AWRA-L模型估算区域林冠降雨截留量
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摘要
目前模拟林冠截留的Gash模型的应用多是针对某一特定点或特定林分开展,而在区域范围内的应用国内尚无报道,在国外也仅见其在澳大利亚水资源评价系统AWRA.L模型中的应用。该研究介绍了AWRA-L(Australian water resources assessment-landscape)模型,并利用GI_。ASS LAI遥感数据结合浸水法获得的林冠持水量,使用该模型对试验点白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)天然次生林2013年的林冠截留进行模拟。结果显示,基于Van等改进过的Gash模型的AWRA.L模型和基于Gash(1979)模型的AWRA—L(1979)模型,对累积林冠截留模拟的绝对误差分别为-4.4和1.5 mm,相对误差分别为-8.7%和3.0%;对于单场降雨林冠截留的模拟结果显示,2模型的模拟误差值分别为(-0.15±1.64)和(-0.03±1.39)mm,模拟值与实测值之间无显著差异。研究结果说明结合GLASS LAI遥感数据,AWRA-L模型可以应用于区域范围林冠截留的模拟,模拟结果较好。
The application of the Gash model to simulate canopy interception is mostly on the study plot or a specified forest,and the application in a landscape scale is only reported in the Australian Water Resource Assessment system(AWRA-L).This study introduced the AWRA-L model,and aimed to simulate the interception loss of the natural secondary forest of birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.) during 2013 in China.The GLASS LAI data and submerging method were used to get the canopy capacity for different periods.The leaf area index(LAI) value obtained before germination was assumed to be the area of branches and trunks.While the LAI value obtained after germination was the area of the leaves,branches and trunks.The differences between the LAI values after and before germination were the area of leaves when the growing of branches and trunks was ignored.The submerging method showed that the water capacity of leaves and stems per unit area were 0.17 and 0.33 mm,respectively.The capacity of branches and trunks was 0.23 mm.The capacity of leaves was 0.04-0.51 mm.The mean canopy capacity was 0.60±0.14 mm.The intercept method showed the canopy capacity and the trunk capacity were 0.62 and 0.04 mm,respectively.The whole capacity of the birch forest in its over ground parts was 0.66 mm.The canopy capacity by the submerging method and the intercept method was not significantly different(P=0.23).Considering of the high canopy cover fraction of the birch forest,both the simulating results of AWRA-L model based on Van model and the AWRA-L(1979) model based on Gash(1979) model were discussed in the paper.For the 25 rain events measured during the experiment,the simulating errors of the cumulative interception loss obtained from the AWRA-L model and the AWRA-L(1979) model were-9.2 and-1.7 mm,respectively.The relative errors were-14.8%and-2.8%,respectively.Both the AWRA-L model and the AWRA-L(1979) model underestimated the interception loss.When the rain event on June 8 with the biggest simulating error was eliminated,the cumulative simulating errors of the AWRA-L model and the AWRA-L(1979) model were-4.4 and 1.5 mm,respectively.The relative errors were-8.7%and 3.0%,respectively.The mean errors of the simulating interception loss for single rain event by these two models were-0.15 and-0.03 mm,respectively.The simulating value and measured was not significantly different.The results illustrated that the canopy capacity obtained by the data of GLASS LAI and submerging method could be used to determine the canopy capacity and the results could be used for simulating of interception loss by the AWRA-L model.The AWRA-L model is reliable to simulate both the cumulative interception loss for a long period and the interception loss for a single rain event in a landscape scale.
The application of the Gash model to simulate canopy interception is mostly on the study plot or a specified forest,and the application in a landscape scale is only reported in the Australian Water Resource Assessment system(AWRA-L).This study introduced the AWRA-L model,and aimed to simulate the interception loss of the natural secondary forest of birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.) during 2013 in China.The GLASS LAI data and submerging method were used to get the canopy capacity for different periods.The leaf area index(LAI) value obtained before germination was assumed to be the area of branches and trunks.While the LAI value obtained after germination was the area of the leaves,branches and trunks.The differences between the LAI values after and before germination were the area of leaves when the growing of branches and trunks was ignored.The submerging method showed that the water capacity of leaves and stems per unit area were 0.17 and 0.33 mm,respectively.The capacity of branches and trunks was 0.23 mm.The capacity of leaves was 0.04-0.51 mm.The mean canopy capacity was 0.60±0.14 mm.The intercept method showed the canopy capacity and the trunk capacity were 0.62 and 0.04 mm,respectively.The whole capacity of the birch forest in its over ground parts was 0.66 mm.The canopy capacity by the submerging method and the intercept method was not significantly different(P=0.23).Considering of the high canopy cover fraction of the birch forest,both the simulating results of AWRA-L model based on Van model and the AWRA-L(1979) model based on Gash(1979) model were discussed in the paper.For the 25 rain events measured during the experiment,the simulating errors of the cumulative interception loss obtained from the AWRA-L model and the AWRA-L(1979) model were-9.2 and-1.7 mm,respectively.The relative errors were-14.8%and-2.8%,respectively.Both the AWRA-L model and the AWRA-L(1979) model underestimated the interception loss.When the rain event on June 8 with the biggest simulating error was eliminated,the cumulative simulating errors of the AWRA-L model and the AWRA-L(1979) model were-4.4 and 1.5 mm,respectively.The relative errors were-8.7%and 3.0%,respectively.The mean errors of the simulating interception loss for single rain event by these two models were-0.15 and-0.03 mm,respectively.The simulating value and measured was not significantly different.The results illustrated that the canopy capacity obtained by the data of GLASS LAI and submerging method could be used to determine the canopy capacity and the results could be used for simulating of interception loss by the AWRA-L model.The AWRA-L model is reliable to simulate both the cumulative interception loss for a long period and the interception loss for a single rain event in a landscape scale.
