贮存温度和时间对风干土壤钾素测定值的影响
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摘要
为正确评估土壤钾素测定值的时效性,采用培养试验研究了4种贮存温度条件(室温、4℃低温、25℃恒温、60℃干燥)下,3种不同类型风干土壤样品钾素测定值随贮存时间的动态变化。结果表明:不同形态钾素测定值受贮存温度和时间的影响显著。不同贮存温度条件下,随贮存时间延长水溶性钾的测定值相对培养前的测定值(初始值)变幅不一致,在室温培养条件下变幅较小,4℃低温培养和60℃干燥培养条件下变幅较大;交换性钾测定值在60℃干燥培养条件下相对初始值的变幅较大,在室温和25℃恒温培养条件下变幅较小;非交换性钾的测定值在4℃低温培养条件下变幅较小,在室温、25℃恒温和60℃干燥培养条件下相对初始值的变化均较大。不同形态钾素间的转化受贮存温度和时间的影响显著,4℃低温条件下长期贮存的土壤样品中水溶性钾、交换性钾的测定值均增加;室温和25℃恒温条件下长期贮存的土壤样品中水溶性钾与交换性钾之间存在动态平衡;长期贮存在60℃干燥培养下的土壤样品,随贮存时间的延长有少量非交换性钾转化为交换性钾。可见,贮存温度和时间对风干土壤钾素测定值影响较大,其测定值具有时效性。
In order to correctly evaluate the timeliness of soil potassium( K) test value,this paper studied the dynamic changes of potassium test value in soil samples dried by different forms through culture experiment under 4 types of storage temperature( room temperature,4℃ low temperature,25℃ constant temperature,60℃ dry incubator). The results showed that: Storage temperature and time could significantly affect the test values of different K forms. Under different storage temperature,along with the extension of storage time,the test value of water soluble K was different from that of before culture( the initial value). Under room temperature,the variation relatively to the initial value was smaller,and it was greater under 4℃ low temperature and 60℃ dry incubator. The test value of exchangeable potassium under 60℃ dry incubator had larger variation relatively to the initial value; while the variation under room temperature and 25℃ constant temperature were smaller. The test value of nonexchangeable K had smaller variation under 4℃ low temperature,and it had a larger variation than the initial value under room temperature,25℃ constant temperature and 60℃ dry incubator. The transformation of different K forms was significantly affected by storage temperature and time. The water soluble K,exchangeable K values were increased under 4℃ low temperature; and there was a dynamic balance between water soluble K and exchangeable K when the soil samples stored at room temperature and 25℃ constant temperature conditions; with the extension of storage time,the nonexchangeable K was converted into exchangeable potassium under 60℃ dry incubator for long period of time.In conclusion,storage temperature and time significantly affected air-dried soil K test value,and K test value had timeliness.
In order to correctly evaluate the timeliness of soil potassium( K) test value,this paper studied the dynamic changes of potassium test value in soil samples dried by different forms through culture experiment under 4 types of storage temperature( room temperature,4℃ low temperature,25℃ constant temperature,60℃ dry incubator). The results showed that: Storage temperature and time could significantly affect the test values of different K forms. Under different storage temperature,along with the extension of storage time,the test value of water soluble K was different from that of before culture( the initial value). Under room temperature,the variation relatively to the initial value was smaller,and it was greater under 4℃ low temperature and 60℃ dry incubator. The test value of exchangeable potassium under 60℃ dry incubator had larger variation relatively to the initial value; while the variation under room temperature and 25℃ constant temperature were smaller. The test value of nonexchangeable K had smaller variation under 4℃ low temperature,and it had a larger variation than the initial value under room temperature,25℃ constant temperature and 60℃ dry incubator. The transformation of different K forms was significantly affected by storage temperature and time. The water soluble K,exchangeable K values were increased under 4℃ low temperature; and there was a dynamic balance between water soluble K and exchangeable K when the soil samples stored at room temperature and 25℃ constant temperature conditions; with the extension of storage time,the nonexchangeable K was converted into exchangeable potassium under 60℃ dry incubator for long period of time.In conclusion,storage temperature and time significantly affected air-dried soil K test value,and K test value had timeliness.
引文
[1]卞策,刘亚杰,徐明立.土壤测试中应把握的几个问题[J].科技致富向导,2012(3):265.
[2]谢建昌,周健民,Hardter R.钾与中国农业[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2000.
[3]王火焰,朱树国,周健民,等.运用四苯硼钠法准确测定土壤有效钾素变化的初步探讨[J].土壤,2007,39(2):231-237.Wang H Y,Zhu S G,Zhou J M,et al..Accurate quantification of variation of available K in soil with Na BPh4extraction method[J].Soils,2007,39(2):231-237.
