中老年人群高血压患病的空间分布及影响因素分析
|
摘要
目的了解我国45岁及以上人群高血压患病的空间分布及其影响因素,为预防和控制中老年人群高血压提供依据。方法从CHARLS数据库中2015年调查的30个省(市、自治区)抽取150个县(市、区),再采用概率比例规模抽样法从各县(市、区)中抽取3个村(居委会),并从各村(居委会)随机抽取80户家庭≥45岁居民的健康资料进行分析。以省级作为空间分析单位,以中国省界矢量地图作为基础地图,采用Geoda和ArcGIS 10.2软件对各省(市、自治区)进行高血压患病及影响因素的空间分析。结果共纳入28个省(市、自治区) 14 880名中老年人的健康资料,其中高血压4 203例,占28.25%;高血压前期5 408例,占36.34%。局部空间分析显示,高血压患者的聚集区域主要在中国东北部和东部。空间回归分析显示,男性、高龄老人和超重是高血压患病的主要危险因素(均P<0.05),且存在空间分布差异性,分别对中国中部,北部和东北部,以及东部和北部地区危险更大。结论男性、高龄老人和超重是我国中老年人高血压患病的主要危险因素,我国高血压重点防控区域在中国东部、东北部。
Objective To investigate the spatial distribution and the influencing factors of hypertensive patients aged 45 yearsand above,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension among middle-aged and elderly population.Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to collect 150 counties(cities or districts) from 30 provinces(municipalities or autonomous regions) from CHARLS database in 2015 according to the per capita GDP indifferent areas. Then the probability proportionate to size sampling method was used to select three villages(neighborhoodcommittees),80 families were randomly selected from each village(neighborhood committees),and residents aged 45 yearsand above were interviewed. Spatial analysis was based on the vector map of China's provincial boundaries, Geoda andArcGIS 10.2 software were used to analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension at provincial levels. ResultsThe health data of 14 880 people aged 45 years and above in 28 provinces(municipalities or autonomous regions) wereobtained, including 4 203 patients with hypertension(28.25%) and 5 408 people with pre-hypertension(36.34%). Theresults of local spatial analysis showed that the clustering regions of hypertension patients were in northeast and eastern parts ofChina. The results of spatial regression analysis showed that males,age of 80 years and above and overweight were the mainrisk factors for hypertension(all P<0.05),which had greater influence on the middle part of China,north and northeast ofChina, and the east and north of China,respectively. Conclusion Males,age of 80 years and above and overweight werethe main risk factors for hypertension in middle-aged and elderly population in China. The main prevention andcontrol areas of hypertension were eastern and northeast China.
Objective To investigate the spatial distribution and the influencing factors of hypertensive patients aged 45 yearsand above,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension among middle-aged and elderly population.Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to collect 150 counties(cities or districts) from 30 provinces(municipalities or autonomous regions) from CHARLS database in 2015 according to the per capita GDP indifferent areas. Then the probability proportionate to size sampling method was used to select three villages(neighborhoodcommittees),80 families were randomly selected from each village(neighborhood committees),and residents aged 45 yearsand above were interviewed. Spatial analysis was based on the vector map of China's provincial boundaries, Geoda andArcGIS 10.2 software were used to analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension at provincial levels. ResultsThe health data of 14 880 people aged 45 years and above in 28 provinces(municipalities or autonomous regions) wereobtained, including 4 203 patients with hypertension(28.25%) and 5 408 people with pre-hypertension(36.34%). Theresults of local spatial analysis showed that the clustering regions of hypertension patients were in northeast and eastern parts ofChina. The results of spatial regression analysis showed that males,age of 80 years and above and overweight were the mainrisk factors for hypertension(all P<0.05),which had greater influence on the middle part of China,north and northeast ofChina, and the east and north of China,respectively. Conclusion Males,age of 80 years and above and overweight werethe main risk factors for hypertension in middle-aged and elderly population in China. The main prevention andcontrol areas of hypertension were eastern and northeast China.
引文
[1]李芳健,王增武,王家骥,等.广州市高血压社区规范化管理患者血压控制状况及影响因素分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(3):222-225.
[2]王桦,赵晟,曾尔亢,等.中国人口老龄化社会发展与应对策略[J].中国社会医学杂志,2014,31(2):75-77.
[3]贾勇,梅,潘雅洁,等.丹东市≥15岁农村居民高血压现状及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(6):736-739.
[4]罗艳侠,石晶,周涛,等.社区中老年人高血压患病及血压控制情况调查分析[J].中国全科医学,2013,16(25):3015-3018.
[5]李冰,毛辉曙,王萍,等.江山市手足口病空间聚集性分析[J].预防医学,2018,30(7):707-710.
[6]张永强,刘泽军.地理信息系统(GIS)在公共卫生中的应用[J].中国公共卫生,2005,21(5):632-633.