引文
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[2]夏军,左其亭.国际水文科学研究的新进展[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(3):256-261.Xia Jun,Zuo Qiting.Advances in international hydrological science research[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(3):256-261.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]刘世荣,孙鹏森,王金锡,等.长江上游森林植被水文功能研究[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(5):451-456.Liu Shirong,Sun Pengsen,Wang Jinxi,et al.Hydrological ructions of forest vegetation in upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2001,16(5):451-456.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]张光灿,刘霞,赵玫.树冠截留降雨模型研究进展及其述评[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2000,24(1):64-68.Zhang Guangcan,Liu Xia,Zhao Mei.On rainfall interception models[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,2000,24(1):64-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]王彦辉,于澎涛,徐德应,等.林冠截留降雨模型转化和参数规律的初步研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1998,20(6):25-30.Wang Yanhui,Yu Pengtao,Xu Deying,et al.A preliminary study on transformation of rainfall interception models and parameter's variation[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,1998,20(6):25-30.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Rutter A J,Kershaw K A,Robins P C,et al.A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests:1.Derivation of the model from observations in a plantation of Corsican pine[J].Agricultural Meteorology,1971,72(9):367-384.
[7]Rutter A J,A J Morton.A Predictive Model of Rainfall Interception in Forests:Ⅲsensitivity of the model to stand parameters and meteorological variables[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1977,14(2):567-588.
[8]Rutter A J,Morton A J,Robins P C.A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests:Ⅱ.generalization of the model and comparison with observations in some coniferous and hardwood stands[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1975,12(1):367-380.
[9]Gash J H C.An analytical model of rainfall interception by forests[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1979,105(443):43-55.
[10]Gash J H C,C R Lloyd,G Lachaud.Estimating sparse forest rainfall interception with an analytical model[J].Journal of Hydrology,1995,170(1/2/3/4):79-86.
[11]Van Dijk A I J M,Bruijnzeel L A.Modelling rainfall interception by vegetation of variable density using an adapted analytical model:Part 2 Model validation for a tropical upland mixed cropping system[J].Journal of Hydrology,2001,247(4):239-262.
[12]Van Dijk A I J M,Bruijnzeel L A.Modelling rainfall interception by vegetation of variable density using an adapted analytical model:Part 1 Model description[J].Journal of Hydrology,2001,247(3):230-238.
[13]佘冬立,刘营营,邵明安,等.黄土坡面不同植被冠层降雨截留模型模拟效果及适用性评价[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(16):115-120.She Dongli,Liu Yingying,Shao Ming'an,et al.Simulated effects and adaptive evaluation of different canopies rainfall interception models in Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(16):115-120.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]蔡锡填,徐宗学,苏保林,等.区域蒸散发分布式模拟及其遥感验证[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(10):154-160.Cai Xitian,Xu Zongxue,Su Baolin,et al.Distributed simulation for regional evapotranspiration and verification by using remote sensing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(10):154-160.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]孙亮,陈仲新.应用Penman-Monteith公式和土壤湿度指数估算区域地表蒸散[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(10):101-108.Sun Liang,Chen Zhongxin.Estimation of regional evapotranspiration based on Penman-Monteith equation and soil moisture index[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(10):101-108.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]杨邦,任立良,王贵作,等.基于水文模型的流域蒸散发规律[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(13):18-22.Yang Bang,Ren Liliang,Wang Guizuo,et al.Estimaton of evapotranspiration in catchment based on distributed watershed hydrological model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(13):18-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]张晓涛,康绍忠,王鹏新,等.估算区域蒸发蒸腾量的遥感模型对比分析[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):6-13.Zhang Xiaotao,Kang Shaozhong,Wang Pengxin,et al.Comparative analysis of regional evapotranspiration estimation models using remotely sensed data[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2006,22(7):6-13.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]Fisher J B,Tu K P,Baldocchi D D.Global estimates of the land-atmosphere water flux based on monthly AVHRR and ISLSCP-II data,validated at 16 FLUXNET sites[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(3):901-919.
[19]VinukoUu R K,Wood E F,Ferguson C R,et al.Global estimates of evapotranspiration for climate studies using multi-sensor remote sensing data:Evaluation of three process-based approaches[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(3):801-823.
[20]魏焕奇,何洪林,刘敏,等.基于遥感的千烟洲人工林蒸散及其组分模拟研究[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(5):778-789.Wei Huanqi,He Honglin,Liu Min,et al.Modeling evapotranspiration and its components in Qianyanzhou plantation based on remote sensing data[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(5):778-789.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Mi N,G R Yu,X F Wen,et al.Use of ecosystem flux data and a simulation model to examine seasonal drought effects on a subtropical coniferous forest[J].Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2009,45(2):207-220.
[22]卫三平,王力,吴发启.SVAT模型的研究与应用[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(2):113-120.Wei Sanping,Wang Li,Wu Faqi.Research and application of S VAT models[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,6(2):113-120.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]张银辉.SWAT模型及其应用研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(5):123-132.Zhang Yinhui.Development of study on model-SWAT and its application[J].Progress in Geography,2005,24(5):123-132.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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