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[6]彭千涛,范钦桢.水分和温度对土壤钾素释放、固定影响的初步研究[J].土壤学报,1984,21(4):387-393.Peng Q T,Fan Q Z.Preliminary study on influence of moisture and temperature on release and fixation of potassium in soils[J].Acta Pedol.Sin.,1984,21(4):387-393.
[7]王晓琪,王莲池.水分和温度对土壤供钾能力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,1987(3):25-30.
[8]张洋洋,鲁剑巍,王筝,等.不同提取方法测定的土壤钾的有效性比较研究[J].土壤学报,2014,51(3):600-608.Zhang Y Y,Lu J W,Wang Z,et al..Comparison between soil potassium determination methods in availability of the potassium they extracted[J].Acta Pedol.Sin.,2014,51(3):600-608.
[9]高頔,张清,崔运成,等.研磨方法对土壤速效钾测定值的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(3):152-156.Gao D,Zhang Q,Cui Y C,et al..The effects of grinding methods on measured values of available K in soil[J].Chin.Agric.Sci.Bull.,2012,28(3):152-156.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000.
[11]Yang J L,Zhang G L,Li D C,et al..Relationship of soil particle size distribution between sieve-pipette and laser diffraction methods[J].Acta Pedol.Sin.,2009,46(5):772-780.
[12]Kitsopoulos K P.Cation-exchange capacity(CEC)of zeolitic volcaniclastic materials:Applicability of the ammonium acetate saturation(AMAS)method[J].Clays Clay Minerals,1999,47(6):688-696.
[13]王筝,鲁剑巍,张文君,等.田间土壤钾素有效性影响因素及其评估[J].土壤,2012,44(6):898-904.Wang Z,Lu J W,Zhang W J,et al..Influential factors on soil available potassium evaluation in agriculture[J].Soils,2012,44(6):898-904.
[14]Vitko L F,Laboski C A M,Andraski T W.Effect of sampling time on soil test potassium levels[A].In:Proceedings of the2010 Wisconsin Crop Management Conference[C].USAMadison,2010.
[15]Rakkar M K,Franzen D W,Chatterjee A.Evaluation of soil potassium test to improve fertilizer recommendations for corn[J].Open J.Soil Sci.,2015,5(5):110-122.
[16]Franzen D W.Variability of soil test potassium in space and time[A].In:North Central Extension-Industry Soil Fertility Conference[C].Iowa Des Moines,2011.
[17]谢建昌.土壤钾素研究的现状和展望[J].土壤学进展,1981(1):1-16.
[18]Z9rb C,Senbayram M,Peiter E.Potassium in agriculturestatus and perspectives[J].J.Plant Physiol.,2014,171(9):656-669.
[19]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]梁成华,魏丽萍,罗磊.土壤固钾与释钾机制研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(5):679-684.Liang C H,Wei L P,Luo L.Advance in research on mechanisms of potassium releasing and fixing in soils[J].Adv.Earth Sci.,2002,17(5):679-684.
[21]Mortland M M.Kinetics of potassium release from biotite[J].Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.,1958(22):503-508.
[22]龙怀玉,李韵珠,张维理,等.温度对潮土和褐土钾吸附动力学的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(6):878-885.Long H Y,Li Y Z,Zhang W L,et al..K+adsorption kinetics of fluvo-aquic and cinnamon soil under different temperature[J].Sci.Agric.Sin.,2004,37(6):878-885.
[23]延会春,梁运江,许广波,等.热辐射对保护地土壤钾素的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(28):13781,13786.Yan H C,Liang Y J,Xu G B,et al..Effect of thermal radiation on soil potassium of protected field[J].J.Anhui Agric.Sci.,2012,40(28):13781,13786.
[24]徐进,俞劲炎,赵渭生.土壤物理因素影响钾素转化和扩散的初步研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1989,15(4):396-402.Xu J,Yu J Y,Zhao W S.A preliminary study on the influence of some physical factors on potassium transformation and diffusion in soils[J].Acta Agric.Univ.Zhejiangensis,1989,15(4):396-402.
[25]丛日环,李小坤,鲁剑巍.土壤钾素转化的影响因素及其研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(6):907-913.Cong R H,Li X K,Lu J W.Advances in research on influence factors of soil potassium transformation[J].J.Huazhong Agric.Univ.,2007,26(6):907-913.
[26]Stivers R K.The influence of temperature and moisture variation in storage upon soil test values for potassium[J].Indiana Acad.Sci.,1972,82:421-423.
[2]谢建昌,周健民,Hardter R.钾与中国农业[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2000.
[3]王火焰,朱树国,周健民,等.运用四苯硼钠法准确测定土壤有效钾素变化的初步探讨[J].土壤,2007,39(2):231-237.Wang H Y,Zhu S G,Zhou J M,et al..Accurate quantification of variation of available K in soil with Na BPh4extraction method[J].Soils,2007,39(2):231-237.
[4]Wells K L,Dollarhide J E.The effect of drying soil samples on soil test potassium values[J].Agron.Notes,2000,32(5):1-17.
