夏播饲用谷子农艺性状与品质评价
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摘要
研究旨在为饲用谷子育种提供优质种质资源,为高品质饲草生产奠定理论依据,对日粮饲料配比有一定的指导意义。通过研究河北省17份夏播饲用谷子品种(系)鲜草产量、干草产量、茎叶比等农艺性状,测定灌浆初期其粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF),采用豆科与禾本科等级划分标准、饲料相对值(RFV)和饲料分级指数(GI)3种评价指标对17份饲用谷子进行了品质评价和等级划分。结果表明:1)S2014794、S20151375和S2014742的鲜草产量和干草产量均较高(最高分别达37.26和18.92t·hm~(-2)),可用作高产饲用谷子品种资源;而虎的尾2、郑10和Z281的籽粒产量较高,并且其灌浆初期与成熟期鲜草和干草产量也属于中上等水平,因此可用作高产粮饲兼用谷子品系资源;茎叶比随着生育期的推进而升高,成熟期>灌浆期>抽穗期,S2014907、S20151375、K2908和K1955茎叶比较低,可作为叶量丰富型品种资源;衡HN201026和虎的尾2可作为高杆型品种资源。2)S2014907、S2014742的CP含量分别为11.81%,11.63%,极显著(P<0.01)高于其他品种;郑10和金绿谷的NDF分别为39.95%和40.06%,极显著(P<0.01)低于其他品种;饲草4号的ADF为14.73%,极显著(P<0.01)低于其他品种。不同的饲草评定方法对饲草等级划分结果不同,但总体趋势一致,采用豆科与禾本科等级划分标准,饲用谷子的品质为中上等水平,是较好的饲草品种。利用GI划分的饲草等级比利用RFV划分的等级普遍降一级,综合3个等级划分,郑10、K3970、金绿谷、饲草4号、K359、K2908、YC264、冀草谷1号饲用价值比较好,可作为高营养价值品种资源。
This study was designed to provide relevant information for the development of high-quality forage millet germplasm resources,and support informed breeding developments and guide feed formulation.The agronomic trait analysis included 17summer-sown varieties of forage millet with measurement of fresh and hay yield,plant height,and stem:leaf ratio,among others.To assess nutritive value,crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)were determined for the same 17 varieties.Three evaluation indexes were three used:the classification criterion of legume and gramineous forages in America,the relative feed value(RFV)and the grading index(GI),were also calculated,and the varieties ranked according to these criteria.It was found that:1)The varieties S2014794,S20151375 and S2014742had higher fresh and hay yield compared to others(the highest values of fresh and hay yield,respectively,were 37.26 and 18.92t·ha-1);hence these varieties could be used as high-yield forage resources.The grain yields of varieties Hudewei2,Zheng 10 and Z281were high compared to other varieties,relatively higher,and the fresh and hay yield for these ranked medium to high among the tested cultivars of which were also in the middle and upper level;hence these varieties could be used dual purpose grain and forage production varieties.The varieties S2014907,S20151375,K2908 and K1955had low stem:leaf ratios;while conversely Heng HN201026 and Hudewei 2had high stem:leaf ratios,so these traits might indicate special uses for these varieties.Stem:leaf ratio also increased with crop maturity,through heading,grain filling,and seed maturation stages of crop development;Heng HN201026 and Hudewei 2can be used as high-stalk resources.2)The CP contents of varieties S2014907 and S2014742(11.81% and 11.63%,respectively),which were higher(P<0.01)than other varieties.The contents of NDF in Zheng 10 and Jinlügu were 39.95%and 40.06%respectively,which were extremely significantly(P<0.01)lower than other varieties.The content of ADF in Sicao 4was 14.73%,extremely significantly(P<0.01)lower than other varieties.There were different results by three grading methods of forage,but the general trend were same.By the classification criterion of legume and gramineous forages in America,the feeding value of forage millet is middle and upper level,and it is a better forage variety.The GI forage grading values were generally one unit lower than the corresponding RFV values.Based on the three grading methods,the feeding value of Zheng 10,K3970,Jinlügu,Sicao 4,K359,K2908,YC264 and Jicaogu 1were superior to others,so these varieties could be used as high-nutritive-value resources.
This study was designed to provide relevant information for the development of high-quality forage millet germplasm resources,and support informed breeding developments and guide feed formulation.The agronomic trait analysis included 17summer-sown varieties of forage millet with measurement of fresh and hay yield,plant height,and stem:leaf ratio,among others.To assess nutritive value,crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)were determined for the same 17 varieties.Three evaluation indexes were three used:the classification criterion of legume and gramineous forages in America,the relative feed value(RFV)and the grading index(GI),were also calculated,and the varieties ranked according to these criteria.It was found that:1)The varieties S2014794,S20151375 and S2014742had higher fresh and hay yield compared to others(the highest values of fresh and hay yield,respectively,were 37.26 and 18.92t·ha-1);hence these varieties could be used as high-yield forage resources.The grain yields of varieties Hudewei2,Zheng 10 and Z281were high compared to other varieties,relatively higher,and the fresh and hay yield for these ranked medium to high among the tested cultivars of which were also in the middle and upper level;hence these varieties could be used dual purpose grain and forage production varieties.The varieties S2014907,S20151375,K2908 and K1955had low stem:leaf ratios;while conversely Heng HN201026 and Hudewei 2had high stem:leaf ratios,so these traits might indicate special uses for these varieties.Stem:leaf ratio also increased with crop maturity,through heading,grain filling,and seed maturation stages of crop development;Heng HN201026 and Hudewei 2can be used as high-stalk resources.2)The CP contents of varieties S2014907 and S2014742(11.81% and 11.63%,respectively),which were higher(P<0.01)than other varieties.The contents of NDF in Zheng 10 and Jinlügu were 39.95%and 40.06%respectively,which were extremely significantly(P<0.01)lower than other varieties.The content of ADF in Sicao 4was 14.73%,extremely significantly(P<0.01)lower than other varieties.There were different results by three grading methods of forage,but the general trend were same.By the classification criterion of legume and gramineous forages in America,the feeding value of forage millet is middle and upper level,and it is a better forage variety.The GI forage grading values were generally one unit lower than the corresponding RFV values.Based on the three grading methods,the feeding value of Zheng 10,K3970,Jinlügu,Sicao 4,K359,K2908,YC264 and Jicaogu 1were superior to others,so these varieties could be used as high-nutritive-value resources.
