含阻尼环节的电流源型风电虚拟同步发电机控制与分析
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摘要
针对高比例风电电力系统频率/电压稳定性问题,介绍了虚拟同步控制的理论基础,对比分析了双馈风电机组与传统同步机数学模型。基于模型相似性推导了风电机组虚拟同步发电机的内电势、功角及功率传输方程,并揭示了其变化规律。研究了一种含阻尼环节的电流源型风电机组虚拟同步控制策略,并进行了虚拟同步控制外环和电流控制内环设计。在Matlab/Simulink中建立了双馈风电机组虚拟同步发电机仿真模型,实现了虚拟同步发电机惯量、阻尼、一次调频和无功调压特性的全过程模拟。仿真结果证实了理论分析的正确性与控制策略的有效性。
In order to deal with the problem of frequency/voltage stability of power system with high proportion of wind power, the theoretical basis of virtual synchronous control is introduced. The mathematical models of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator(DFIG) and traditional synchronous machines are compared and analyzed. Based on the similarity of models, the electromotive force, power angle, and power transmission equations of Wind Turbine Virtual Synchronous Generator(WT-VSG) are deduced, whose change regulations are revealed. A virtual synchronous control strategy of wind turbine with damping coefficient is researched. The design of virtual synchronous control outer loop and current control inner loop is performed. In Matlab/Simulink, the simulation model of the WT-VSG is established. The whole process simulation of the inertia, damping, primary frequency control, and reactive power-voltage regulation of the WT-VSG is realized. The simulation results confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the control strategy.
In order to deal with the problem of frequency/voltage stability of power system with high proportion of wind power, the theoretical basis of virtual synchronous control is introduced. The mathematical models of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator(DFIG) and traditional synchronous machines are compared and analyzed. Based on the similarity of models, the electromotive force, power angle, and power transmission equations of Wind Turbine Virtual Synchronous Generator(WT-VSG) are deduced, whose change regulations are revealed. A virtual synchronous control strategy of wind turbine with damping coefficient is researched. The design of virtual synchronous control outer loop and current control inner loop is performed. In Matlab/Simulink, the simulation model of the WT-VSG is established. The whole process simulation of the inertia, damping, primary frequency control, and reactive power-voltage regulation of the WT-VSG is realized. The simulation results confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the control strategy.
引文
[1]张冠锋,杨俊友,孙峰,等.基于虚拟惯量和频率下垂控制的双馈风电机组一次调频策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):225-232.ZHANG Guanfeng,YANG Junyou,SUN Feng,et al.Primary frequency regulation strategy of DFIG based on virtual inertia and frequency droop control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(22):225-232.
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[10]ZHAO Yangyang,CHAI Jianyun,SUN Xudong.Virtual synchronous control of grid-connected DFIG-based wind turbines[C]//IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),March 15-19,2015,Charlotte,NC,USA,2015:2980-2983.
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[13]王磊,张琛,李征,等.双馈风电机组的虚拟同步控制及弱网运行特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(13):85-90.WANG Lei,ZHANG Chen,LI Zheng,et al.Virtual synchronous generator control for DFIG wind turbines and its operation characteristics in weak grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(13):85-90.
[14]谢震,孟浩,张兴,等.基于定子虚拟阻抗的双馈风电机组虚拟同步控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):157-163.XIE Zhen,MENG Hao,ZHANG Xing,et al.Virtual synchronous control strategy of DFIG-based wind turbines based on stator virtual impedance[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):157-163.
[15]李少林,秦世耀,王瑞明,等.大容量双馈风电机组虚拟惯量调频技术[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(4):145-150.LI Shaolin,QIN Shiyao,WANG Ruiming,et al.Control strategy of virtual inertia frequency regulation for large capacity DFIG-based wind turbine[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(4):145-150.
[16]潘文霞,全锐,王飞.基于双馈风电机组的变下垂系数控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(11):126-131.PAN Wenxia,QUAN Rui,WANG Fei.A variable droop control strategy for doubly-fed induction generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(11):126-131.
[17]HWANG M,MULJADI E,PARK J W,et al.Dynamic droop-based inertial control of a doubly-fed induction generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(3):924-933.
[18]张波,颜湘武,黄毅斌,等.虚拟同步机多机并联稳定控制及其惯量匹配方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):42-52.ZHANG Bo,YAN Xiangwu,HUANG Yibin,et al.Stability control and inertia matching method of multi-parallel virtual synchronous generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):42-52.