[5]金继运,高广领,王泽良,等.温度对土壤钾素容量和强度(Q/I)关系的影响[J].土壤学报,1992,29(2):137-141.Jin J Y,Gao G L,Wang Z L,et al..Temperature effects on quantity and intensity(Q/I)relationship of potassium in selected soils[J].Acta Pedol.Sin.,1992,29(2):137-141.
[6]彭千涛,范钦桢.水分和温度对土壤钾素释放、固定影响的初步研究[J].土壤学报,1984,21(4):387-393.Peng Q T,Fan Q Z.Preliminary study on influence of moisture and temperature on release and fixation of potassium in soils[J].Acta Pedol.Sin.,1984,21(4):387-393.
[7]王晓琪,王莲池.水分和温度对土壤供钾能力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,1987(3):25-30.
[8]张洋洋,鲁剑巍,王筝,等.不同提取方法测定的土壤钾的有效性比较研究[J].土壤学报,2014,51(3):600-608.Zhang Y Y,Lu J W,Wang Z,et al..Comparison between soil potassium determination methods in availability of the potassium they extracted[J].Acta Pedol.Sin.,2014,51(3):600-608.
[9]高頔,张清,崔运成,等.研磨方法对土壤速效钾测定值的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(3):152-156.Gao D,Zhang Q,Cui Y C,et al..The effects of grinding methods on measured values of available K in soil[J].Chin.Agric.Sci.Bull.,2012,28(3):152-156.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao S D.Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000.
[11]Yang J L,Zhang G L,Li D C,et al..Relationship of soil particle size distribution between sieve-pipette and laser diffraction methods[J].Acta Pedol.Sin.,2009,46(5):772-780.
[12]Kitsopoulos K P.Cation-exchange capacity(CEC)of zeolitic volcaniclastic materials:Applicability of the ammonium acetate saturation(AMAS)method[J].Clays Clay Minerals,1999,47(6):688-696.
[13]王筝,鲁剑巍,张文君,等.田间土壤钾素有效性影响因素及其评估[J].土壤,2012,44(6):898-904.Wang Z,Lu J W,Zhang W J,et al..Influential factors on soil available potassium evaluation in agriculture[J].Soils,2012,44(6):898-904.
[14]Vitko L F,Laboski C A M,Andraski T W.Effect of sampling time on soil test potassium levels[A].In:Proceedings of the2010 Wisconsin Crop Management Conference[C].USAMadison,2010.
[15]Rakkar M K,Franzen D W,Chatterjee A.Evaluation of soil potassium test to improve fertilizer recommendations for corn[J].Open J.Soil Sci.,2015,5(5):110-122.
[16]Franzen D W.Variability of soil test potassium in space and time[A].In:North Central Extension-Industry Soil Fertility Conference[C].Iowa Des Moines,2011.
[17]谢建昌.土壤钾素研究的现状和展望[J].土壤学进展,1981(1):1-16.
[18]Z9rb C,Senbayram M,Peiter E.Potassium in agriculturestatus and perspectives[J].J.Plant Physiol.,2014,171(9):656-669.
[19]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]梁成华,魏丽萍,罗磊.土壤固钾与释钾机制研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(5):679-684.Liang C H,Wei L P,Luo L.Advance in research on mechanisms of potassium releasing and fixing in soils[J].Adv.Earth Sci.,2002,17(5):679-684.
[21]Mortland M M.Kinetics of potassium release from biotite[J].Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.,1958(22):503-508.
[22]龙怀玉,李韵珠,张维理,等.温度对潮土和褐土钾吸附动力学的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(6):878-885.Long H Y,Li Y Z,Zhang W L,et al..K+adsorption kinetics of fluvo-aquic and cinnamon soil under different temperature[J].Sci.Agric.Sin.,2004,37(6):878-885.
[23]延会春,梁运江,许广波,等.热辐射对保护地土壤钾素的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(28):13781,13786.Yan H C,Liang Y J,Xu G B,et al..Effect of thermal radiation on soil potassium of protected field[J].J.Anhui Agric.Sci.,2012,40(28):13781,13786.
[24]徐进,俞劲炎,赵渭生.土壤物理因素影响钾素转化和扩散的初步研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1989,15(4):396-402.Xu J,Yu J Y,Zhao W S.A preliminary study on the influence of some physical factors on potassium transformation and diffusion in soils[J].Acta Agric.Univ.Zhejiangensis,1989,15(4):396-402.
[25]丛日环,李小坤,鲁剑巍.土壤钾素转化的影响因素及其研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(6):907-913.Cong R H,Li X K,Lu J W.Advances in research on influence factors of soil potassium transformation[J].J.Huazhong Agric.Univ.,2007,26(6):907-913.
[26]Stivers R K.The influence of temperature and moisture variation in storage upon soil test values for potassium[J].Indiana Acad.Sci.,1972,82:421-423.