谷子抽穗期与农艺性状的相关与回归分析
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摘要
抽穗期是农作物的重要性状,决定着作物的地区和季节适应性。明确不同谷子品种适合的种植区域,对生产实践具有重要意义。在海南、洛阳、吉林3个地区连续2年调查了160份谷子资源的抽穗期、株高、穗长、穗重等9个主要性状。相关性分析发现3个地区抽穗期与千粒重均呈负相关,而在海南、洛阳2个地区抽穗期与株高、叶片数、穗长、穗粗、穗重、穗码数、穗粒重均呈正相关,吉林地区抽穗期与穗粒重呈负相关,说明随着抽穗期的适当延长,谷子主要通过增加子粒数目提高产量,而抽穗期过度推迟,则可能导致产量潜力下降;方差分析表明,3个地区抽穗期对千粒重、株高、叶片数、穗长、穗粗、穗重、穗粒重、穗码数均有显著影响(P<0.05)。在海南,随着抽穗期的延长穗粒重递增,抽穗期40 d以上品种穗粒重最大;在洛阳,抽穗期50～60 d的品种穗粒重最高;在吉林,抽穗期70～80 d的品种穗粒重最高。求得每个品种在3个地区的穗粒重均值,以此为依据筛选出53份广生态适应性品种,在3个地区成功建立了叶片数、株高、穗码数对抽穗期的最佳回归方程。本研究表明一定抽穗期范围内谷子主要通过增加穗粒数而不是千粒重来实现增产,筛选出的广生态适应性谷子资源以及建立的回归方程为开展广适应育种、利用抽穗期信息对叶片数、株高、穗码数进行准确选择奠定了基础。
Heading date is an important character,which determines the region and season adaptability of crops. Making clear the suitable planting regions for different foxtail millet cultivars is very important to production practice. 160 foxtail millet resources were investigated for nine traits(e.g. heading date,plant height,panicle length,panicle weight and so on) at Hainan,Luoyang and Jilin in two consecutive years. Correlation analysis showed that a negative correlation was existed between heading date and 1000-grain weight across three regions,but a positive correlation was existed between heading date and plant height,leaf number,panicle length,panicle diameter,panicle weight,branch number per panicle and grain weight per panicle at Hainan and Luoyang,a minor negative correlation was existed between heading date and grain weight per panicle at Jilin,which indicated that with the proper delay of heading date,the grain yield of foxtail millet could be increased by grain number increasement,while excessive delay of heading date might lead to decline of production potential. Variance analysis showed that heading date had significant effect on plant height,leaf number,panicle length,panicle diameter,panicle weight,branch number per panicle,grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight(P<0.05) across three regions. At Hainan,with the delay of heading date,grain weight per panicle gave an increasing trend.The cultivars with their heading date longer than 40 d possesed the largest grain weight per panicle. At Luoyang,the cultivars with their heading date ranged from 50 d to 60 d possesed the highest grain weight per panicle. At Jilin,the cultivars with their heading date ranged from 70 d to 80 d possesed the highest grain weight per panicle.The average grain weight per panicle of each variety across three regions was measured and based on which 53 broad ecological adaptability foxtail millet varieties were screened out. The optimum regression equations between plant height,leaf number,branch number per panicle and heading date were established across three regions. This study concluded that within a certain heading date range,the yield of foxtail millet was increased by increasing grain number but not 1000-grain weight. The selected broad ecological adaptability resources and the established regression equations provided foundation for broad-adaptability cultivar breeding and accurately selection of plant height,leaf number and branch number per panicle by heading date information.
