质子束轰击金属靶面的二次电子效应的模拟研究
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摘要
基于粒子云网格计算方法,对质子束轰击靶面产生二次电子的效应进行了模拟研究,得到了不同电场强度对质子束的品质以及其产生的二次电子的数量的影响。研究表明,50kV电压下,质子束束腰宽度1.8mm,并有近10%的质子束打在阴极侧壁上;150kV电压下,质子束束腰宽度1.2 mm。这说明,抽取电场强度小时质子束分散,其束流品质下降;抽取电场强度大时质子束紧凑。通过调控抽取、加速电压,可以有效地控制到靶质子流的聚散状况,以及由此产生的二次电子的强度及分布。
Using the technique of Particle-In-Cell to simulate the secondary electron effect of proton beams bombarding the target surface,we obtained the results of the quality of proton beams and the quantity of secondary electrons affected by the extracted voltage.From which,we find that the width of proton beams' waist is 1.8 mm at 50 kV and 1.2 mm at 150 kV.Therefore,the proton beams become dispersed at lower voltages and compact at higher voltages.Adjusting the extracted voltage between acceleration areas,we can control the quality of proton beams.
Using the technique of Particle-In-Cell to simulate the secondary electron effect of proton beams bombarding the target surface,we obtained the results of the quality of proton beams and the quantity of secondary electrons affected by the extracted voltage.From which,we find that the width of proton beams' waist is 1.8 mm at 50 kV and 1.2 mm at 150 kV.Therefore,the proton beams become dispersed at lower voltages and compact at higher voltages.Adjusting the extracted voltage between acceleration areas,we can control the quality of proton beams.
引文
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[2]何丽华.航天导爆索中子照相装置慢化准直系统模拟设计[D].衡阳:南华大学,2011:13-22.(He Lihua.Moderator-collimator system design for neutron radiography of space detonating cord.Hengyang:University of South China,2011:13-22)
[3]汤明.热中子照相及其质量控制[J].宇航材料工艺,1994,24(4):42-46.(Tang Ming.Thermal neutron radiography and quality control.Aerospace Materials and Technology,1994,24(4):42-46)
[4]侯小琳,柴之芳.中子活化分析在生命科学研究中的应用[J].微量元素与健康研究,1997,14(1):55-58.(Hou Xiaolin,Chai Zhifang.The application of neutron activation analysis in the study of life science.Studies of Trace Elements and Health,1997,14(1):55-58)
[5]魏晓云.用14 MeV中子进行违禁品检测的实验装置屏蔽研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2007:8-20.(Wei Xiaoyun.The study on the shielding of the device of detecting contrabands by 14 MeV neutron sources.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2007:8-20)
[6]安力,陈渊,郭海洋,等.伴随粒子法爆炸物检测技术研究[C]//第七届全国核仪器及其应用学术会议暨全国第五届核反应堆用核仪器学术会议.2009:242-248.(An Li,Chen Yuan,Guo Haiyang,et al.Study on explosive detection technology of particle method//Proceedings of the 7th National Conference on Nuclear Instrument and Its Application&the 5th Nuclear Reactor Instrument Conference.2009:242-248)
[7]孟祥承.爆炸物及毒品的探测技术[J].核电子学与探测技术,2003,23(4):371-379.(Meng Xiangcheng.Explosives and narcotic detection technogies.Nuclear Electronics and Detection Technology,2003,23(4):371-379)
[8]Buffler A.Contraband detection by fast neutron scattering[C]//The 2nd National Nuclear Technology Conference.2001:13-15.
[9]田玉冰.爆炸物检测的方法研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2005:14-18.(Tian Yubing.The study of experiment in detection of explosives.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2005:14-18)
[10]Reijonen J,Leung K N,Firestone R B.First PGAA and NAA experimental results from a compact high intensity D-D neutron generator[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A,2004,522:598-602.
[11]Reijonen J.Neutron generators developed at LBNL for homeland security and imaging applications[J].Nuclesr Instruments and Methods in Physics Research,2007,261(B):272-276.
[12]Chichester D L,Simpson J D,Lemchak M.Advanced compact accelerator neutron generator technology for active neutron interrogation field work[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2007,271(3):629-637.
[13]Kim I J,Jung N S,Jung H D,et al.A D-D neutron generator using a titanium drive-in target[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2008,266:829-933.
[14]陈佳林.中低能离子致靶二次电子发射系数研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014:36-38.(Chen Jialin.Study of secondary electron emission coefficient from targets induced by medium-low energy ions.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2014:36-38)
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