[19]陈衍.电力系统稳态分析[M].3版.北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[20]杨淑英.双馈型风力发电变流器及其控制[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2007.YANG Shuying.Converter and control for doubly fed induction generator-based wind power generation[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2007.
[2]陈国平,李明节,许涛,等.关于新能源发展的技术瓶颈研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(1):20-26.CHEN Guoping,LI Mingjie,XU Tao,et al.Study on technical bottleneck of new energy development[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(1):20-26.
[3]ZHONG Qingchang,WEISS G.Synchroinverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[4]ZHONG Qingchang,NGUYEN P L,MA Z,et al.Selfsynchronized synchroinverters:inverters without a dedicated synchronization unit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,29(2):617-630.
[5]张兴,朱德斌,徐海珍.分布式发电中的虚拟同步发电机技术[J].电源学报,2012,10(3):1-6.ZHANG Xing,ZHU Debin,XU Haizhen.Review of virtual synchronous generator technology in distributed generation[J].Journal of Power Supply,2012,10(3):1-6.
[6]吕志鹏,盛万兴,刘海涛,等.虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):349-359.Lü Zhipeng,SHENG Wanxing,LIU Haitao,et al.Application and challenge of virtual synchronous machine technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):349-359.
[7]林岩,张建成.含虚拟同步发电机的光/柴/储独立微网控制策略[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1277-1284.LIN Yan,ZHANG Jiancheng.Control strategy of islanded photovoltaic-diesel-storage microgrid with virtual synchronous generator[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1277-1284.
[8]祝钧,李瑞生,毋炳鑫,等.交直流混合微电网接口变换器虚拟同步发电机控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(11):28-34.ZHU Jun,LI Ruisheng,WU Bingxin,et al.Virtual synchronous generator operation of interlinking converter between AC and DC microgrids[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(11):28-34.
[9]陶亮,程军照,王文玺,等.虚拟同步发电机参数设计及优化方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(12):128-135.TAO Liang,CHENG Junzhao,WANG Wenxi,et al.Methods of parameter design and optimization in virtual synchronous generator technology[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(12):128-135.
[10]ZHAO Yangyang,CHAI Jianyun,SUN Xudong.Virtual synchronous control of grid-connected DFIG-based wind turbines[C]//IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),March 15-19,2015,Charlotte,NC,USA,2015:2980-2983.
[11]WANG Shuo,HU Jiabing,YUAN Xiaoming.Virtual synchronous control for grid-connected DFIG-based wind turbines[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging&Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2015,3(4):932-944.
[12]张琛,蔡旭,李征,等.具有自主电网同步与弱网稳定运行能力的双馈风电机组控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):476-485.ZHANG Chen,CAI Xu,LI Zheng,et al.Control of DFIG-based wind turbines with the capability of automatic grid-synchronization and stable operation under weak grid condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):476-485.
[13]王磊,张琛,李征,等.双馈风电机组的虚拟同步控制及弱网运行特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(13):85-90.WANG Lei,ZHANG Chen,LI Zheng,et al.Virtual synchronous generator control for DFIG wind turbines and its operation characteristics in weak grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(13):85-90.
[14]谢震,孟浩,张兴,等.基于定子虚拟阻抗的双馈风电机组虚拟同步控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):157-163.XIE Zhen,MENG Hao,ZHANG Xing,et al.Virtual synchronous control strategy of DFIG-based wind turbines based on stator virtual impedance[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):157-163.
[15]李少林,秦世耀,王瑞明,等.大容量双馈风电机组虚拟惯量调频技术[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(4):145-150.LI Shaolin,QIN Shiyao,WANG Ruiming,et al.Control strategy of virtual inertia frequency regulation for large capacity DFIG-based wind turbine[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(4):145-150.
[16]潘文霞,全锐,王飞.基于双馈风电机组的变下垂系数控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(11):126-131.PAN Wenxia,QUAN Rui,WANG Fei.A variable droop control strategy for doubly-fed induction generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(11):126-131.
[17]HWANG M,MULJADI E,PARK J W,et al.Dynamic droop-based inertial control of a doubly-fed induction generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(3):924-933.
[18]张波,颜湘武,黄毅斌,等.虚拟同步机多机并联稳定控制及其惯量匹配方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(10):42-52.ZHANG Bo,YAN Xiangwu,HUANG Yibin,et al.Stability control and inertia matching method of multi-parallel virtual synchronous generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(10):42-52.
[19]陈衍.电力系统稳态分析[M].3版.北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[20]杨淑英.双馈型风力发电变流器及其控制[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2007.YANG Shuying.Converter and control for doubly fed induction generator-based wind power generation[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2007.