Heading date is an important character,which determines the region and season adaptability of crops. Making clear the suitable planting regions for different foxtail millet cultivars is very important to production practice. 160 foxtail millet resources were investigated for nine traits(e.g. heading date,plant height,panicle length,panicle weight and so on) at Hainan,Luoyang and Jilin in two consecutive years. Correlation analysis showed that a negative correlation was existed between heading date and 1000-grain weight across three regions,but a positive correlation was existed between heading date and plant height,leaf number,panicle length,panicle diameter,panicle weight,branch number per panicle and grain weight per panicle at Hainan and Luoyang,a minor negative correlation was existed between heading date and grain weight per panicle at Jilin,which indicated that with the proper delay of heading date,the grain yield of foxtail millet could be increased by grain number increasement,while excessive delay of heading date might lead to decline of production potential. Variance analysis showed that heading date had significant effect on plant height,leaf number,panicle length,panicle diameter,panicle weight,branch number per panicle,grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight(P<0.05) across three regions. At Hainan,with the delay of heading date,grain weight per panicle gave an increasing trend.The cultivars with their heading date longer than 40 d possesed the largest grain weight per panicle. At Luoyang,the cultivars with their heading date ranged from 50 d to 60 d possesed the highest grain weight per panicle. At Jilin,the cultivars with their heading date ranged from 70 d to 80 d possesed the highest grain weight per panicle.The average grain weight per panicle of each variety across three regions was measured and based on which 53 broad ecological adaptability foxtail millet varieties were screened out. The optimum regression equations between plant height,leaf number,branch number per panicle and heading date were established across three regions. This study concluded that within a certain heading date range,the yield of foxtail millet was increased by increasing grain number but not 1000-grain weight. The selected broad ecological adaptability resources and the established regression equations provided foundation for broad-adaptability cultivar breeding and accurately selection of plant height,leaf number and branch number per panicle by heading date information.
引文
[1]胡时开,苏岩,叶卫军,郭龙彪.水稻抽穗期遗传与分子调控机理研究进展·中国水稻科学,2012,26(3):373-382Hu S K, Su Y, Ye W J, Guo L B. Advances in genetic analysis and molecular regulation mechanism of heading date in rice(Oryza saliva L.). Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2012,26(3):373-382
[2] Xue W Y,Xing Y Z,Weng X Y,Zhao Y,Tang W J,Wang L,Zhou H J,Yu S B,Xu C G,Li X H,Zhang Q F, Natural variation in Ghd7 is an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice. Nature Genetics, 2008,40(6):761-767
[3] Kojima S, Takahashi Y, Kobayashi Y, Monna L, Sasaki T,Araki T, Yano M. Hd3a, a rice ortholog of the Arabidopsis FT gene, promotes transition to flowering downstream of Hdl under short-day conditions. Plant Cell Physiology, 2002, 43(10):1096-1105
