质量比为90∶10为人工制备遗址土的最优配比。
In order to provide a reliable basis for the repair work of ruin,the basic characteristics of the artificial ruin soil which was mixed with the glutinous rice syrup were studied. The electron microscopy,infiltration,confining compression,static triaxial and dynamic triaxial tests were carried out. The different weight ratios of soil and glutinous rice syrup with the same glutinous rice slurry concentration and the different glutinous rice slurry concentrations with the same weight ratio of soil and glutinous rice syrup were considered. The microstructure characteristics,permeability,compressibility,deformation and structural parameters,the static and dynamic strengths of the artificial ruins soil were studied. In the artificial ruins soil,the pore arrangements are directional with the more macro pores. The permeability coefficient is decreased with the increasing of the content of glutinous rice syrup. Under the conditions of same dry density and same weight ratio of soil to glutinous rice syrup,the compression index of artificial ruins soil with the glutinous rice with density of 1.04 g/cm~3 is the minimum and the compression modulus is the maximum. Under the same pressure,the structural parameter is the highest. With the increasing of the density or quality of glutinous rice paste,there is a peak value of the cohesion c,but the friction angle is continuously decreasing. There are also peak values for other parameters. Glutinous rice paste increase the dynamic strength and damping ratio,but the dynamic modulus changes a little. So the optimal ratio of the density of glutinous rice paste is 1.04 g/cm~3,and the optimal mass ratio is 90∶10.
In order to provide a reliable basis for the repair work of ruin,the basic characteristics of the artificial ruin soil which was mixed with the glutinous rice syrup were studied. The electron microscopy,infiltration,confining compression,static triaxial and dynamic triaxial tests were carried out. The different weight ratios of soil and glutinous rice syrup with the same glutinous rice slurry concentration and the different glutinous rice slurry concentrations with the same weight ratio of soil and glutinous rice syrup were considered. The microstructure characteristics,permeability,compressibility,deformation and structural parameters,the static and dynamic strengths of the artificial ruins soil were studied. In the artificial ruins soil,the pore arrangements are directional with the more macro pores. The permeability coefficient is decreased with the increasing of the content of glutinous rice syrup. Under the conditions of same dry density and same weight ratio of soil to glutinous rice syrup,the compression index of artificial ruins soil with the glutinous rice with density of 1.04 g/cm~3 is the minimum and the compression modulus is the maximum. Under the same pressure,the structural parameter is the highest. With the increasing of the density or quality of glutinous rice paste,there is a peak value of the cohesion c,but the friction angle is continuously decreasing. There are also peak values for other parameters. Glutinous rice paste increase the dynamic strength and damping ratio,but the dynamic modulus changes a little. So the optimal ratio of the density of glutinous rice paste is 1.04 g/cm~3,and the optimal mass ratio is 90∶10.
引文
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[9]ZHANG H,LIU Q,LIU T.The preservation damage of hydrophobic polymer coating materials in conservation of stone relics[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,2013,76:1 127–1 134.
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[11]谢定义,齐吉琳,朱元林.土的结构性参数及其与其变形强度的关系[J].水利学报,1999,30(10):1–6.(XIE Dingyi,QI Jilin,ZHU Yuanlin.Soil structure parameter and its relations to deformation and strength[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,30(10):1–6.(in Chinese))
[12]胡再强,沈珠江,谢定义.非饱和黄土的结构性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):775–779.(HU Zaiqiang,SHEN Zhujiang,XIE Dingyi.Research on structural behavior of unsaturated loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(6):775–779.(in Chinese))
[13]陈存礼,胡再强,谢定义.赤泥变形–强度特性与结构性关系的研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(12):1862–1866.(CHEN Cunli,HU Zaiqiang,XIE Dingyi.Research on the relationship between deformation-strength property and structure of red mud[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(12):1862–1866.(in Chinese)
[14]SHARMA S,JUDD W R.Under ground opening damage from earthquakes[J].Engineering Geology,1991,30(3):263–276.
[15]ASAKURA T,SATO Y.Mountain tunnels damage in the 1995Hyogoken—Nanbu Earthquake[R].Quarterly Report of the Railway Technical Research Institute(RTRI),1998,39(1):9–16.
[2]DOWDING C H,ROZEN A.Damage to rock tunnels from earthquake shaking[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,American Society of Civil Engineers,1978,104(2):175–191.
[3]中国科学院自然科学史研究所.中国古代建筑史[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:71–72.(Institute for History of Natural Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The history of ancient Chinese architectural technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985:71–72.(in Chinese))
[4]杨富巍,张秉坚,潘昌初,等.以糯米灰浆为代表的传统灰浆——中国古代重大发明之一[J].中国科学:E辑,2009,39(1):1–7.(YANG Fuwei,ZHANG Bingjian,PAN Changchu,et al.Traditional mortar represented by sticky rice lime mortar-one of the great inventions in ancient China[J].Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences,2009,39(1):1–7.(in Chinese))
[5]彭红涛,张琪,李乃胜,等.糯米浆对土遗址修复用三合土性能的影响[J].建筑材料科学,2011,14(5):718–722.(PENG Hongtao,ZHANG Qi,LI Naisheng,et al.Effect of sticky rice paste on properties of tabia used to repair ancient earthen ruins[J].Journal of building materials,2011,14(5):718–722.(in Chinese))
[6]陈佩杭,徐炯明,鬼塚克忠,等.桐油与石灰加固吉野里墓丘墓土的实验研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2009,21(4),59–65.(CHEN Peihang,XU Jiongming,ONITSUKA Katsutada,et al.Experimental research on reinforcement of soils from Yoshinogari funkyu tomb with tung oils and limes[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2009,21(4),59–65.(in Chinese))
[7]FANG S Q,ZHANG H,ZHANG B J.A study of Tung-oil-lime putty—a traditional lime based mortar[J].International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,48(2014)224–230.
[8]LIU R Z,ZHANG B J,ZHANG H.Deterioration of Yungang Grottoes:Diagnosis and research[J].Journal of Cultural Heritage2011,(12):494–499.
[9]ZHANG H,LIU Q,LIU T.The preservation damage of hydrophobic polymer coating materials in conservation of stone relics[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,2013,76:1 127–1 134.
[10]胡再强,沈珠江,谢定义.结构性黄土的变形特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(24):4 142–4 146.(HU Zaiqiang,SHEN Zhujiang,XIE Dingyi.Deformation properties of structural loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(24):4 142–4 146.(in Chinese))
[11]谢定义,齐吉琳,朱元林.土的结构性参数及其与其变形强度的关系[J].水利学报,1999,30(10):1–6.(XIE Dingyi,QI Jilin,ZHU Yuanlin.Soil structure parameter and its relations to deformation and strength[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,30(10):1–6.(in Chinese))
[12]胡再强,沈珠江,谢定义.非饱和黄土的结构性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):775–779.(HU Zaiqiang,SHEN Zhujiang,XIE Dingyi.Research on structural behavior of unsaturated loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(6):775–779.(in Chinese))
[13]陈存礼,胡再强,谢定义.赤泥变形–强度特性与结构性关系的研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(12):1862–1866.(CHEN Cunli,HU Zaiqiang,XIE Dingyi.Research on the relationship between deformation-strength property and structure of red mud[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(12):1862–1866.(in Chinese)
[14]SHARMA S,JUDD W R.Under ground opening damage from earthquakes[J].Engineering Geology,1991,30(3):263–276.
[15]ASAKURA T,SATO Y.Mountain tunnels damage in the 1995Hyogoken—Nanbu Earthquake[R].Quarterly Report of the Railway Technical Research Institute(RTRI),1998,39(1):9–16.