[7]热伊拉·吾斯曼.应用地理信息系统技术分析新疆糖尿病的空间分布[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学,2015.
[8]吴林雄.昆明市官渡区农村居民高血压患病的GIS空间统计分析[D].昆明:昆明医学院,2010.
[9]蒋玲玲.吉林省成人高血压与糖尿病的空间分布特点及影响因素分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2016.
[10]郭剑.基于Web GIS的云南省高血压数据调查分析系统[D].昆明:云南大学,2013.
[11]胡雪芸,何宗宜,苗静.疾病数据的时空聚集分析及可视化[J].测绘通报,2015(11):106-111.
[12]罗慧,农艺,唐忠.广西医疗卫生资源配置的空间分布及聚集性分析[J].中国卫生资源,2017,20(2):114-117.
[13]庄勋,陆青云,陆峰.基于GIS的南通市肺结核发病空间分布研究[J].中国卫生统计,2011,28(4):384-386.
[14]黄秋兰,唐咸艳,周红霞,等.应用空间回归技术从全局和局部两水平上定量探讨影响广西流行性乙型脑炎发病的气象因素[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(4):282-286.
[15]中国肥胖问题工作组.中国成人超重和肥胖症预防与控制指南(节录)[J].营养学报,2004,26(1):1-4.
[16]刘卫东,俞清,刘林飞,等.江苏省淮安市常住居民高血压影响因素分析[J].健康教育与健康促进,2014,9(4):269-272.
[17]李洋.社区高血压前期生活方式群组干预模式研究[D].南京:东南大学,2017.
[18]范吉祥,刘鑫,张昭,等.2013年吉林省成人超重和肥胖流行现状及与高血压的关系[J].中国卫生工程学,2018(5):678-681.
[19]杨丽,俞蔚,徐小玲,等.高血压患病及相关因素的现况研究[J].浙江预防医学,2013,25(4):14-17.
[20]胡熠,郑艳玲.高血压患者实施社区规范化管理措施及治疗效果观察[J].中国社区医师,2018,35(3):11-13.
[2]王桦,赵晟,曾尔亢,等.中国人口老龄化社会发展与应对策略[J].中国社会医学杂志,2014,31(2):75-77.
[3]贾勇,梅,潘雅洁,等.丹东市≥15岁农村居民高血压现状及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(6):736-739.
[4]罗艳侠,石晶,周涛,等.社区中老年人高血压患病及血压控制情况调查分析[J].中国全科医学,2013,16(25):3015-3018.
[5]李冰,毛辉曙,王萍,等.江山市手足口病空间聚集性分析[J].预防医学,2018,30(7):707-710.
[6]张永强,刘泽军.地理信息系统(GIS)在公共卫生中的应用[J].中国公共卫生,2005,21(5):632-633.
[7]热伊拉·吾斯曼.应用地理信息系统技术分析新疆糖尿病的空间分布[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学,2015.
[8]吴林雄.昆明市官渡区农村居民高血压患病的GIS空间统计分析[D].昆明:昆明医学院,2010.
[9]蒋玲玲.吉林省成人高血压与糖尿病的空间分布特点及影响因素分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2016.
[10]郭剑.基于Web GIS的云南省高血压数据调查分析系统[D].昆明:云南大学,2013.
[11]胡雪芸,何宗宜,苗静.疾病数据的时空聚集分析及可视化[J].测绘通报,2015(11):106-111.
[12]罗慧,农艺,唐忠.广西医疗卫生资源配置的空间分布及聚集性分析[J].中国卫生资源,2017,20(2):114-117.
[13]庄勋,陆青云,陆峰.基于GIS的南通市肺结核发病空间分布研究[J].中国卫生统计,2011,28(4):384-386.
[14]黄秋兰,唐咸艳,周红霞,等.应用空间回归技术从全局和局部两水平上定量探讨影响广西流行性乙型脑炎发病的气象因素[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(4):282-286.
[15]中国肥胖问题工作组.中国成人超重和肥胖症预防与控制指南(节录)[J].营养学报,2004,26(1):1-4.
[16]刘卫东,俞清,刘林飞,等.江苏省淮安市常住居民高血压影响因素分析[J].健康教育与健康促进,2014,9(4):269-272.
[17]李洋.社区高血压前期生活方式群组干预模式研究[D].南京:东南大学,2017.
[18]范吉祥,刘鑫,张昭,等.2013年吉林省成人超重和肥胖流行现状及与高血压的关系[J].中国卫生工程学,2018(5):678-681.
[19]杨丽,俞蔚,徐小玲,等.高血压患病及相关因素的现况研究[J].浙江预防医学,2013,25(4):14-17.
[20]胡熠,郑艳玲.高血压患者实施社区规范化管理措施及治疗效果观察[J].中国社区医师,2018,35(3):11-13.