[4] Doi K, Izawa T, Fuse T, Yamanouchi U, Kubo T, Shimatani Z, Yano M, Yoshimura A. Ehdl, a B-type response regulator in rice, confers short-day promotion of flowering and controls FT-like gene expression independently of Hdl-Genes Development, 2004, 18(8):926-936
[5] Yano M, Katayose Y, Ashikari M, Yamanouchi U, Monna L, Fuse T, Baba T, Yamamoto K, Umehara Y, Nagamura Y,Sasaki T. Hdl, a major photoperiod sensitivity quantitative trait locus in rice, is closely related to the Arabidopsis flowering time gene CONSTANS. Plant Cell, 2000, 12(12):2473-2484
[6] Li P, Brutnell T P. Setaria viridis and Setaria italica,model genetic systems for the Panicoid grasses. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011.62(9):3031-3037
[7] Zhang G Y, Liu X, Quan Z W, Cheng S F, Xu X, Pan S K, Xie M,Zeng P, Yue Z, Wang W L,Tao Y,Bian C,Han C L,Xia Q J,Peng X H, Cao R, Yang X H, Zhan D L, Hu J C, Zhang Y X,Li H N, Li H, Li N, Wang J Y, Wang C C, Wang R Y, Guo T,Cai Y J, Liu C Z, Xiang H T, Shi Q X, Huang P, Chen Q C, Li Y R, Wang J, Zhao Z H, Wang J. Genome sequence of foxtail millet(Setaria italica)provides insights into grass evolution and biofuel potential. Nature Biotechnology, 2012, 30(6):549-556
[8] Bennetzen J L, Schmutz J, Wang H, Percifield R, Hawkins J,Pontaroli A C, Estep M, Feng L, Vaughn J N, Grimwood J,Jenkins J, Barry K, Lindquist E, Hellsten U, Deshpande S,Wang X W, Wu X M, Mitros T, Triplett J, Yang X H, Ye C Y, Mauro-Herrera M, Wang L, Li P H, Sharma M, Sharma R, Ronald P C, Panaud O, Kellogg E A, Brutnell T P, Doust A N, Tuskan G A, Rokhsar D, Devos K M. Reference genome sequence of the model plant setaria. Nature Biotechnology,2012, 30(6):555-564
[9] Jia G, Huang X, Zhi H, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Li W, Chai Y, Yang L, Liu K, Lu H, Zhu C, Lu Y, Zhou C, Fan D, Weng Q, Guo Y,Huang T, Zhang L, Lu T, Feng Q, Hao H, Liu H, Lu P, Zhang N, Li Y, Guo E, Wang S, Wang S, Liu J, Zhang W, Chen G,Zhang B, Li W, Wang Y, Li H, Zhao B, Li J, Diao X, HanB-A haplotype map of genomic variations and genome-wide association studies of agronomic traits in foxtail millet(Setaria italica).Nature Genetics, 2013,45(8):957-961
[10]贾小平,张博,董志平,全建章,王永芳,张小梅,袁玺垒,李剑峰,戴凌峰·海南短日照条件谷子穗部性状的全基因组关联分析·河南农业科学,2018,47(9):33-40JiaX P, Zhang B,Dong Z P,Quan J Z, Wang Y F,Zhang X M,Yuan X L, Li J F, Dai L F. Genome-wide association analysis of panicle traits in foxtail millet under Hainan short-day condition.Journal of Henan Agricultural sciences, 2018,47(9):33-40
[11] Fang X M,Dong D K J,Wang X Q,Liu T P,He J H,Ren R Y,Zhang L,Liu R,Liu X Y,Li M,Huang M Z,Zhang Z S,Yang T Y. A high density genetic map and QTL for agronomic and yield traits in foxtail millet[Setaria italica(L.)P.Beauv.].BMC Genomics, 2016, 17(1):336
[12] Wang J,Wang Z L,Du X F,Yang H Q,Han F,Han Y H,Yuan F, Zhang L Y, Peng S Z, Guo E H. A high-density genetic map and QTL analysis of agronomic traits in foxtail millet[Setaria italica(L-)P.Beauv.] using RAD-seq. PLoS One, 2017, 12(6):e0179717
[13] Zhang K, Fan G Y, Zhang X X, Zhao F, Wei W, Du G H,Feng X L,Wang X M,Wang F,Song G L,Zou H F,Zhang X L,Li S D, Ni X M, Zhang G Y, Zhao Z H-Identification of QTLs for 14 agronomically important traits in Setaria italica based on SNPs generated from high-throughput sequencing-G3,2017,7(5):1587-1594