引文
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[2] Li S G,Liu M,Zhao Y,et al.Industry situation,technology need and development suggestion of foxtail millet in Hebei Province.Research of Agricultural Modernization,2012,33(3):286-289.李顺国,刘猛,赵宇,等.河北省谷子产业现状和技术需求及发展对策.农业现代化研究,2012,33(3):286-289.
[3] Xia X Y,Ren X L,Cheng R H,et al.Breeding and cultivation technique of forage foxtail millet variety Jicaogu 1.Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(9):2042-2045.
[4] Qiu F C,Zhang X L.High-crude protein forage foxtail millet variety Qinggu 1.China Seed Industry,2013,(5):86.邱风仓,张晓磊.高蛋白饲草型谷子青谷1号.中国种业,2013,(5):86.
[5] Qiu F C,Song G L,Zhang X L.Breeding and cultivation technique of forage foxtail millet variety Qinggu 2.Agricultural Science and Technology Communications,2013,(7):190-192.邱风仓,宋国亮,张晓磊.饲草专用型谷子青谷二号的选育及配套栽培技术.农业科技通讯,2013,(7):190-192.
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[7] Hao H B,Cui H Y,Li M Z.Breeding of a new dual-purpose grain and forage foxtail millet variety Hengsi No.1.Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2016,20(5):7-10.郝红波,崔海英,李明哲.粮饲兼用型谷子新品种衡饲1号选育.河北农业科学,2016,20(5):7-10.
[8] Li Y,Han X M,Li J G,et al.Associative effects of cornstalk,millet straw,and corn stalk on silage digestibility in vitro.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(5):213-223.李妍,韩肖敏,李建国,等.体外法评价玉米秸秆、谷草和玉米秸秆青贮饲料组合效应研究.草业学报,2017,26(5):213-223.
[9] Zhi H,Niu Z G,Jia G Q,et al.Variation and correlation analysis of hay forage quality traits of foxtail millet[Setaria italica(L.)Beauv].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(5):800-807.智慧,牛振刚,贾冠清,等.谷子干草饲用品质性状变异及相关性分析.作物学报,2012,38(5):800-807.
[10] Lardner H A,Kumar R,Darambazar1E,et al.Comparison of chemical composition and rumen degradation kinetics of three forages:Whole plant barley,whole plant foxtail millet and grass-legume hay.Journal of Agricultural Science,2016,8(6):1-7.
[11] Yun J F,Mi F G.Biotechnology on forage plants breeding.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2004:37-38.云锦凤,米富贵.牧草育种技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004:37-38.
[12] Zheng K,Gu H R.Research progress in evaluation system and breeding of forage grass quality.Pratacultural Science,2005,23(5):57-60.郑凯,顾洪如.牧草品质评价体系及品质育种的研究进展.草业科学,2005,23(5):57-60.
[13] Liu Z,Wang Y Q,Xue S Y,et al.Analysis on forage nutrients of sheep by different drying methods in western Henan Province.Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2017,(2):168-170.刘哲,王玉琴,薛淑媛,等.不同干燥法对豫西地区羊粗饲料营养成分的影响.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017,(2):168-170.
[14] Yi J,Wu R G,Chen X M,et al.The research progress of nutrition evaluation methods for several kinds of grassland.Inner Mongolia Prataculture,2010,22(2):45-47.羿静,乌日嘎,陈锡梅,等.几种草地营养评价方法及研究进展.内蒙古草业,2010,22(2):45-47.
[15] Schwab E C,Shaver R D.Evaluation of corn silage nutritive value using MILK2000.Proc.of 25th forage production and use symposium.Eau Claire,WI:WI Forage Council Annual Mtg,2001:21-24.
[16] Lu D X.The application of the nutrition engineering technology for dairy cow.Inner Mongolia Animal Husbandry Science,2003,(1):5-12.卢德勋.乳牛营养工程技术及其应用.内蒙古畜牧科学,2003,(1):5-12.
[17] Rohweder D A,Barnes R F,Jorgensen N.Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality.Journal of Animal Science,1978,47(3):747-759.
[18] Qi Q G,Jin S G,Liu F.GI and RFV determination and comparison of 12inds of pasture grass in Inner Mongolia.Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2008,29(3):19-22.其其格,金曙光,刘锋.内蒙古地区12种牧草的粗饲料分级指数及粗饲料相对值的测定及比较.内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(3):19-22.
[19] Zhou H L,Li Q,Tang J,et al.The evaluation of nutrition value of several tropical forages in different areas of Hainan Province.Pratacultural Science,2006,23(9):41-44.周汉林,李琼,唐军,等.海南不同地区几种热带牧草的营养价值评定.草业科学,2006,23(9):41-44.
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