[14]元香梅,禾璐,张凯烨,武雪,马芳芳,王军,韩渊怀·谷子XTB基因家族与抗旱相关基因的分析·山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(1):1-6Yuan X M,He L,Zhang K Y,Wu X,Ma F F,Wang J,Han Y H.Analysis of XTH genes that related to drought stress in foxtail millet. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition, 2017, 37(1):1-6
[15]程璐,张彬,张耀元,苏彦冰,魏东,郭展,李红英·谷子MYB转录因子家族与抗旱关系的研究·山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016, 36(12):846-849, 867Cheng L, Zhang B, Zhang Y Y, Su Y B, Wei D, Guo Z, Li H Y. MYB transcription factors and their relationship with drought tolerance in foxtail millet. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition, 2016, 36(12):846-849,867
[16]贾小平,李剑峰,全建章,王永芳,董志平,张博,袁玺垒·不同光周期条件下谷子农艺性状的光周期敏感性评价·植物遗传资源学报,2018, 19(5):919-924Jia X P, Li J F, Quan J Z, Wang Y F, Dong Z P, Zhang B,Yuan X L. Evaluation of photoperiod sensitivity of agronomic traits of foxtail millet varieties(Setaria italica L-)under different photoperiod conditions. Journal of Plant GeneticResources, 2018, 19(5):919-924
[17]普晓英,曾亚文,申时全,李绅崇·低速磷胁迫对云南地方稻种核心种质抽穗期的影响·植物遗传资源学报,2004, 5(3):271-275Pu X Y, Zeng Y W, Shen S Q, Li S C. Effect of low phosphorus stress on heading date of the core collection for Yunnan rice landrace(Oryza sativa L.)·Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2004, 5(3):271-275
[18]徐丽霞,仪慧兰,郭二虎,张艾英·干旱胁迫对谷子抽穗期生理生化和产量的影响·山西大学学报:自然科学版,2016, 39(4):672-678Xu L X, Yi H L, Guo E H, Zhang A Y. Influence of drought stress on physiology characteristics and agronomic traits at heading stage of Setaria italica L. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition, 2016, 39(4):672-678
[19]石建军,祁祥·地膜覆盖对杂交谷子抽穗期叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响·山西农业科学,2015,43(11):1389-1392Shi J J, Qi X. Effect of film mulch on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of hybrid millet at heading stage. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2015,43(11):1389-1392
[20]李卫明·不同品种谷子生育期、品质性状、光合特性与产量的关系研究·太谷:山西农业大学,2016Li W M-Study on the relationship between growth period,quality characters, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different foxtail millet cultivars. Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University, 2016
[21]赵禹凯,王显瑞,陈高勋,赵敏,李书田·谷子主要农艺性状的相关和通径分析·内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014(2):35-38Zhao Y K, Wang X R, Chen G X, Zhao M, Li S T. Correlation and path analysis of main agronomic traits in foxtail millet.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition, 2014(2):35-38
[22]杨慧卿,王军,袁峰,郭二虎·西北春谷区中晚熟组谷子主要农艺性状的相关和通径分析·河北农业科学,2010, 14(11):105-106, 111Yang H Q, Wang J, Yuan F, Guo E H. Correlation analysis and path analysis on major agronomic traits of middle and late mature group of regional test in spring millet area of northwest China. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 14(11):105-106, 111
[23]元旭朝,张耀元,苏彦冰,刘晓东,刘龙龙,杜婧,邓楠,韩渊怀·谷子生育期与茎杆以及穗部性状的关系·山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016, 36(6):391-394, 399Yuan X Z, Zhang Y Y, Su Y B, Liu X D, Liu L L, Du J J,Deng N, Han Y H. The relationship between growth period and traits of stem and panicle in foxtail millet. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2016,36(6):391-394,399
[2] Xue W Y,Xing Y Z,Weng X Y,Zhao Y,Tang W J,Wang L,Zhou H J,Yu S B,Xu C G,Li X H,Zhang Q F, Natural variation in Ghd7 is an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice. Nature Genetics, 2008,40(6):761-767
[3] Kojima S, Takahashi Y, Kobayashi Y, Monna L, Sasaki T,Araki T, Yano M. Hd3a, a rice ortholog of the Arabidopsis FT gene, promotes transition to flowering downstream of Hdl under short-day conditions. Plant Cell Physiology, 2002, 43(10):1096-1105
[4] Doi K, Izawa T, Fuse T, Yamanouchi U, Kubo T, Shimatani Z, Yano M, Yoshimura A. Ehdl, a B-type response regulator in rice, confers short-day promotion of flowering and controls FT-like gene expression independently of Hdl-Genes Development, 2004, 18(8):926-936
[5] Yano M, Katayose Y, Ashikari M, Yamanouchi U, Monna L, Fuse T, Baba T, Yamamoto K, Umehara Y, Nagamura Y,Sasaki T. Hdl, a major photoperiod sensitivity quantitative trait locus in rice, is closely related to the Arabidopsis flowering time gene CONSTANS. Plant Cell, 2000, 12(12):2473-2484
[6] Li P, Brutnell T P. Setaria viridis and Setaria italica,model genetic systems for the Panicoid grasses. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011.62(9):3031-3037
[7] Zhang G Y, Liu X, Quan Z W, Cheng S F, Xu X, Pan S K, Xie M,Zeng P, Yue Z, Wang W L,Tao Y,Bian C,Han C L,Xia Q J,Peng X H, Cao R, Yang X H, Zhan D L, Hu J C, Zhang Y X,Li H N, Li H, Li N, Wang J Y, Wang C C, Wang R Y, Guo T,Cai Y J, Liu C Z, Xiang H T, Shi Q X, Huang P, Chen Q C, Li Y R, Wang J, Zhao Z H, Wang J. Genome sequence of foxtail millet(Setaria italica)provides insights into grass evolution and biofuel potential. Nature Biotechnology, 2012, 30(6):549-556
[8] Bennetzen J L, Schmutz J, Wang H, Percifield R, Hawkins J,Pontaroli A C, Estep M, Feng L, Vaughn J N, Grimwood J,Jenkins J, Barry K, Lindquist E, Hellsten U, Deshpande S,Wang X W, Wu X M, Mitros T, Triplett J, Yang X H, Ye C Y, Mauro-Herrera M, Wang L, Li P H, Sharma M, Sharma R, Ronald P C, Panaud O, Kellogg E A, Brutnell T P, Doust A N, Tuskan G A, Rokhsar D, Devos K M. Reference genome sequence of the model plant setaria. Nature Biotechnology,2012, 30(6):555-564
[9] Jia G, Huang X, Zhi H, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Li W, Chai Y, Yang L, Liu K, Lu H, Zhu C, Lu Y, Zhou C, Fan D, Weng Q, Guo Y,Huang T, Zhang L, Lu T, Feng Q, Hao H, Liu H, Lu P, Zhang N, Li Y, Guo E, Wang S, Wang S, Liu J, Zhang W, Chen G,Zhang B, Li W, Wang Y, Li H, Zhao B, Li J, Diao X, HanB-A haplotype map of genomic variations and genome-wide association studies of agronomic traits in foxtail millet(Setaria italica).Nature Genetics, 2013,45(8):957-961
[10]贾小平,张博,董志平,全建章,王永芳,张小梅,袁玺垒,李剑峰,戴凌峰·海南短日照条件谷子穗部性状的全基因组关联分析·河南农业科学,2018,47(9):33-40JiaX P, Zhang B,Dong Z P,Quan J Z, Wang Y F,Zhang X M,Yuan X L, Li J F, Dai L F. Genome-wide association analysis of panicle traits in foxtail millet under Hainan short-day condition.Journal of Henan Agricultural sciences, 2018,47(9):33-40
[11] Fang X M,Dong D K J,Wang X Q,Liu T P,He J H,Ren R Y,Zhang L,Liu R,Liu X Y,Li M,Huang M Z,Zhang Z S,Yang T Y. A high density genetic map and QTL for agronomic and yield traits in foxtail millet[Setaria italica(L.)P.Beauv.].BMC Genomics, 2016, 17(1):336
[12] Wang J,Wang Z L,Du X F,Yang H Q,Han F,Han Y H,Yuan F, Zhang L Y, Peng S Z, Guo E H. A high-density genetic map and QTL analysis of agronomic traits in foxtail millet[Setaria italica(L-)P.Beauv.] using RAD-seq. PLoS One, 2017, 12(6):e0179717
[13] Zhang K, Fan G Y, Zhang X X, Zhao F, Wei W, Du G H,Feng X L,Wang X M,Wang F,Song G L,Zou H F,Zhang X L,Li S D, Ni X M, Zhang G Y, Zhao Z H-Identification of QTLs for 14 agronomically important traits in Setaria italica based on SNPs generated from high-throughput sequencing-G3,2017,7(5):1587-1594
[14]元香梅,禾璐,张凯烨,武雪,马芳芳,王军,韩渊怀·谷子XTB基因家族与抗旱相关基因的分析·山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(1):1-6Yuan X M,He L,Zhang K Y,Wu X,Ma F F,Wang J,Han Y H.Analysis of XTH genes that related to drought stress in foxtail millet. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition, 2017, 37(1):1-6
[15]程璐,张彬,张耀元,苏彦冰,魏东,郭展,李红英·谷子MYB转录因子家族与抗旱关系的研究·山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016, 36(12):846-849, 867Cheng L, Zhang B, Zhang Y Y, Su Y B, Wei D, Guo Z, Li H Y. MYB transcription factors and their relationship with drought tolerance in foxtail millet. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition, 2016, 36(12):846-849,867
[16]贾小平,李剑峰,全建章,王永芳,董志平,张博,袁玺垒·不同光周期条件下谷子农艺性状的光周期敏感性评价·植物遗传资源学报,2018, 19(5):919-924Jia X P, Li J F, Quan J Z, Wang Y F, Dong Z P, Zhang B,Yuan X L. Evaluation of photoperiod sensitivity of agronomic traits of foxtail millet varieties(Setaria italica L-)under different photoperiod conditions. Journal of Plant GeneticResources, 2018, 19(5):919-924
[17]普晓英,曾亚文,申时全,李绅崇·低速磷胁迫对云南地方稻种核心种质抽穗期的影响·植物遗传资源学报,2004, 5(3):271-275Pu X Y, Zeng Y W, Shen S Q, Li S C. Effect of low phosphorus stress on heading date of the core collection for Yunnan rice landrace(Oryza sativa L.)·Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2004, 5(3):271-275
[18]徐丽霞,仪慧兰,郭二虎,张艾英·干旱胁迫对谷子抽穗期生理生化和产量的影响·山西大学学报:自然科学版,2016, 39(4):672-678Xu L X, Yi H L, Guo E H, Zhang A Y. Influence of drought stress on physiology characteristics and agronomic traits at heading stage of Setaria italica L. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition, 2016, 39(4):672-678
[19]石建军,祁祥·地膜覆盖对杂交谷子抽穗期叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响·山西农业科学,2015,43(11):1389-1392Shi J J, Qi X. Effect of film mulch on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of hybrid millet at heading stage. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2015,43(11):1389-1392
[20]李卫明·不同品种谷子生育期、品质性状、光合特性与产量的关系研究·太谷:山西农业大学,2016Li W M-Study on the relationship between growth period,quality characters, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different foxtail millet cultivars. Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University, 2016
[21]赵禹凯,王显瑞,陈高勋,赵敏,李书田·谷子主要农艺性状的相关和通径分析·内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014(2):35-38Zhao Y K, Wang X R, Chen G X, Zhao M, Li S T. Correlation and path analysis of main agronomic traits in foxtail millet.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition, 2014(2):35-38
[22]杨慧卿,王军,袁峰,郭二虎·西北春谷区中晚熟组谷子主要农艺性状的相关和通径分析·河北农业科学,2010, 14(11):105-106, 111Yang H Q, Wang J, Yuan F, Guo E H. Correlation analysis and path analysis on major agronomic traits of middle and late mature group of regional test in spring millet area of northwest China. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 14(11):105-106, 111
[23]元旭朝,张耀元,苏彦冰,刘晓东,刘龙龙,杜婧,邓楠,韩渊怀·谷子生育期与茎杆以及穗部性状的关系·山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2016, 36(6):391-394, 399Yuan X Z, Zhang Y Y, Su Y B, Liu X D, Liu L L, Du J J,Deng N, Han Y H. The relationship between growth period and traits of stem and panicle in foxtail millet. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2016,36(6):391-394,399
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